Sәrsenbi, 15 Mamyr 2024
Janalyqtar 3315 0 pikir 9 Qyrkýiek, 2013 saghat 07:41

Sharafat Jylqybaeva. Japoniya oralmandary

Jyldar boyy, tipti bir ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt Otanynan shalghay, bolmysy bólek elding arasynda ómir sýre jýrip, atamekenge degen bekem seniminen  bir sәtke de ainymaghan niyeti adal aghayyndargha alghys aitugha tiyispiz. Óitkeni Qazaqstan siyaqty qyr asqan qandastaryn qaytaryp alu sayasatyn jýrgizip otyrghan Germaniyagha qaytqan nemisterding kóbi tól tilin Otanyna oralghan song ýirenude. Olargha Germaniya arnayy til kurstaryn ashyp, sauattandyru qolgha alynghan. 

Qazaqstandaghy jaghdaygha kelsek, qazaq tilin de, әdet-ghúryp sabaghyn da oralmandar jergilikti qazaqtardan artyq biledi. Shekaralas elderdegi qandastarymyzdy aitpay-aq, múhittyng ar jaghyndaghy araldardyng tizbeginen túratyn Japoniyadaghy qazaq otbasy qazaqsha sóilep, ýi-ishin qazaqsha jabdyqtaghanyna tandanugha bolmaydy. Kýnshyghys eli kóshpendiler tәrizdi bauyrmaldyq sezim, újymdyq namys, inabat úghymdary qanmen singendikten, tehnikasy qaryshtap, ekonomikasy damysa da, ejelgi saltynan janylmaudy ózine mindet dep biledi. 

Jyldar boyy, tipti bir ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt Otanynan shalghay, bolmysy bólek elding arasynda ómir sýre jýrip, atamekenge degen bekem seniminen  bir sәtke de ainymaghan niyeti adal aghayyndargha alghys aitugha tiyispiz. Óitkeni Qazaqstan siyaqty qyr asqan qandastaryn qaytaryp alu sayasatyn jýrgizip otyrghan Germaniyagha qaytqan nemisterding kóbi tól tilin Otanyna oralghan song ýirenude. Olargha Germaniya arnayy til kurstaryn ashyp, sauattandyru qolgha alynghan. 

Qazaqstandaghy jaghdaygha kelsek, qazaq tilin de, әdet-ghúryp sabaghyn da oralmandar jergilikti qazaqtardan artyq biledi. Shekaralas elderdegi qandastarymyzdy aitpay-aq, múhittyng ar jaghyndaghy araldardyng tizbeginen túratyn Japoniyadaghy qazaq otbasy qazaqsha sóilep, ýi-ishin qazaqsha jabdyqtaghanyna tandanugha bolmaydy. Kýnshyghys eli kóshpendiler tәrizdi bauyrmaldyq sezim, újymdyq namys, inabat úghymdary qanmen singendikten, tehnikasy qaryshtap, ekonomikasy damysa da, ejelgi saltynan janylmaudy ózine mindet dep biledi. 

Jer kólemi 372 myng sharshy shaqyrymdy qúraytyn, sany 127 mln.  halyq alystaghy aghayyndaryna qúshaghyn aiqara ashuda. Alys-jaqyn shet eldegi 300 myng japon óz Otanynan qazaqtar sekildi qughyn-sýrginning kesirinen ajyraghan joq. Olardyng Braziliya, Portugaliya, Qytay, Koreya, AQSh siyaqty memleketterge qonys audaruynyng basty sebebi — әleumettik jaghday. Ekonomikalyq daghdarys kezinde shet elden júmys izdep, syrtqa ketken japondar Otandyq óndiris jedel damyp, Japoniya әlemning ekonomikalyq kórsetkishi joghary eli retinde aldynghy sanatqa shyqqan son, birtindep atamekenge oraludy oilastyra bastady. 

Damylsyz enbekpen shúghyldanatyn japondar bóten elge barghanda ana tilin úmyta bastaghany ras. Atamekenge kelgende birshama últsyzdanghan qandastargha biylik oryndary qamqorlyq tanytudy qolgha aludy úighardy. Japoniyanyng shetkeri audandarynda túratyn tegi japon shet eldikterding jaghdayy Ýkimetti alandatuda. Oralmandardyng dilsiz, tilsiz úrpaqtaryn ne japonsha, ne shetelshe oqyta almay qaraterge týsken jergilikti basqaru oryndary biraz uaqyt búryn iri audandar men qalalardyng basshylarynyng basyn qosyp jinalys ashqan bolatyn. Mәselening tórkini oralman balalarynyng ana tilin týsinbey dýbәrә kýide qaluynda bolyp otyr. Halqy tolyghymen japonsha sóileytin memlekette bóten elding bolmysymen kelip, syiyp ketu olargha qiyn bolghany ras. Balasynyng keleshegin oilaghan  oralmandar ana tilin ýirenu jóninde joghary jaqqa ótinish jasaghan. 

Sol jinalysta bayandama jasaghan qala basshylary oralmandardyng ortagha beyimdelui turaly pikirlerin aitqan bolatyn. Minokamo qalasynyng әkimining aituynsha, Otanyna qaytushylardyng sany kóbeygen sayyn olardyng balalaryn mektepke ornalastyru, japon tilin ýiretu, qoghamgha beyimdeu tәrizdi mәseleler qiyndap barady.

Yokkaichy qalasynda Braziliyadan kóship kelgen 9000 japon túrady. Olardyng kópshiligi shet el azamattyghynan әli shygha qoymaghan. On jyl búrynghymen salystyrghanda oralmandardyng sany eki ese kóp. Olardyng mektep jasyndaghy balalary japon tilin bilmeydi. Ata saltynan taghdyrdyng jazuymen alystaghan beykýnә úrpaqqa Ýkimet barynsha jaghday jasauda. Búnda japon tilining kurstary júmys isteude. Ana tilin alansyz 3-4 ay oqyghan song bala kәdimgi mektepte oquyn jalghastyrady. Braziliyada tuylghan japon balalary óz tilin mýldem bilmeydi eken. Mekteptegi japonsha oqudy týsinbegen olargha osynday kurstar arnayy ashylghan. Ivata qalasynyng әkimining mәlimdeuinshe, búl balalardyng Otany – Braziliya bolghandyqtan, japon tilin ýirenu olar ýshin onay emes. Qala әkimshiligi oralman balalaryna ana tilin oqytatyn kәsiby múghalimderdi dayarlauda. Oralman balasyna japon tilin ýiretuge jalghyz kisining shamasy jetpeydi. Sondyqtan әr múghalimge eki kómekshiden bólingen. 

Kezinde qazaq baylary kәmpeske, qughyn-sýrginning kesirinen shet elge ausa, japondardyng jat júrtqa ketuine ekonomikalyq daghdarys kezindegi júmyssyzdyq mәjbýrlegen. Mysaly, 1908-1940 jyldar aralyghynda 780 000 japon júmys izdep, teniz asyp ketken. Olardyng tórtten bir bóligi Braziliyagha túraqtaghan. 70 000 halyq Soltýstik Amerikagha qonystansa, II dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin Braziliyada túratyn japondar sany 275 000-gha jetti. Olardyng deni 1980 jyldargha deyin Japoniya ekonomikasy qalpyna týskenshe, shet elde tirshilik etti. 1980 jyldardan bastap, braziliyalyq japondar tughan eline orala bastady. Biraq olardyng qany japon bolghanymen, tili men dili braziliyalyq edi. Býginde Japoniyadaghy braziliyalyqtar sany boyynsha kәris pen qytaydan keyingi ýshinshi orynda túr.  Braziliya­dan atamekenine oralghandar negizinen Gunma jәne Ooita prefekturalaryna ornalasqan. 

 Braziliyada tuylghan japon qyzy Sena Nishiokanyng ata-anasy II dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin Braziliyagha qonys audarghan bolatyn. Sondyqtan onyng tughan jeri – Braziliya, tughan tili – portugal. Biraq Senanyng maqsaty Otanyna qaytse de oralu bolady. Ol shet tilderimen qosa ana tilin de mengere otyryp, tughan eline paydaly ispen ainalysugha bet búrady. San-Pauluda japon tilining múghalimi bolyp júmys isteydi. Isting bastamasy braziliyalyq balalargha japon tilin ýiretip qana qoymay, últtyq mәdeniyet qúndylyqtaryna da beyimdeu ekendigin týsingen Sena Otanyna oralghan song arnayy synyptar ashyp, Oota degen eldi mekendegi júmysshy balalaryna sabaqtar jýrgize bastaghan. Oota – Japoniyadaghy óndiris oryndary kóp shoghyrlanghan, zauyt-fabrikalardyng mekeni bolghandyqtan túrghyndardyng negizgi bóligin júmysshylar qúraydy. Olardyng arasynda braziliyalyq júmysshylar óte kóp. Olar – Japon ekonomikasynyng keleshegine kóz jiberip, balalaryn Braziliyada emes, Kýnshyghys elinde oqytudy maqsat etkender. Biraq tildi jetik mengeru ýshin әleumettik, tildik orta boluy kerek. Ol orta – japon qoghamy, sondyqtan Japoniyadaghy braziliyalyqtar balalaryn japon mektebinde oqytudy jón kóredi. 

Degenmen, Braziliyanyng negizgi tili – portugal tili bolghandyqtan, balalardyng japonsha til syndyruy qiyngha soghuda. Biraq Sena siyaqty naghyz últjandy  múghalimder shet el balalaryna japon tilin ýiretude ýlken yqylaspen kiriskendikten, olardyng tildi mengerip qana qoymay, japon qoghamyna sinip ketui mýmkin. Senanyng mektebinde balalar japonsha jabdyqtalghan synyptarda oqidy, japonnyng últtyq taghamdarymen tamaqtanady. Olargha arnayy salt-dәstýr sabaqtary da ótkizilip túrady. 

Bizding elmen salystyrghanda japon oralmandary ýshin azamattyq alu, túrghyn ýy tabu, júmysqa ornalasu, qújattardy rәsimdeu, t.b. mәseleler kedergi emes. Materialdyq jaghynan qam jemeytin olardy úrpaghynyng ana tilin bilu mәselesi ghana tolghandyrady. Japoniya Ýkimeti shet elden kelgen qandastarynyng últsyzdanghan úrpaqtaryn japondandyrugha baryn saluda. Al Qazaqstandaghy tili de, dili de europalanghan qazaqtar últjandylyqty oralmandardan ýirense jón-au!

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