Sәrsenbi, 15 Mamyr 2024
Janalyqtar 5287 0 pikir 12 Qyrkýiek, 2012 saghat 08:23

Quandyq Shamahayúly. BAQ: yqpaldy әri qozghaushy kýsh

Jyl sayyn qyrkýiek aiynyng segizin әlem jurnalisteri ózderining halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq kýni retinde atap ótedi. Osy kýni býgingi tanda qogham ómirinde eleuli oryn iyelenip ýlgergen halyqaralyq jurnalistika atty erekshe әleumettik instituttyng damu joldaryna bir sәt kóz jýgirtip, oy bólisudi jón kórdik.

Ótken jýzjyldyq qogham ómirinde búqaralyq aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng atqaratyn mindetining barghan sayyn arta týskendigin aiqyndap berdi. Áleumettik týbegeyli betbúrystar, búryn-sondy bolmaghan tehnikalyq progresterding ghasyry aqparat salasynda birneshe tyng qadamdar jasady. Onyng ózi adam balasynyng ózara qarym-qatynasyna janasha lep әkelip, kýndelikti tirshilik tynysynda ózgeshe baylanystyng qalyptasuyna yqpal etti. Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng damuy әleumettik ómirge ýnemi janasha sapalyq ózgeristerdi әkelip,  qoghamdaghy aqparat aghynynyng ayasyn keneytti. Alayda, atalmysh ýrdis birkelki jýrilmegendigimen erekshelenedi.

Jyl sayyn qyrkýiek aiynyng segizin әlem jurnalisteri ózderining halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq kýni retinde atap ótedi. Osy kýni býgingi tanda qogham ómirinde eleuli oryn iyelenip ýlgergen halyqaralyq jurnalistika atty erekshe әleumettik instituttyng damu joldaryna bir sәt kóz jýgirtip, oy bólisudi jón kórdik.

Ótken jýzjyldyq qogham ómirinde búqaralyq aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng atqaratyn mindetining barghan sayyn arta týskendigin aiqyndap berdi. Áleumettik týbegeyli betbúrystar, búryn-sondy bolmaghan tehnikalyq progresterding ghasyry aqparat salasynda birneshe tyng qadamdar jasady. Onyng ózi adam balasynyng ózara qarym-qatynasyna janasha lep әkelip, kýndelikti tirshilik tynysynda ózgeshe baylanystyng qalyptasuyna yqpal etti. Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng damuy әleumettik ómirge ýnemi janasha sapalyq ózgeristerdi әkelip,  qoghamdaghy aqparat aghynynyng ayasyn keneytti. Alayda, atalmysh ýrdis birkelki jýrilmegendigimen erekshelenedi.

HH ghasyrdaghy aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng alghashqy qadamy joghary damyghan elderde HIH ghasyrdyng sonynda merzimdi baspasóz ómirinde jasalghan shúghyl betbúrys arqyly kórinis tapty. At tóbelindey azghana oqyrmangha ghana qyzmet etken, taralu aumaghy tym tar bolghan merzimdi baspasóz ózining 300 jyldyq tarihynda túnghysh ret búqarany jaulap aldy da, ghasyrlar toghysynda aqparattyng manyzdy qúralyna ainaldy. Áleumettik, tehnologiyalyq, ekonomikalyq keshendi faktordyng yqpalymen merzimdi baspasózde jana sapalyq ózgeris payda boldy. Osylaysha jurnalistikanyng әleumettik institut retindegi manyzdylyghynyng kýrt artuyna jol ashyldy. Qalyng búqara jappay sauat ashyp, býkilhalyqtyq saylau jýiesining engizilui ózge qoghamdyq instituttarmen salystyrghanda jurnalistikanyng qoghamdyq-sayasy ýrdiske yqpal etu qabiletin arttyrdy.

Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng ekinshi qadamy retinde radionyng ómirge keluin atap aitugha bolady. HH ghasyrdyng basynda dauys, dybyspen auyzsha aqparat jetkizetin «symsyz habarshy» radionyng baylanys salasyndaghy jana qúralgha ainaluy jurnalistika tarihyndaghy jana qúbylys boldy. 1920-30 jyldary radiohabar keng tarap, milliondaghan tyndaushyny qamtyghan kópke yqpaly zor jana arna qalyptasty. Jýre kele merzimdi baspasóz ben radiohabar arasynda birlesken is qimyl men bәsekege negizdelgen tendik ústanymy tudy.

Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng ýshinshi qadamyna kelsek, beyneli aqparat jetkizuge arnalghan tәjiriybelik isting alys qashyqtyqtaghy kenistikke túraqty týrde telehabar tarata alatyn jaghdaygha auysuy edi. Nәtiyjesinde televiziya atty tehnika búqaralyq aqparat qúralyna ainalyp shygha keldi. Eluinshi jyldary televiziyanyng BAQ  bolyp qalyptasuy - merzimdi baspasóz ben radiohabar arasyndaghy tepe-tendikting búzyluyna әkelip soghyp, jaghdaydy ózgertip jiberdi. Televiziya ózining qalyptasuynyng songhy satysynda әlemning kóptegen elderinde eng kóp auditoriyagha ie boldy. Sonymen qatar dybys pen dauystyn, mәtinnin, qimyl-qozghalys pen beynening kómegi arqyly yqpal etu qabileti zor aqparattyng basty qúralyna ainaldy. Televiziyanyng qarqyndy zor sekiristeri merzimdi baspasóz ben radiony belgili dengeyde bolsa da daghdarysqa úshyratyp, telehabarlarmen bәsekelestikting jana jaghdayyna beyimdeluine, tyng izdenistermen basqasha tәsilmen júmys isteulerine iytermeledi.

Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng tórtinshi qadamy HH ghasyrdyng songhy 25 jylynda bastaldy. Osy tústa televiziya aqparatynyng qamtu ayasy týbirimen ózgergendigimen erekshelenedi. Gharyshtyq jәne kabeldik televiziya kýshti damyp, asa kóp mólsherde aqparat jinaugha, saqtaugha jәne býkil dýniyejýzine jedel taratugha tolyq mýmkindigi bar kompiuterlik jýiening payda boluy jurnalistikanyng damuyn jana satygha kóterdi. Atalmysh jýiening mýmkindigi - mәtinnin, dauys pen dybystyng jәne beyneli aqparattyng sol sәtte jedel taraytyndyghynda edi. Osy sipatymen ol dәstýrli BAQ-ta bolmaghan aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng tyng әri jan-jaqty, belsendi túrpatyn qogham ómirine әkelgen bolatyn.

Sekseninshi jyldardyng alghashqy jartysynda «әlemdi jaylaghan ghalamtor» - kompiuterlik jýiening әleuetti damuy 90-jyldardyng orta túsynda milliondaghan adamdar ýshin búryn-sondy ómirde bolmaghan asa iri aqparattyq bazalargha enulerine mýmkindik berdi. 2000 jyldyng basynda әlemning ekijýz million túrghyny onlayn aqparattyq jýiege ense, kelesi alty jylda olardyng sany 800 milliongha jetken. Qysqa merzim ishinde myndaghan jýiedegi onlayn baspasóz әlemning qay búryshynda ekendigine qaramastan jýieni paydalanushylargha qalaghan sәtinde jetkizilip túruy búrynghy kezben salystyrghanda iri jetistik ekeni ras.

1996 jyldan bastap elektrondyq jurnalistika qarqyndy damyp, ainalasy bir ghana jyldyng ishinde AQSh-ta osy jýiede 1300 onlayn gazet, jurnal óz isin jýrgize bastaghan. Sonymen 400 kýndelikti gazetting jәne jýzdegen jurnaldardyng elektrondyq núsqasy payda bolghan jәne onnan astam kýndelikti elektrondyq basylym janadan shygha bastaghan. 2000 jyldyng basynda AQSh-ta kýndelikti shyghatyn 1500 gazet, 18 myng jurnal ózderining jeke Web sayttaryn ashqan. Jýzdegen aqparattyq agenttikter, telekompaniyalar, radiostansiyalar Web-toraptargha ie boldy.

Kompiuterlik jýiening jyldamdyqpen damuy HH ghasyrdaghy aqparat qúraldarynan mýlde ózgeshe sandyq tehnologiyagha kóshken, jana qúralgha negizdelgen jahandanu zamanynyng aqparttyq kenistigin qúryp otyr.  Býginde Internette keng masshtabtaghy aqparattyq bazasy bar, dauys-dybysymen saqtalghan, keri baylanys ornatylghan mulitiymedianyng barlyq sipatyn ón boyyna sinirgen «onlayn - gazetter» men «onlayn - jurnaldar» payda boldy. Zertteushilerding aldaghyny boljaularynsha, kompiuterlik aqparattyq qatynas jýiesining kómegi arqyly merzimdi baspasóz, radio, televiziya ýsheuining ózara birigip, bir-birine sinisu ýrdisi jýrilmek.

Sekseninshi jyldary Amerika ghalymy A.Toffler óndiristik progresting nәtiyjesinde payda bolghan keng arnadaghy aqparat qabyldaushylargha arnalghan dәstýrli BAQ-tyng dәureni bitti, endi óndiristen keyingi әleumettik aqparat qabyldaushylardyng әrtýrli toptaryna arnalghan «mikro oqyrman-tyndaushy-kórermenderge» úsynylatyn aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng jana qúraldarynyng kýni tudy degen tújyrym jasaghan. BAQ-tyng toptastyryluyn tejeu yaghni, aqparat qabyldaushylardyng qajettilikteri men súranystaryna say belgili bir salalar men toptargha bólinu ýrdisi әleumettik sebepterdin, tehnologiyalyq progrestin, jarnama biznesining erekshelikterine baylanysty tuyndaydy. Belgili bir baghyt boyynsha salalargha bólingen ondaghan arnalary bar gharyshtyq jәne kabeldik televiziyanyng keng óris aluy aqparat qabyldaushylardyng toptargha bólinulerine eleuli yqpal etip otyr. Sonymen birge taghy bir әser etushi faktor - tútynushylar naryqtyng әrtýrli әrtýrli salalaryna qyzyghatyny, týrli baghyttaghy qajettilikter men súranystar jәne sosiologiyalyq zertteulerge negizdelgen salalyq jarnama tehnologiyalarynyng ómirge dendep enui. Atalmysh ýrdis әlemdi torlaghan kompiuterlik jýie damyghan sayyn kýsh alu baghyty bayqalyp otyr.

Aqparat qabyldaushylardyng belgili bir ýlgisining qalyptasuyna yqpal etken jurnalistikanyng kommersiyalyq sipaty barghan sayyn terendep, elektrondyq aqparat qúraly atty merzimdi baspasózding asa kýshti bәsekelesining tuuy Batys Europa men AQSh media salasynyng damuyna daghdarystyng úshqynyn tastady. Bәsekelestik barysynda algha shyqqan baspasózding jetekshilik oryngha jayghasuy daghdyrystyng tuyndauyna sebep boldy. Aytalyq, Niu-York merzimdi baspasózi men jarnama naryghynda bir kezde onshaqty kýndelikti gazet bәsekelesip kelgen bolsa, 90-jyldardyng basynda nebary tórt-aq gazet qalghan. Shyn mәninde, Niu-Yorkting naryghynda kýndelikti «The New York Times» gazeti ghana biylep-tóstep, kommersiyalyq qyzmet pen jarnama tabysynyng kóp bóligin iyemdenip otyr. Múnday kórinister Europanyng iri qalarynyng barlyghyna derlik tәn. Ásiriese, sayasy partiyalardyng basylymdary Europada óte auyr jaghdaygha tap bolyp, oqyrmandarynyng sany kýnnen kýnge azaya týsude. Germaniyada búryn kóp tirajben jaryq kóretin jýzge tarta gazet bolsa, 90-jyldary jalghyz gazet, yaghni, Demokratiyalyq sosializm partiyasynyng «Meues Deutshland»-sy ghana qalghany jogharyda aitqanymyzgha dәlel bolsa kerek.

1978 jyly Europa kenesi parlamentining assambleyasy osy aumaqtaghy merzimdi baspasózding damuynda daghdarystyng payda bolghanyn moyynday otyryp,  gazet, jurnaldargha memleket tarapynan qoldau qajet degen qorytyndygha kelgen. Assambleya baspasóz redaksiyalaryna, ony shygharushylargha dotasiya beriluin, pochta, baylanys, salyq, keden jәne ózge de jenildikterding jasaluyn úsynys etken. Osy sayasatty jýzege asyrghan elder býginde belgili nәtiyjelerge jetip otyr. Gollandiya, Norvegiya, Avstriya sekildi elderde barlyq kýndelikti gazetterge qarjylyq qoldau kórsetiledi. Shvesiyada memleketting kómegining arqasynda sosial-demokrattardyng «Arbetet» (enbek), konservativterding «Svenska Dagbiadet» (Shvesiyanyng kýndizgi gazeti) degen eki iri sayasy gazetti saqtap qaludyng mýmkindigi tughan. Shvesiyada jergilikti gazetterdi qoldaudyng arnayy baghdarlamasy jýzege asyrylsa, Gollandiyada 1974 jyldan gazet, jurnaldargha kómek kórsetudi kózdeytin Baspasóz, aqparat qory júmys isteydi.  Avstriya, Angliya, Gollandiya, Norvegiya, Fransiya elderinde BAQ-gha pochta men baylanys qyzmetteri arqyly jenildik jasalatyndyqtan ekonomikalyq jaghynan paydaly júmys isteuge qolghabys tiygizedi. Ýkimet ornynan kórsetiletin qarjylyq qoldaular men әrtýrli jenildikter redaksiyanyng derbestigin qamtamasyz etuge, baspasózdegi pikiraluandyqty saqtaugha jәne BAQ-tyng ortalyqtandyryluynan tuyndaytyn keri jaylardy shekteuge kómektesedi.

Kóz aldymyzda keng óris alyp, qaryshtap damyp kele jatqan kompiuterlik aqparat qatynasy jýiesi, habarlardyng sandyq tehnologiyasy men aqparattyng toptastyryluy baspasóz qúraldarynyng dәstýrli kelbetin týbirimen ózgertti. Alayda, HH ghasyr jurnalistikasynyng damuynda kezdesip otyrghan keybir qayshylyqtar men ózekti mәseleler tolyqtay sheshimin tapqan joq. HH ghasyrdyng sonynda әlemning kóptegen elderinde BAQ-tyng kommersiyalyq qúral retinde kórinis tabuy birshama kýsh aldy. Gazet, jurnal basu, baghdarlama dayyndau ýrdisi aqparattyq óndiristing salasyna ainalyp, tútynushylardyng naryqtyq talaptaryna boy úrghan iskerlik sipat, tiyimdi júmys isteuge baghyttalghan menedjment, marketing standarttary engizilude. AQSh aqparat salasy qyzmetkerlerinin  «Amerikanyng aqparattyq óndirisi - biznes» dep mәlimdeuleri kezdeysoqtyq bolmasa kerek. Batys Europanyng ózinde BAQ-ty - «media-óndiris», jurnalisterding tuyndylaryn naryqtaghy ózge tauarlarmen birdey «media-ónim» dep ataytyn boldy.

Kommersiyalyq baghyttaghy jurnalistikada (profilt seeking) jurnalist pen baspasóz, aqparat qúraly belgili bir naryqqa qyzmet etuge tiyis degen dýniyetanym ornyqsa, dәstýrli jurnalistikada eng aldymen azamattargha, qoghamdyq sanagha nemese jeke túlghalar bolyp tabylatyn oqyrmandargha jol tartugha tiyis delinedi.

Jurnalistikanyng kommersiyalyq sipaty basymdyq tanytyp otyrghan kezende naryq mehanizmderi arqyly jýzege asyrylatyn BAQ pen jurnalisting qyzmetin ekonomikalyq túrghydan ýilestiru manyzdy mindet atqarady. Naryq qysymynyng ózi bәsekelestik ayasynda qyzmetin jýrgizip otyrghan BAQ pen jurnalisting artyqshylyghyn jәne «oyyn erejesin» anyqtap beretindigimen erekshelenedi. Kommersiyalyq faktordyng qazirgi BAQ-tyng qyzmetine qalay әser etip otyrghanyn Amerika jurnalistikasynan anyq kóruge bolady. Toqsanynshy jyldardyng ortasynda atalmysh elding gazetteri óz budjetining 80 payyzyn jarnamadan, 20 payyzyn jazylushylar men satudan týsken aqshadan qúraghan. Yaghni, jarnama berushiler men oqyrmandardyng gazet qarjy kózin qúraudaghy ara  salmaghy 4:1 bolyp ózgergen. Jarnamanyng osynshama zor yqpaly baspasózding mazmúnyna da әser etip, meyilinshe oqyrman qauymnyng nazaryn audaratynday materialdar jariyalaudy kózdeytin boldy. Aytalyq, 90-jyldardyng basynda AQSh gazeti tilshilerinin  19 payyzy sport, 8 payyzy qylmys jәne sot isi jayyndaghy mәseleler, 7 payyzy biznes taqyryby boyynsha arnayy mamandanghan. Olay bolsa, qoghamdyq, әleumettik jәne bilim mәseleleri boyynsha mamandanushylar nebary tórt-aq payyzdy qúraghan.

HH ghasyrdyng songhy 25 jylynda kommersiyalyq televiziya birshama qaryshtap damumen qatar aqyly habarlar, baghdarlamalar әzirleu kóptep qolgha alynghan. Dәl osy ýrdis býginde Europa odaghy elderi qauymynyng bas auruyna ainaldy. Memleket, ýkimet tarapynan qoghamdyq televiziyany damytu, qoldauda naqty qadamdar jasalyp ta jatyr. Alayda, qalasa da, qalamasa da kommersiyalyq televiziyamen bәsekelesuge mәjbýr qoghamdyq telekompaniyalar jarnama men kommersiyalyq qyzmetting jabyq formalaryn keninen paydalanugha kóshti.

Songhy 20 jylda iri telekompaniyalar búqaranyng nazaryn  erekshe audaratyn shou baghdarlamalar, sporttyq sayystar sekildi oqighalardy birynghay kórsetumen ainalysatyn qúqyqqa ie bolulary jii bayqaluda. Múnday qúqyqtardy kóbinese qarjy, ekonomikalyq mýmkindikteri myqty kommersiyalyq telekompaniyalardyng iyelenip jatuy qoghamdyq televiziyanyng qyzmetine keri әserin tiygizip otyr.

Jurnalistikatanushylardyng tújyrymdaularynsha, BAQ-tyng kommersiyalyq sipaty barghan sayyn terendep, kompiuterlik jýieni keninen paydalanuy HH ghasyrdyng sonynda bay men kedeyding qayshylyghy arasynda aqparatpen qamtamasyz etu degen taghy bir iri ólshemning kelip qosyluyna týrtki boldy. Oqyrmandardyng bir bóligi internetten bastap, barlyq aqparat kózderi men arnalardy paydalansa, kelesi toby aqsha-qarajattyng tapshylyghynan aqparat qabyldau mýmkindikteri óte shekteuli bolyp otyr.

HH ghasyrda әlemning ónerkәsibi joghary damyghan elderining BAQ-ynyng damuyndaghy eleuli bir kórinis - olardyng sanauly iri konsernderding iyeligine shoghyrlanuy bolyp otyr. HIH-HH ghasyrlar toghysynda AQSh-ta, Angliyada, Germaniyada, Fransiyada payda bolghan monopoliyalyq birlestikter ótken ghasyrdyng bastapqy jartysynda óz elderining media naryghynda jetekshi oryndargha shyqqan.

Dýniyejýzilik ekinshi soghystan keyin Batys elderinde media-korporasiyalar aqparattyq emes iri kompaniyalarmen qyzmettik baylanystar qúruy iri media-korporasiyalardyng payda boluyna týrtki bolghan. Olar әlemdik aqparat naryghyna enu maqsatymen is qyzmetterin elaralyq baghytqa búrghan. Býginde aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng eng songhy ýlgidegi tehnologiyasyn paydalanatyn qarjy, ekonomikalyq iri bazaly korporasiyalar halyqaralyq aqparat naryghynda aldynghy qatarda jýr. Olardyng is qyzmetining býkilәlemdi qamty bastauy aqparat óndirisining jahandanuy bolsa kerek.

Iri media-korporasiyalargha qarasty AQSh-tyng «International Gerald Tribune», «USA Today», «Wall Street Journal», Angliyanyng «Financial Times», Fransiyanyng «Le Monde», Germaniyanyng «Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung» gazetteri jәne «Time», «Newsweek», «Readers Digest» (AQSh) jurnaldary syndy merzimdi baspasóz әlemning kóp elderine iri tirajben taratyluda. Olardyng kóbining shet elderge arnalghan núsqalary bar. Ishinara oqyrmandardyng erekshelikterine say jergilikti últtardyng tilderinde de jaryq kóredi. Osy sipattaghy gazet, jurnaldardyng әlemde kóptep tarala bastauy «halyqaralyq» nemese «jahandanu» baghytyndaghy merzimdi baspasózding jana ýlgisining qalyptasyp kele jatqandyghy jayynda tújyrym jasaugha zertteushilerdi iytermelep otyr.

Qazirgi tanda bәsekelestikting jaghdayy asa kýrdeli sipatqa enip, jana zamandaghy aqparattyq biznesting halyqaralyq túrpatqa kóshui aldaghy uaqytta media-konsernderding birigip, úlghaya týsu baghytyn anghartady. Amerika jurnalistikatanushylarynyng mәlimetterine qaraghanda, 80-jyldardyng basynda әlemdik mass-media salasynda 50 iri korporasiya algha shyqqan bolsa, búl san 1989 jyly - 29, 1990 jyly - 23, 1992 jyly - 14, 1997 jyly - 10 bolyp azayghan eken.

2000 jyldyng bastapqy jartysynda әlemning aqparat naryghynda bar-joghy alty-aq konsern jetekshi orynda bolghan. Sol altaudyng besining ortalyghy AQSh-ta, bireui ghana Germaniyada edi. Búl 1998 jyly әlemning eng iri baspasóz oryndarynyng biri «Rendom Haus»-ty satyp alghannan keyin jahandyq media jýiege ainalghan «Bertelisman» konserni bolatyn.

Toqsanynshy jyldardyng sonynda әlem aqparat naryghynda algha shyqqan elaralyq korporasiya - «Taym-Uorner» boldy. Onyng ayasynda Ternerding «CNN News Group», kónil kóteruge arnalghan televiziyanyng kabeldik jýiesi, NVO-nyng aqparattyq jәne әdebiy-kórkem baghdarlamalar arnasy, sazdy әuendik «Warner Musik Group», «New Line Cinema» kino kompaniyasy, kóptegen baspalar, kitap dýkenderi, kitapqúmarlardyng kluby, Internettegi jýzdegen onlayn basylymdar, Web sayttar qyzmet jýrgizedi. 2000 jyly qantarda «Taym-Uorner» men «Amerikan Onlayn»  korporasiyasynyng birigui iri mega-konsernge ainalugha jol  ashty. Olar birden HHI ghasyrdy «Internet dәuiri» bolady dep jariyalaghan. Jana konsernning qataryna 33 iri jurnal, NVO, CNN, TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network jәne ózge ondaghan BAQ, kino kompaniyalar, «Compuserve», «Netscape» sekildi kompiuterlik aqparat qatynas jýiesi kiredi.

Ekinshi basty media-konsern - «Uolt-Disney». Onyng qataryna jýzdegen aqparat qúraldarymen qatar әlemning eng iri telekompaniyasy amerikandyq AVS kiredi. Jogharyda atalghan iri altaudyng qataryna «Ghoh» telejýiesi, «Fox News Channel»-ding iyesi R.Merdoktyng «Niuz korporzyshn», NBC telejýiesi, CNBC kabeldik jýiening menshik iyesi «Jeneral Elektriyk» konserni, tәulik boyy habar taratatyn kabeldik televiziyanyng MSNBC arnany menshikteytin «Maykrosoft» korporasiyalary jatqyzylady.

Jurnalistika «info-noo» ayasyndaghy kóriniske ainaldy degen sóz jii estiletin boldy. Aqparattyq qatynas jýiesining jahandanuy býkilәlem halyqtary mәdeniyetining ózara yqpal etuine, bayytylyp damuyna, aqparatty dýniyening qay búryshyna da jedel jetkizuge layyqtalghan ashyq qoghamnyng qalyptasuyna qolayly jaghday tudyryp otyr. Sonymen qatar elder men halyqtardyng mәdeniyetin, salt-dәstýrin, ózindik erekshelikterin joghaltuyna, sanasyn bir qalypqa salyp tenestiruine yqpal etui de ghajap emes.

Búqaralyq aqparat qarym-qatynasynyng tarihy damuy qayshylyqqa toly, kýrdeli bolsa da qazirgi  órkeniyet ýshin onyng alar orny, manyzdylyghy  erekshe ekendigi dau tudyrmasa kerek. Jurnalistika adamzat taghdyryna manyzdy yqpal jasaumen qatar onyng aqparatynyng jahandyq kenistigi qalyptasyp keledi.

Aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng jahandyq jýiesi payda bolyp, is qimylynyng qarqyn aluy adam qolymen jasalghan jahandyq aumaqtyng belgili bóligi derbestenip «noo sfera»-ny, onyng aqparattyq ayasyn tudyryp otyr. Búl jayynda reseylik ghalym E.A.Kornilovtyng «Aqparattyq noo-sfera - adam balasynyng jasaghan bilimi, tanymy sekildi ruhaniyattyn, órkeniyettik damudyn, jana tehnologiyanyng jetistigi, qoghamdyq mәdeny damudyng nәtiyjesi әri jurnalistika teoriyasynyng men keybir naqty ghylymy zertteuding keshendi nysandarynyng biri bolugha tiyis» - dep erekshe atap kórsetkeni bar.

Osylaysha, býkilәlemde jurnalistika aqparaty yqpaldy әri iri qozghaushy kýshke ainalyp otyr.

«Abay-aqparat»

0 pikir

Ýzdik materialdar

Qúiylsyn kóshing

Bas gazet oralmandargha nege shýilikti?

Álimjan Áshimúly 2032
Ádebiyet

«Solay emes pe?»

Ghabbas Qabyshúly 2469
Qogham

Dos kóp pe, dúshpan kóp pe?

Ábdirashit Bәkirúly 2049
El ishi...

Últtyq biregeylenu: Qandastardyng róli qanday?

Omarәli Ádilbekúly 1592