Senbi, 27 Sәuir 2024
Alashorda 6063 4 pikir 8 Mausym, 2022 saghat 13:17

XX ghasyrdaghy bilimpaz qazaq jastary

XX basy qazaq tarihy ýshin sayasy órleuge bet alghan oyanu dәuiri boldy. Resey týrkileri arasynda bastau alghan jәdittik  baghyttaghy aghartushylyq qozghalys, qazaq arasynda da barynsha óristep, Alash iydeyasy órken jaydy. Últtyq úiysugha ýndegen ólen-jyrlar el arasynda keng tarap, eldik mýdde jandandy. Alghashqy últtyq baspasóz payda bolyp, qalyptasty.

Sonday-aq qazaq jastary talaptanyp, bilim-óner izdeu jolyna týsku ýrdisi jalpy últtyq sipat ala bastady. Qazaq jastarynyng basym kópshiligi Ufa, Orynbor, Troisk, Qazan, Qyzyljar qalalaryndaghy tatar medreselerine kirip bilimderin jetildirse, biraz jigerli toby Peterbuog, Varshava, Mәskeu, Kiyev, Tom, Saratov siyaqty iri qalalar men Týrkiyagha, Mysyr, Shamgha deyin ketip, bilim nәrimen susyndap qaytty. Bir kezderi shoqyndy boludan qorqyp, oqu dese ýrke qashatyn alash balasy endigi jerde bilim dese bas qoyatyn jana sapalyq biyikke kóterildi. Al, studentterdi qoldau jәne olardy halyqqa tanystaru maqsatynda jalpy últtyq  «Qazaq» gazeti arnauly habarlar basyp, jazbalar jariyalap túrdy. «Qazaq» gazeti qazaq student jastarynyng pikir alysyp, týrli taqrypta oy bólisetin aqparat alanyna ainaldy. Bilim qughan qazaq jastary óz kezeginde últ taghdyryna qatysty til, jazu, densaulyq taqyryptarynda qalam terbep, halyqty sauattandyru jolynda enbek ete bastady. Tómende «Qazaq» gazetinde jariyalanghan 1914-1915 jyldar shamasynda iri qalalarda bilim alghan qazaq studentteri turaly habarlardy jinaqtap, oqyrman nazaryna úsynbaqpyz.

«Qazaq» gazetining bas shygharushysy Ahmet Baytúrsynúly ózi aitqanday, «Qazaq» gazeti – halyqtyng kózi, qúlaghy hәm tili boldy. Joghary oqu oryndarynda oqityn qazaq studentterin júrtqa tanystyru maqsatynda, «Qazaq» gazeti 1914 jyly 23 noyabr  №87 sanynda 7 týrli súrau súrap, iri qalalarda oqityn qazaq studentterine sәlem joldaydy. Qay qalada, qansha student, qanday mamandyqta, ýkimetten stependiya aluy men óz kýshimen oqudy tb siyaqty mәlimetterdi súrap jazghan jazbagha, studentter jauap jazyp, ózderin tanystyryp otyrdy. Qazaq studentteri sol uaqyttaghy eng qajetti auyl sharuashylyq, mal dәrigerlik, medisinalyq, zangerlik siyaqty mamandyqtarda bilim aldy.

Petrogradtaghy qazaq studentter

1) Mústafa Shoqaev (Syrdariya oblysy, Aqmeshit uiyezi – zang fakuliteti); 2) Ghabbas Jansúltanúly Seydalin (Qostanay uiyezinen, Torghay oblysynan – zang fakuliteti); 3) Ydyrys Orazalin – (Semey oblysy, Pavlodar uiyezinen – auyl sharuashylyghy instituty); 4) Shahmardan Seytúly Kapsalamov – (Ferghana oblysy, Namangannan – auyl sharuashylyghy instituty); 5) Jәngir Sәlimkereyúly Jantórin (Poliy-tehnicheskiy instituttyng ekonomicheskiy bólimi).

Varshavadaghy qazaq studentter

Varshava veterinarnyy institutynda 4 qazaq studenti: 6)Áshirbek Shalymbekov (Semey oblysy); 7) Ábilmәjin Kýshikov (Semey oblysy)); 8) Jaqyp Súltanaev (Jetisu obylsynyng qyrghyzy); 9) Ahmet Túnghanshin (Torghay oblysynan).

Kiyevte qazaq studentter

10) Hamza Núrdanúly (Syrdariya oblysy, Áuliye-ata uiyezinen – zang fakuliteti); 11) Jýsipbek Jaqbayúly (Jetisu oblysy, Ýlken Almaty elinen – medisina fakuliteti); 12) Shýlenbay Oralbayúly (Oral oblysynan – auyl ashruashylyq fakuliteti); 13) Ábilmaghjan Baltan úly Oral oblysy, Ilbishin uiyezin– auyl sharuashylyq fakuliteti).

Saratovtaghy qazaq studentter

Saratovta uniyversiytetining medisina fakultetinde oqity stedentter: 14) Esenghaly Kasabolatov (Oral oblysynan); 15) Yqylas Shúghylov (Oral oblysynan);  16) Batyrghaly Jýsipghaliyev (Astrahan guberniyasynan); 17) Ahmet Niyazov (Astrahan guberniyasynan); 18) Ghúmar Esenqúlov (Oral oblysynan);  19) Baqytghaly Beysenov (Oral oblysynan).

Mәskeudegi qazaq studentter

20) Ghabdrahman-bek Orazaev (Týrkistan ólkesi, Marghylannan – zang fakuliteti); 21) Halel Ghabbasov (Semey uiyezin – Fizika-matematika fakuliteti); 22) Satylghan Sabataev (Jetisu oblysy, Almaty uiyezinen – auyl ashruashylyq instituty); 23) Tel Jamanmúrynov (Torghay oblysy, Yrghyz uiyezinen – auyl ashruashylyq instituty); 24) Nәzir Tóreqúlov – Qoqan qalasynan – Kommercheskiy institut); 25) Aq-qaghaz Dosjan qyzy (Torghay oblysy, Aqtóbe uiyezinen – dәrigerlik); 26) Tanym Qúleken qyzy (student Sabataev kelinshegi. Torghay oblysy, Yrghyz uiyezinen Povivalnyy institut).

Tomskide qazaq studentter

27) Asylbek Seyitov (Semey oblysy, Pavlodar uiyezini – medisina fakuliteti); 28) Álimhan Ermekov (Semey oblysy, Qarqaraly uiyezin – tehnologiya institutynda).

Qazanda qazaq studentter

29) Ábubәkir Imanov – (Torghay oblysy, Qostanay uiyezinen – zang fakulteti); 30) Múqysh Boshtaev  – (Semey oblysy, Pavlodar uiyezinen – zang fakulteti); 31) Bazarbay Mәmetov  –  (Jetisu oblysy, Lepsi uiyezinen– zang fakulteti); 32) Shapaghat Bekmúhamedov  – (Astrahan guberniyasy, ekinshi okruktan – zang fakulteti); 33) Isa Qashqynbaev (Oral oblysy, Ilbishin uiyezinen  – medisina fakuliteti); 34) Isa Qisyqov – (Torghay oblysy, Yrghyz uiyezinen – medisina fakuliteti);35) Bijanghaly Janqadamov (Oral oblysy, Ilbishin uiyezinen –  veterinarnyy institut).

Jogharyda aty atalghan qazaq jastarynyng kópshiligi keyinnen júrt qamyn ýshin týrli salalarda enbek etti. Key bir talapty qazaq jastary, jastay qaytys bolyp, armanda ketkenderi de boldy. Mysaly, Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng Týrkiyada bilim alyp jýrip, jastay qaytys bolghan Ghadylbek Bekmúhametúlynyng qazasyna qayghyra otyryp jazghan jazbasy bar. Mirjaqyp Dulatúly búl jazbada Ghadylbekting Semey oblysy, Zaysan ýiezi Qara Ertis eline qaraytyn Nayman Bekmúhammed molla Satybaldy úghylynyng balasy ekenin, 1904 jyldary ózi sol auylda múghalim bolyp baryp, Ghadylbekti alghash oqytqanyn jazady.

«Ghadylbek 1916 jyl 14 jasynda Týrkiyagha ketti. Týrkiyanyng Bursa shaharyndaghy (Stambúldyng ar jaghynda) týrik gimnaziyasy mektep Súltaniyagha kirgen. Onda 3 jyl oqyp, 1919 jyl Stambolgha kelip, darul múghalimge týsken. Ghadilbek daryl múghalimde 3 jyl oqyghanda, barsha sabaqtas shәkirtterding aldy bolghan. Daryl múghalimdi bitiruge endi bir jyl qalghanda, kókirek aurugha shaldyghyp, 1918 jyly mart aiynda 20 jasynda auruhanada jatyp opat bolghan. Ghadilbek auru uaqytynda Rossiyadan barghan oqushy joldastary Ghaziz Bayseyitúly, Rahmetulla Haliytúly, Núrmúhammed Toqsanbayúly (ýsheui de Zaysandyq, alghashqy ekeui qazir Tashkentte, Núrmúhammed qazir Týrkiyanyng Izmir shaharynda múghalim) Ahmet Quatpayúly (Búl Qytay qazaghy, 19 jyl Týrkiyadan qaytyp kele jatqanda jolda Batom shaharynda kókirek aurudan opat bolghan) Ghaly Dimyshúghly (Aqtóbe ýiezinen. Búl da qazir Tashkentte) Ghadilbekting qalyn bilip qasynda bolghan jәne de Týrkiyadaghy kýnshyghys isterin qaraytyn sayasy úiym Ghadilbekke auyryp jatqanda púl jәrdemin berip túrghan» («Aq jol» gazeti. №49. 1921.).

Ghadilbek marqúm óluinen 20 kýn búryn konvertke salyp joldastaryna hat bergen. Men ólgennen keyin ashyndar dep sondaghy jazghan sózi– joldastarym, kitaptarymdy bólip alyndar, kiyimderimdi múqtajdaryng alyndar, elime habar qylyndar, jastay ólip armanda ketip baramyn degen.

Sau kýninde Ghadilbekting joldastaryna dәiim aitatyn sózi «oquymyzdy bitip, әtteng elge jetsek mektep, medrese ashsaq, kóshpeli elding basyn qossaq, nadan bauyrlarymyzdy oqytsaq deydi eken», elge barghanda kerek bolady dep mektep, medresselerding planyn qaghazgha salyp jýrushi edi deydi.

Ghadilbekting sýiegi «skoptary» mazary degen belgili beyitke qoyylypty.

Ghadilbekting janazasyna mynnan artyq shәkirt jinalyp, darul múghalimi mýdirleri, modәris múghalimder basshy bolyp, tu kóterip aparyp qoyypty. Qabir basynda darul múghalimi bastyghynyng orynbasary Ahman Sharif Ápendi mynanday sóz sóilegen:

«Mynau kómip otyrghan joldastarynnyng kim ekenin bilesinder me? Búl dýniyening qay búryshynan ne maqsatpen kelgeni esterinde me. Búl keshegi joldastaryng Ghadilbek zerek. Ghadilbek: minezdi jigerli Ghadilbek! Sonau Qytay shekarasynda jatqan týrik nәsildes qaranghy qazaq últyn aghartu maqsatymen ghylym izdep kelgen Ghadilbek!

Eli ýshin qyzmet qylamyn dep ghylym jolynda qúrban bolghan Ghadilbek; Ghadilbekti úmytpandar, Ghadilbekten ýlgi alyndar!» dep dausy qaltyrap kózinen móldiregen jas aghyzdy deydi («Aq jol» gazeti. №49. 1921.)

XX ghasyr basyndaghy qazaq jastary óte belsendi bolyp, oqu bilimge jappay úmtyldy. Alghashqy últtyq baspasózderdi qoldap, janasha mektepter ashugha, medreseler salugha jappay kiristi. Búl ýrdis jyl sayyn jalpyúlyttyq sipat alyp, qazaq oqyghan jastarynyng aldynghy legi qalyptasyp, últtyq qozghalys, ortaq jazu tili, teritoriyalyq tútastyq, últtyq mýdde tónireginde toptasyp, júrt qamy ýshin ayanbay enbek ete bastady. Osylaysha, aldynghy buyn ziyaly jastar shoghyry qalyptasyp, qazaqtyng jeke últtyq memleket boluyna alghy shart jasady.

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