Jeksenbi, 19 Mamyr 2024
Ángime 6422 43 pikir 11 Qantar, 2019 saghat 17:40

Orys knyaziderining qaru-jaraghyndaghy qúran sózderi

Osydan biraz búryn belgili foliklorshy ghalym Ismail Munaev «Nahchiyn foliklor» atty kitaptyng altynshy tomyn qúrastyryp, jaryqqa shyghardy. Tarihta qarapayym adamdar bile bermeytin, ashyq aityla qoymaghan jayttar kóp. Ásirese, orys tarihynda. Mәselen, Mәskeudi polyaktardan azat etushi Minin men Pojarskiyding Qyzyl alandaghy eskertkishin bәrimiz de bilemiz. Biraq búl jenisting úiymdastyrushysy hәm shabyttandyrushysy chechen knyazi Cherkasskiy ekenin ekining biri bile bermeydi.

Búl sózimizge M.N. Zagoskinning 1829 jyly shyqqan «ngriy Mstislavskiy ily russkie v 1612 godu» degen tarihy romany dәlel. Onda: «Bizding tynysh ómir sýruimizge eng әueli Dmitriy Mamstrukovich Cherkasskiy knyazi, sosyn Grigoriy Obrazsov qarsy bolatynyna sóz joq. Búl ekeuining birinshisi chechen knyazi Mamstrukting úly bolghandyqtan әri chechender siyaqty әrdayym keskilesuge dayar túratyndyqtan sóitedi. Al ekinshisi tuabitti niyjegorodtyq bolghandyqtan polyaktardy it etinen jek kóredi...» – dep jazylghan. « – Men bizdi  knyazi Dmitriy Mihaylovich Pojarskiy Mәskeuge bastap baratyn bolsyn degenmin, – deydi Cherkaskiy. –Biz polyaktargha naghyz jauapty sonda qaytaramyz! Biz Mәskeu manayyna ólikterdi tósek qyp tastaghanda niyjegorodtyqtargha ne kerek ekenin sonda ghana biletin bolady». Cherkaskiy knyaziding osy sózderimen shabyttanghan orys jasaqtary men qosyndary Minin men Pojarskiyding basqaruymen jaugha attanyp, Mәskeudi azat etedi deydi avtor.

IYә, býginde Qyzyl alandaghy Minin men Pojarskiyding janynda chechen knyazi Cherkaskiy mýsini joq. Resey keshegi Otan soghysy kezinde erligimen kózge týsip, Kenes Odaghynyng batyry ataghyna úsynylghan chechenderding qújattaryn joydy. Tipti, Reyhstagtyng shatyryna tu tikken chechen Abdulhakim Ismailovqa ózi jasaghan erligi turaly da, últy kim ekenin  aitugha da rota komandiyri tyiym salghan. Sóitip, tek Egorov pen Kantariya ghana erlik danqqa bólendi.

Orystyng «aptada bes júma bar» degen mәtelin talayymyz estigen bolarmyz. Al onyng shyn maghynasy ne ekenin oilap kórdik pe? Sóitsek, búryn Rusite de júmany demalys kýni dep ataghan eken. Resmy tarih boyynsha Rusi hristian dinin qabyldap, shoqynghangha sheyin orystar otqa, sugha, pútqa tabynghan. Sóitip, tek H-shy ghasyrdyng sonynda ghana Vladimir knyazi eldi bir dinge engizuge kirisedi (988 j.). Ol iudaizmdi qabyldayyn dese Izraili halqy Jaratushynyng qaharyna úshyraghan dep esepteledi. Islam dini salauattylyqty talap etetindikten ishimdiksiz ómirdi ómir qúrly kórmeytin orystargha ol tura kelmeydi. Sondyqtan pravoslavie orystargha layyq dep tabylady. Alayda, endi bir boljamdar men anyzdargha sensek, orystargha pravoslavie dinin qabyldatqan  Ivan Groznyy eken deytinder de bar. Sol Ivan Groznyidyn  kýni býginge sheyin Stokgolimdegi múrajayda saqtauly dulyghasy orys ghalymdary jazghan Resey tarihynyng shәt-shәlekeyin shyghardy. Búl jerde mәsele sol dulyghadaghy arabsha jazuda bolyp otyr. Ony Iran Islam Respublikasynyng osy múrajaygha barghan konsuly Seyit Ghúlamrez Meyghuny tәrjimalap, búl kóne  dialektide jazylghan dep maghlúmdady. Ivan Groznyidyng búl dulyghasyndaghy jazudy tәrjimalaghanda «Alla úlyq! Múhammed onyng payghambary» bop shyghady eken. Osyny estigen Andrey Rachev jeke zertteu jýrgizip «Rusiting aspanynda jarqyraydy jarty Ay» degen enbeginde Nww.stihi.ru 2010.02), Reseyde XIII-XIV ghasyrlargha sheyin qasiyetti Islam dini uaghyzdalyp kelgenin anyqtady. Tipti, orystyng keybir jerlerinde ol XV ghasyrgha sheyin uaghyzdalyp, saltanat qúryp kelgeni aitylady. Búl dulygha Ivan Groznyidiki ekenin onyng tómengi túsynda taza slavyan tilinde jazylghan «Shelom (shlem – M.K) knyazya Ivana Vasilievicha, Velikogo Knyazya syna Vasiliya Ivanovicha, gospodarya Vseya Rusy samoderjsa» degen jazu da naqtylay týsedi. Búl búl ma, arabsha jazuy bar bas kiyim tek Ivan Groznyida ghana emes, oghan deyingi úly knyaziderde, de bolghan eken. Jәne búl dulyghalardy ataqty ústa Nikita Davydov siyaqty orystyng tól sheberleri jasaghan. Al Aleksandr Nevskiy knyaziding dulyghasynda arab әripterimen jazylghan Qúrannyn  «Shynayy Qúday jolyn ústanghandargha Allahtyng shapaghaty tiyetinin jәne kóp úzamay jeniske jetetinin aityp quant» degen sýre sózderi bolghan. Qadirli oqyrman búnyng bәrine taghy da dәiek izdep, әurege týspeui ýshin Rachevting maqalasynan ýzindi keltireyik: «Aytpaqshy, arab әrpimen jazylghan Qúran sýreleri Resey knyazidary  dulyghalarynda ghana emes, sonymen qatar olardyng qylyshtary men qalqandarynda da, sauyttary men tipti ydys-ayaq, qúral-saymandarynda da órnektelgen edi. Al Radzivillov jylnamasynda  ózining astyndaghy túlparynan eki mәrte qaza tapqan, eki beyitke jerlengen. Kóregen Olegting (veshiy Olegtin) sarbazdary úrysqa islamnyng jasyl jalauyn kóterip kiretin bolghan. Al Olegting ózining qalqanynda «Ad-din ul Islam!», yaghni, «Kiyeli islam dini ýshin!» degen arab qarpimen jazylghan jazu bolghan. IYә, Oleg shayqasta jeniske jetip, Sarigradtyng darbazasyna óz qolymen qaghyp qoyghan qalqanyndaghy jazu osy! Dәl osynday kórkem de qasiyetti jazu Askolid jәne Dir knyaziderding qalqandarynda da jazylghan. Ol qalqandar Stokgolimdegi koroli múrajayynda kýni býginge sheyin saqtauly túr. Endeshe, búlardan basqa tura da naqty derekter bar ma?  Arab tarihshylary reseylik tarihshylar siyaqty tarihty eshqashan búrmalaghan emes. Endeshe, sol  zamandardyng tarihy jazbalaryn zerdelep kórsek te jetkilikti bolar edi. Mәselen, arab tarihshysy Múhammed әl-Iafy әl Saliyh: «Hijranyng 300-jyly bolgarlardyn, slavyandar men russtardyng jabayy taypalary músylmandyqty qabyldady. Biraq olar Allah jolynan tayyp, keyin hristian boldy»,–dep jazghan. Al parsy tarihshysy Zard Fahristany Kiyev Rusine kelgende olardy donyz etin jeytin, oraza tútpaytyn óte jaman músylmandar eken dep qapalanady. Erte ortaghasyrlardaghy Rusite de islamnyng kóptegen aighaqtaryn kezdestiruge bolady, ol kezdegi shirkeuler kýmbezi meshitter kýmbezderimen egiz qozyday úqsas boldy. Al kóne pravoslaviyelik әdet-ghúryptardyng yrymdary men tyiymdary músylmandyqqa óte úqsas edi. Mysaly, ejelgi Rusite júma demalys kýni bolyp belgilengen.

Rusiting islam dininen pravoslaviyege ótui XV-XVI ghasyrlargha sheyin sozyldy. Biz kóne Reseydin, orys halqynyng islam dinine tikeley baylanysty tústarynan azdaghan ghana mysal keltirdik. Búghan sheyin Mәskeu knyazi Vasiliyding Altyn Orda hanynyng mәrmәr taqtadaghy tabanynyng tanbasyna bas iyip  knyazi atanu ýshin ant berip jatqan suretin, getman Bogdan Hmeliniskiyding namaz oqyp otyrghan suretin baspasózde jariyalaghanbyz. Sol siyaqty, A. Pushkinnin, IY.Buninning qasiyetti Islam dinine, Qúrangha, oramal tartatyn músylman әielderine arnap jazghan   maqtau ólenderin qazaqshagha tәrjimalap ta kórgenbiz.

Al L.Tolstoy, A.Blok, A.Kuprin islam dini turaly onyng aqiqatshyldyghyna, әdiletshildigine, asa joghary adamgershilik pen mәdeniyettiligine tanday qaghyp tamsana jazghan. Tipti solardyng birazy músylmandyqty qabyldaghan kórinedi. Átten, әli de bolsa imperialistik, shovinistik pighyldan arylmay, әli de biz «úly orys halqymyz» dep keudesin sabalaytyn tarihshylar men ghalymdar múnyng bәrin júrtshylyqtan jasyryp ústap, bildirmeuge tyrysady. Ol az bolghanday olargha әli de qúldyq sanadan arylmaghan qazaqtar qosylatynyn qaytersin. Sondyqtan múnday zor tarihy manyzy bar dýniyelerdi tek әleumettik jelilerden ghana alyp jýrmiz.

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