Dәuit Shomfay Qara - Majarstan Ghylym akade­miya­sy Etnografiya instiy­tu­tynyng agha ghylymy qyz­metkeri. Ol majarlyq ataqty týrkolog ghalym Eshtvan Qonyrdyng shәkirti bolyp tabylady Dәuit jas kezinde Qazaqstanda túryp, qazaq tilin mengergen, ózin qypshaqtekti azamat sanaydy.

- Dәuit myrza, etnografiya ghylymy boyynsha neni zerttep jýrsiz?

- Meni qyzyqtyratyny, ata-babam qypshaqtardyng nanym-senimi. Kәzir qalyptasqan birshama ghylymy tújyrymdy joqqa shygharu ýstindemin. Birinshiden, «Qazaqtardyng dini -shamanizm, baqsylyq» degen tújyrym ebrosentristik kózqarastan shyqqan. Eger qazaqtardyng óz dini bolghanda, ebrosentristik taraptan ony talqandau qolgha alynar edi. Al, tabighattyng kýshin mengeruding dinge qanday qatysy bar? Baqsylyq degenimiz - sol, tabighy qúdyretti mengeru, ol dinge qatyssyz.

Ekinshi jaghynan, qazaqtardy músylmangha jaqyn tútpau pighyly da boldy. Osydan kelip, «olardyng dini -shamanizm, baqsylyq rәsimder» degen pighyl ústaldy.Shyn mәninde, ata-babamyz tabighy jaratylys qúdyretterin mengergen, olar jay ghana senimdi talghajau etip qoymaghan.

- Sonda baqsylyq - monoteizm belgisi me?

- Joq, menimshe, búl jaratylystan bar tylsym kýshti mengeru qabyleti.Ol - asa qabyletti, sezimtal adamdargha tәn, dinnen tys qúbylys. Búl qúbylys adamnyng qay dinge qatystylyghyna qaramaydy, onyng qabyletine qaraydy.

Dәuit Shomfay Qara - Majarstan Ghylym akade­miya­sy Etnografiya instiy­tu­tynyng agha ghylymy qyz­metkeri. Ol majarlyq ataqty týrkolog ghalym Eshtvan Qonyrdyng shәkirti bolyp tabylady Dәuit jas kezinde Qazaqstanda túryp, qazaq tilin mengergen, ózin qypshaqtekti azamat sanaydy.

- Dәuit myrza, etnografiya ghylymy boyynsha neni zerttep jýrsiz?

- Meni qyzyqtyratyny, ata-babam qypshaqtardyng nanym-senimi. Kәzir qalyptasqan birshama ghylymy tújyrymdy joqqa shygharu ýstindemin. Birinshiden, «Qazaqtardyng dini -shamanizm, baqsylyq» degen tújyrym ebrosentristik kózqarastan shyqqan. Eger qazaqtardyng óz dini bolghanda, ebrosentristik taraptan ony talqandau qolgha alynar edi. Al, tabighattyng kýshin mengeruding dinge qanday qatysy bar? Baqsylyq degenimiz - sol, tabighy qúdyretti mengeru, ol dinge qatyssyz.

Ekinshi jaghynan, qazaqtardy músylmangha jaqyn tútpau pighyly da boldy. Osydan kelip, «olardyng dini -shamanizm, baqsylyq rәsimder» degen pighyl ústaldy.Shyn mәninde, ata-babamyz tabighy jaratylys qúdyretterin mengergen, olar jay ghana senimdi talghajau etip qoymaghan.

- Sonda baqsylyq - monoteizm belgisi me?

- Joq, menimshe, búl jaratylystan bar tylsym kýshti mengeru qabyleti.Ol - asa qabyletti, sezimtal adamdargha tәn, dinnen tys qúbylys. Búl qúbylys adamnyng qay dinge qatystylyghyna qaramaydy, onyng qabyletine qaraydy.

- Yrymnyng búghan qatysy joq pa?

- Yrym nanym-senimge qatysty jәne keybiri әlgi baqsylyq ýderisterden tuyndaghan. Mysaly, qazaq ta, qyrghyz da «Aynalyp keteyin» dep sýisinip jatady. Ol neden? Baqsylar (shaman) Nauqasty emdegende, ony ainala jýrip, auruyn ózine alyp, odan qútylu jolyn jasaydy. Osydan kelip, ol «aynalayyn» degen yrymdyq sózge úlasyp ketken, al ýderis kómeskilengen.

- Al, shaman men baqsynyng aiyrmasy bar ma?

- Ekeui eki basqa dýniye! Baqsy ýshin músylmandyq qúndylyqtar jat emes.Olar músylman әruaqtardy da shaqyryp, olardy ýderiske sala beredi. «Otyrarda - otyz bap, Týrkistanda - týmen bap, eng ýlkeni -Arystan bap» delinetin tirkes baqsylargha tәn.Sóitip, baqsylyq ýderis músylmandyq nysandardy da paydalana beredi.Sonda qazaqtar ejelgi senimin tәrk etpesten, jana dinmen úshtastyra bilgen. Islam dogmalaryn búrynghy senimmen qabystyrghan. Mysaly, monghol baqsylary buddalyq qúndylyqtardy ainalysqa qosqan. Al, shamandyq músylmangha  deyingi tabighy qúbylys atributtary men qúndylyqtaryna tәueldi. Soghan qaraghanda, shamandyq monoteizmge deyingi joralghylarynyng taza saqtalghan týri bolyp tabylady.

Qazaqtyng ejelgi senimi boyynsha әrbir nәrsening qúty bar delinedi. «Qút» úghymy asa ejelgi týrkilik tanym júrnaghy. Aghashtyn, tastyn, adamnyn, aiuannyng qúty bar delinedi...

- Sonda qút degenimiz - jan ba?

- Joq, jan shyghyp ketse - ólesing ghoy.Qút - bayyrghy týrkilerding týsiniginde ishki kýsh-qayrat, quat. «Qútty bolsyn!» degende jandy quat boluyn tileu jatyr, ol bolmasa adam auyryp qalady, jansyz nәrse bayansyz bolady degendey.

- Sonda ol, kәzirgishe aura siyaqty ghoy.

- IYә, aura siyaqty. «Qúty qashty» degen tirkes bar. Mysaly, baqsylar ózining qútyn júmsap, aqparat alady, basqa jerde jýrgendey adam kózine kórinedi. Keyde, týsinde bir jaqqa baratynyndy aldyn ala kóresin, sonda qútyng baryp kórip keledi.Sóitip, týske ainalady.Keyde bir jerdi búryn kórgendey bolasyn, demek, onda sening qútyng búryn bolyp ketkeni. Al, shamandar, baqsylar adamnyng qútyn qashyra da, keltire de alady. Qazaqta «qút qúng» degen rәsim bar, shoshymaly balanyng basyna su toly ydys tosyp, oghan balqytyp qorghasyn qúyady. Sonda shoshymaly bolghan balanyng qashqan qúty qalpyna keledi. «Kel qútym, kel! Suda bolsan, sudan kel; Jelde bolsang jelden kel! Qúray,qúray, qúray!» deydi.Búl bashqúrttarda da, mongholdarda da bar. Búnyng astarynda, eger de qútty mengeretin bolsanyz, kez kelgen jandy-jansyzdyng kýsh-quatyn mengeresing degen ilimning astary bar.

- Endeshe búl ata-babamyzdyng materiyanyng kez kelgen kýiin mengere alghandyghy degen sóz ghoy!

- Solay.Bizding ata-babamyz asa keremet bilimdi iygergen.Al, búl -shamanizm emes, óitkeni, «shaman» degen asa qabyletti adam ghoy, ol qalay «shamanizm» atalatyn din bolmaq? Sol sekildi «lamaizm» degen termin de dúrys emes, lama da adam ghoy, din adamgha qalay tәueldi bolmaq? Mysaly, islamdy «Moldaizm» degen syqyldy kýlkili nәrse ghoy. Molda - islamnyng qyzmetkeri, lama - buddizmning qyzmetkeri degendey. Búnyng bәri ebropalyq qate úghymdar ghoy...

Jalpy, otbasynyn, shanyraqtyng qúty bolady. Keyin músylmandyq kelgende araptyng «bereke» sózi qabattasqan, «qút-bereke» dep qos sóz kýiinde aitady qazaq, biraq maghynasy sol - «qút»! Biraq onyng bes-alty auyspaly maghynasy bar.

- Naqtylay aitqanda, sizding zertteu nysanynyz ne?

- Men kәzir eki enbekti qatar jazyp jýrmin: qazaq-qyrghyzdyng baqsylyghy turaly jәne sibir týrkilerining shamandyghy jayynda.

Zertteu barysynda bir bayqaghanymdy aitayyn: baqsylyq pen jyraulyq óte tyghyz úghym. Mysaly, jyraulyqty ýiretu mýmkin emes, ol ayan arqyly nemese bata beru arqyly daridy. Manghystauda Múryn jyrau bolghan, men onyng balasymen jolyqtym.Ol bala kezinde myqtap auyrady, sodan bir kýni qolyna dombyra ústap shertip, jyrlay bastaydy. Sóitip, oghan jyraulyq qasiyet daridy.

Jyraular myndaghan jol ólendi qalay jattaydy, kәzirgidey jattasa, milary ashyp keter edi. Olarda erekshe qasiyet bar. Baqsylargha ayan berilgendey, olargha da әruaqtar ayan arqyly darytady. Jyraular jattamaydy, kóz aldyna elestegen kóriniske ilesip otyrady. Áruaqtar oghan jәrdemdesedi. Sonday «әruaqty» jastardy izdep jýrmin, zertteuime jәrdem eter edi.

- Jas kezimizde ýidi ne adamdy ainalghan balagha ata-anamyz jekirip, ainaldyrmaytyn. Sebebi ne dep oilaysyz?

- Aynaludy tek qana baqsy atqaruy kerek, al qarapayym kisi nemese balalar bireuding auruyn ózine jamap aluy yqtimal. Sosyn tyiym salynghan. Sol sebepti, «Aynalyp keteyin» degen sózde «qúrbanyng bolayyn» degen maghyna bar. Bizde, majarda ony «Aynaru» deydi.

- Qyzyq eken. Ángimenizge rahmet!

Ángimelesken - Shәriphan Qaysar