Tashkenttikterding yqpalynda bola túryp, qaysaqtar ózderine sonshalyqty qajetti jәne beybit diqanshylyq kәsibin ýirenbeui mýmkin emes edi1.

Qyrghyzdarda óz mindetine mýldem kelmeytin jer jyrtu qúral-jabdyqtarynyng damymaghanyna qaramastan, Úly jýzding qúnarly topyraghy diqannyng enbegin aqtap, tamasha ónim beredi. Kýngey Alatau, Kishi Alatau, Altyn Emel jәne basqa tau basynan týsetin kóptegen ózender suy egistik alqabyn qúbyrlarmen jәne toghandarmen, basqasha aitqanda, Reseyge mýldem belgisiz aryqpen suaru jýiesine әbden qolayly. Múnda jazda janbyr óte az jauady, al mausymda 400R-ge jetetin aptap ystyqta qyrghyz-qaycaqtardyng egistigi aryqtar arqyly suarylmasa kýiip keter edi. Aryqtar jer bederine say óte ynghaylastyrylghan, sondyqtan diqan-qaysaq enbekqorlyghy men kýsh-jigerining arqasynda aptapqa qaramastan, ózining tamasha suarylymy aryqty paydalanyp, ghajap ónim ala alady.

Bastapqy kezde óz kózinmen kórmeyinshe, aryqtardyng jota-qyrlardy kesip ótip, qanday biyiktikke kóteriletinine senu qiyn. Qyrghyz-qaycaqtyng epti qoly óte tereng jyradaghy sudan aryq shygharyp, bir shaqyrymnan keyin sudyng óz aghysymen jaylap aghyp otyz sajyn biyiktikke kóterilgenine senu qiyn. Qanshalyqty tereng bolmasyn, ony jyradan alyp shyghu qaycaqqa týk emes.

Tashkenttikterding yqpalynda bola túryp, qaysaqtar ózderine sonshalyqty qajetti jәne beybit diqanshylyq kәsibin ýirenbeui mýmkin emes edi1.

Qyrghyzdarda óz mindetine mýldem kelmeytin jer jyrtu qúral-jabdyqtarynyng damymaghanyna qaramastan, Úly jýzding qúnarly topyraghy diqannyng enbegin aqtap, tamasha ónim beredi. Kýngey Alatau, Kishi Alatau, Altyn Emel jәne basqa tau basynan týsetin kóptegen ózender suy egistik alqabyn qúbyrlarmen jәne toghandarmen, basqasha aitqanda, Reseyge mýldem belgisiz aryqpen suaru jýiesine әbden qolayly. Múnda jazda janbyr óte az jauady, al mausymda 400R-ge jetetin aptap ystyqta qyrghyz-qaycaqtardyng egistigi aryqtar arqyly suarylmasa kýiip keter edi. Aryqtar jer bederine say óte ynghaylastyrylghan, sondyqtan diqan-qaysaq enbekqorlyghy men kýsh-jigerining arqasynda aptapqa qaramastan, ózining tamasha suarylymy aryqty paydalanyp, ghajap ónim ala alady.

Bastapqy kezde óz kózinmen kórmeyinshe, aryqtardyng jota-qyrlardy kesip ótip, qanday biyiktikke kóteriletinine senu qiyn. Qyrghyz-qaycaqtyng epti qoly óte tereng jyradaghy sudan aryq shygharyp, bir shaqyrymnan keyin sudyng óz aghysymen jaylap aghyp otyz sajyn biyiktikke kóterilgenine senu qiyn. Qanshalyqty tereng bolmasyn, ony jyradan alyp shyghu qaycaqqa týk emes.

Topyraqtyng júmsaqtyghy Sibirde qoldanylatyn soqany talap etpeydi. Egin shyghady-au dep ýmittenetindey mólsherde jerdi jyrtu ýshin shaghyn temir bolsa jetip jatyr. Soqanyng temiri soqa degennen góri alyp temir shege deuge kelinkireydi. Aghashqa soqanyng bir bóligi ghana bekitiledi, al jer eki ógizben jyrtylady. Soqany bizding sibirlik kazaktar siyaqty jasaudy qyrghyz-qaycaqtar bilmeydi jәne ózderine mýldem tanys emes dóngelekterden qorqady. Búl qúraldyng suretin qosa beremin.

Úly jýzde kóbine tary egedi2, ony qyrghyz-qaycaqtar qysta sýt joq kezde paydalanady. Múnda Qytay bidayyn egu jaqyn arada engizildi3, biraq biraz uaqyttan beri qyrghyzdar, әsirese dәulettileri, kýnkórisine jetkilikti mólsherde ghana biday sebedi.

Jalpy diqanshylyq Úly jýzde HVII ghasyrdyng basyndaghy janys ruynyng negizgi basshylarynyng biri Bayghabyl zamanynan bastap payda boldy. Ol qyrghyz-qaycaqtar arasynda óz elinen qashyp kelgen qalmaqtyng kómegimen alghash bolyp egin saldy. Janys ruy qazirgi kýni de ózderin diqanshylyqty ýirengen birinshi ru dep sanaydy jәne ózgelerge qaraghanda búl kәsippen kóp shúghyldanady.

Úly jýzding qúrmetti әri qart adamdarynyng aituynsha, biday búl jaqqa eginshilikpen XVII ghasyrdan tanys qara qyrghyzdar arqyly Qashqardan kelgen. Úly jýzde kelesi túqym týrleri belgili: biday, tary, kýzde jylqylardy semirtuge paydalanatyn jýgeri, songhy kezderi Qytaydan әkelingen jonyshqa, qaraqúmyq, búrshaq, zyghyr, jasymyq, jýgeri jәne qytaylyq kýnjit.

Qara biday jәne maqta ósirumen keybir dәuletti qazaqtar shúghyldanady, biraq búl ósimdikter tәjiriybe kórsetkendey, uaqytynda pispey, tamyz aiynda shyqqa úrynyp, ýsikke shalynyp qaldy.

Tashkentten múnda dóngeleksiz qarapayym diyirmen jasau óneri jetti; qazaqtardyng arasynda búrynnan olardy jasau turaly týsinik bar, al Almaty men Talghar ózenderi bastalatyn Ýlken Alataudyng shatqalynan tabylghan diyirmenning eki tasy kóne diyirmenning bólshekteri ekeni dausyz.

Qaysaq oraghy biraz iyilgen pyshaqqa kóbirek úqsas, jaqsy shyqqan ónimde bir qaysaq kýnine 20-30 bau jasaydy.

Astyq bastyru ógizding kómegimen jýrgiziledi*1, olar kýni boyy jerge jayylghan astyqty qualay basady.

Qyrman aldyn ala su jiberilip ylghaldandyrylghan, artynan qúrghatylyp taptalghan jerde jasalady. Shamasyna qaray qaysaq qyrmangha [belgili shamada] ógizderdi jiberedi, biraq men altydan az bolghanyn kórmeppin.

Taptalghan astyq samal jelding kómegimen әdettegidey elenedi. Eger jel soqpasa, qaysaqtar búrynnan qalyptasqan әdiske jýginedi: bireui astyqty jogharygha shashady, 2-3 ne odan kóp adam qappen jelpip jel túrghyzady, solaysha astyq úshyrylyp keptiriledi. Biraq búl basqa amal joq kezde, taghamgha paydalanatyn eshtene qalmaghanda bolatyn siyrek jaghday, әdette qaysaq búl arada uildep túratyn jelding soghuyn sabyrmen kýtedi.

Ózine qysqy azyqqa qajet tary nemese ózge astyq týrin eseptep alghan qyrghyz-qaycaq ony auylgha әkeledi, әieli onyng barlyghyn qabyghynan tazartady. Búl ýshin taryny [sәl uaqyt] shoyyn qazanda quyryp, kelige týiedi, sodan keyin tazalanghan jәne quyrylghan dәndi (sol ýshin arnayy [jasalghan] myqty jýn) qaptargha salady.

Tarynyng qalghan bóligin úra qazyp, soghan kómedi, ol arada tary qys boyy nemese kerek bolghansha jatady.

Búl maqalany shaghyn sholumen ayaqtay otyryp, Úly jýzde ózge jerlerge qaraghanda bau-baqsha ósiru úghymy kenirek damyghanyn aitugha bolady.

Jýzim, órik, alma*2 jәne ózge jemis aghashtaryn ósiru qazaqtargha, әriyne, búnday kәsip jaqsy damyghan Tashkentten nemese Batys Qytay provinsiyalary Qúlja men Qashghar ólkelerinen kelgen.

Jemis baptaumen qyrghyz-qaycaqtar jana ainalysa bastady dep aitugha bolmaydy, onymen Tashkentten kelgen, ózderin shala qazaqpyz4 dep ataytyn tegi tashkenttikter kelgennen beri ghana qazaqtar ainalysa bastady dep aitugha bolady. Qaysaqtar olargha ózderining baqshalary men jerlerin beruge quana kelisip, olardan bau-baqsha kýtu ónerin ýirenedi.

Baqsha salu qaysaqtar arasynda damyghan dep aitugha bolady. Ol da tashkenttikterden keldi. Baqshadaghy tanaptardy bizdegidey qylyp jasamaydy, úzyndyghy eki arshyn, eni bir jarym arshyn bolatynday shaghyn qylyp salady. Tanaptardy suaru egistiktegidey aryqtardyng kómegimen jýzege asady, әr tanapty iyrektep aralap shyghatyn aryqpen su jýgirtedi. Qiyar men qarbyz otyrghyzatyn tanaptargha kóng tókpeydi, olardy sәbiz ben búrshaq tәrizdi qarapayym әdispen otyrghyzady, aiyrmashylyghy: qiyar men qarbyzdy siyrek sebedi.

Baqsha túqymdastarynan tanymaly: úzyndyghy on jeti qarys bolatyn, pishini týzu emes bolyp keletin qytay qiyary. Onyng úryghy siyrek pisedi. Ol úzyn әri jinishke, bizding qiyarlarday dәmdi emes. Qauyndar Tashkent, Yarkend, Qoqannan keledi, olar óte dәmdi jәne óte ýlken, asqabaq pishindes. Qarbyzdar da dәmdi, olardyng túqymy Tashkent pen Qytaydan әkelinedi. Men búl jaqtan alqyzyl qarbyzdardy kórmedim. Olar óte dәmdi, qantty, sarghylt týsti jәne salmaghy 15-ten 45 funtqa jetedi. Kólemi óte ýlken jәne qatty qabyghymen ol da asqabaqqa úqsaydy.

Ózge túqymdardan belgilisi: ýlken bótelkege úqsaytyn qytay asqabaghy, búl asqabaqtyng moyyny úzyn, qyrghyz-qaycaqtar ony súiyq qúyatyn ydys retinde paydalanady, búrshaq, sary sәbiz, shomyr, qytay temekisi jәne kóptegen basqa daqyldar.

Men búl jerde astyq ósiretin diqandar men bau-baqsha salyp, tannan keshke deyin jaz boyy enbektenetin qyrghyz-qaycaqtar turaly bir auyz sóz aitudy artyq sanamaymyn.

Eginshi - damyl tappay kýni-týni júmys isteytin enbekshi. Kýndiz ol alqapta jýrip, torghaylardy qualaydy, týnde ózining egistigi men baqshasyn maldan qoridy. Ol eshqashanda jalanash tәnin jasyrmaydy, onyng denesi jazdyng ystyq aptabynan adam aitqysyz qarayyp kýiip, qatayyp ketedi.

Onyng tamaghy auylda ishken asynan әldeqayda nashar, kýnine diqan eki kese airandy qanaghat etedi, basqa shaynamasy joq.

Aryqpen egistikti sughara jýrip, ol egindikti temir kýrek nemese ketpenmen aralaydy, onyng mindeti barlyq jýlgelerdi tútas, birdey sugharu, su jýrmegen atyzdargha ýlken tózimmen kýrekpen su shashady. Ol múnday tózimdilikti qytaylardan ýirengen be dep tandanasyn.

Onyng jazghy enbegi astyq bastyrylyp, qapqa salynyp, auylgha әkelingende ayaqtalghan bolyp sanalady. Tek qyrkýiekte ghana búl bayghús diqan jazdaghy beynetti úmytyp, tynysh úiyqtaydy.