Derektanu ghylymynyng talaptaryna say tarihy derek kózderinin  manyzdylyghyn anyqtau,birinshiden, zertteushige manyzdy derek kózderimen júmys istep, olardan ghylymy qúndylyghy joghary mәlimetter alugha múmkindik berse, ekinshiden, derek kózderining nemese naqty derekting ereksheligin anyqtau zertteushige, sol derek kózining nemese naqty derekting ereksheliginen shygha otyryp, soghan say keletin tәsilder qoldanu arqyly taldau jýrgizuge kómektesedi. Degenmen, tarihy derekterding de, derek kózderining de manyzy men ereksheligi, eng aldymen, sol derekterdi nemese derek kózderin jasaushy subekttermen tyghyz baylanysty. Eger, belgili orys derektanushysy A.S. Lappo-Daniylevskiyding sózimen aitsaq: “ Tarihy derek degenimiz — adam psihikasynyng iske asqan jemisi”

Áriyne, tarihy derekting payda boluynyng basty obektivti alghysharty belgili bir oqighanyng nemese qoghamdyq qúbylystyng boluy ekendigi belgili. Biraq, onyng әr týrli derek kózderinde qalaysha beynelenui derekti jasaushy jeke subekting qolynda ekendigi de anyq. Olay bolsa, bolyp jatqan nemese bolyp ótken obektivti tarihy qúbylystardyng derekterde qay dәrejede beynelenui, yaghny obektivti qúbylystar turaly subektivti mәlimetterding qay dәrejede derekterge enui, sol derekti jasaushy subekting psihikasyna /dýniyetanymy, oy órisi, bilim dәrejesi, diny nanym-senimi, qoghamdyq pozisiyasy t. t./ tikeley baylanysty. Demek, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining HH ghasyrdyng sony men HHI ghasyr basyndaghy obektivti qoghamdyq qúbylys – KSRO-nyng ydyrap, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketining payda boluy jәne qalyptasuy tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men erekshelikteri, sol enbekterding avtory, yaghny tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózderining ýlken bir tobyn jasaushy subekt — N.Á. Nazarbaevting qoghamdaghy orny men ózindik adamy jәne túlghalyq qasiyetterimen tyghyz baylanysty.

N. Nazarbaev enbekteri, derektanu ghylymy túrghysynan qaraghanda, ózining payda boluy jaghynan jazba derek kózderining jeke adamdyq tobyna jatady. Al, jeke adamdyq derek kózderining basty ereksheligi, olarda subektivti faktordyng airyqsha oryn aluynda. Sondyqtan derek kózderining osy týrlerimen júmys istegende olardyng avtorlary, yaghny derekti jasaushy subekt turaly obektivti mәlimetterdi paydalana biluding manyzy ýlken. Demek, bizding zertteu júmysymyzda subektivti faktor retinde, derek kózderin jasaushy N. Á. Nazarbaev turaly mәlimetterge sýienuge tiyis bolamyz.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng túnghysh Preziydenti retinde N. Nazarbaev turaly, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, az aitylyp, az jazylyp jýrgen joq. Songhy Preziydenttik saylau qarsanynda, әsirese saylaudan keyin, N.Á. Nazarbaev turaly, onyng aiqyn jenisining sebepteri turaly baspasóz betterinde kóptegen maqalar jariyalandy. N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng ómirbayany — ómiri men atqarghan qyzmetining negizgi kezenderi  júrtshylyqqa jaqsy tanys.  Sondyqtan biz búl mәselege, yaghny N. Nazarbaevtyng ómiri men qyzmetine, әdettegidey, hranologiyalyq prinsipke say ómirbayandyq túrghydan emes, derek kózderin jasaushy subekt retinde, derektanulyq túrghydan qarauymyz qajet bolady.

Eger, osy túrghydan kelsek, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men ereksheligi eng aldymen, onyng tәuelsizdik qarsanyndaghy jәne tәuelsizdik jyldaryndaghy resmy lauazymdaryna say atqarghan qyzmetterimen tyghyz baylanysty ekendigine erekshe kónil audarugha tiyis bolamyz. Obylys kóleminde iskerligimen kózge týsken N. Nazarbaev, ótken ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldarynan bastap respublikalyq dengeydegi basshylyq qyzmette bolsa, tәuelsizdikting dәl qarsanynda, yaghny 80-shi jyldardyng sony men 90-shy jyldardyng basynda Qazaqstan siyaqty ýlken respublikanyng birinshi basshysy mindetin atqardy. Ol turaly QR Preziydentining internet jýiesindegi veb-saytynda: “1979-1984 jyldary Qazaqstan KP Ortalyq Komiytetining hatshysy. 1984 — 1989 jyldary — Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy. 1989-1991 jyldary — Qazaqstan KP OK birinshi hatshysy, 1990  jylghy aqpan-sәuir aralyghynda Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesining tóraghasy boldy. 1990 jyldyng  sәuirinen —  Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn  Preziydenti”- dep kórsetilgen[113].  Demek, búl, N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng dәl sol jyldary bolyp ótken, qorytyndysynda KSRO –dep atalghan alyp imperiyanyng taghdyryn sheshken alasapyran oqighalardyng bel ortasynda jýrip, el taghdyry ýshin jauapty birinshi adam retinde, jana tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettiligin qalyptastyru isining qaynar kózinde túruyna tura keldi degen sóz.

Ol turaly N. Nazarbaevtyng ózi “Ádiletting aq joly” atty kitabynda: “Ózimning qyzmet jaghdayyma oray osy jyldardyng barlyghynda da, әrdayym oqighalardyng qalyng ortasynda jýrip, olardy taldaugha jәne salystyrugha, qorytyndylar jasaugha, sheshimder qabyldaugha tura kelgendikten de, ózimning jeke pikirimdi aitugha baryp otyrmyn”-dep, jazdy [114, 219 b.]. Olay bolsa, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi basty manyzy, olardyng basqa da tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózderinen negizgi ereksheligi, sol jyldaryghy qoghamdyq qúbylystar men týbegeyli ózgeristerding “qalyng ortasynda jýrip”, el taghdyryn, últ taghdyryn sheshken “sheshimder qabyldaghan” adamnyng dýniyege әkelgendiginde. Áriyne, talay otandastarymyz, qogham jәne memleket qayratkerleri tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng qalyptasu tarihynyng kuәgeri boldy, ol turaly óz estelikterin jazdy, yaghny tarihy derekterdi dýniyege әkeldi. Sóz joq, olardyng bәri de Qazaqstannyng eng jana tarihynyng derek kózderin qúraydy. Jәne de keleshekte tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihyn zertteude paydalanylady. Degenmen, jogharyda keltirilgen faktiler N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tarihymyzdyng týbegeyli ózgerister kezenining birining orny bólek derek kózderi ekendigin tolyghymen dәleldeydi.

Degenmen, derektanushy retinde, biz QR Preziydenti veb-sayty siyaqty resmy de, manyzdy derek kózining ózinde de qarapayym qatelikting ketkendigin aitugha mәjbýrmiz. N. Á. Nazarbaev veb-saytta kórsetilgendey: “1990 jyldyn  sәuirinen — Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng  Preziydenti”- emes, KSRO-dep atlatyn alyp imperiyanyng qúramyndaghy  Qazaq  KSR-ning Preziydenti bolyp saylandy. Al, Qazaqsatan Respublikasy dep atalghan memleket, sol KSRO-nyng kýireui saldarynda keyin payda boldy. Búl fakti derek qanday dengeyde payda bolmasyn, ony derektanulyq synnan ótkizu  qajettigin taghy bir ret dәleldeydi ghoy dep oilaymyz.

Áriyne, Qazaqstannyng óz tәuelsizdigine ie boluy siyaqty týbegeyli tarihy ózgerister kezinde respublika basshylyghynda dәl N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng boluy, bir jaghynan taghdyrdyng jazuy bolghanymen, ekinshi jaghynan, onda belgili bir zandylyqtyng barlyghyn da bayqaugha bolady. Tua bitken tabighy talanty, úiymdastyrushylyq qabileti, ózin ózi syilay bilushilik, kópting biri bolyp qara kóbeytip ortada jýrudi qalamauy N. Nazarbaevty jastayynan belsendilik tanytyp top aldynda jýruge iytermeledi. Ol turaly N. Nazarbaev: “Eger ózim turaly aitar bolsam, men eshqashan qandayda bir basshylyq qyzmetterge airyqsha qúmartqan jan emespin. Biraq, bala kezimnen “ortasha” bolyp qaludy únatpaytynmyn, óz qadirimdi ózim sezerliktey әlde bir ishki sezimning әserinde boldym. Mәselen, mektepte әrqashan oquda birinshi bolugha talpyndym. Múnday sezim ózin qúrmetteytin kez kelgen adamgha tәn dep oilaymyn. Al eger adam ózin syilaudan qalsa, onda odan ómirde aitarlyqtay dәiekti eshnәrse shyqpaydy. Maghan údayy basshylyq etu búiyrghanday-aq, әrdayym әiteuir bir organdargha saylanumen boldym: jogharghy klastarda mektep oqushylar komiytetining mýshesi boldym, әrdayym mektep, audan komsomol aktiyvining qatarynda jýrdim”- deydi [114, 69 b.].

N. Nazarbaevtyng mektepte oqyp jýrgende-aq belsendilik tanytyp, qatarynyng aldy bolyp jýretindigi turaly ústazy Seyithan Isaev aqsaqal: “Núrsúltan alghyr, minezi ornyqty, bilimge yntaly bala bolatyn. Ónerliligimen esimi audan kóleminde belgili bolyp jatatyn. Qoghamdyq júmystargha, mektep ómirindegi әr qily isterge bel sheshe aralasyp ketetin. Komsomol úiymy qat-qabat sharualarynyng әr kez basy-qasynda jýretin”- dep eske alady[11,123 b.].

Osylay, bala kezinen qalyptasa bastaghan belsendilik, iskerlik qasiyetterin N. Nazarbaev ómirge endi aralasa bastaghan jastyq jyldarynda odan әri damyta bildi.  Keleshek Elbasynyng ózining iskerlik qasiyetterin, úiymdastyrushylyq qabiletin jas kezinde-aq kórsete bastaghandyghy turaly jastyq shaqtaryn birge ótkizgen dosy, Qaraghandy metalurgiya kombinatynyng seh bastyghy Quanysh Omashev jaqynda “Egemen Qazaqstan” gazetinde jariyalaghan maqalasynda jas jigit Núrsúltan turaly aita kele: “IYә, adam isinen, talabynan tanylady. Ortamyzdan top jaryp shyqqan búl jigitting tegin azamat emestigi sol kezding ózinde seziletin”-dep [10, 12 b.], oghan dәlel retinde bir mysal keltiredi.

“Men Núrekenmen Qaraghandy poliytehnikalyq inistitutynyng Temirtaudaghy filialynda oqyp jýrgenimde tanystym”-deydi Q. Omashev. “Kisini baurap alatyn qasiyetimen kurstastarymyzdy ýiirip әketti. Óndiristen qol ýzbey oqydyq. Kýndiz júmystan moyyn búrylmaytynyna, keshkisin sabaqtan bas kóterilmeytinine qaramastan, bir uaq kórkemónerpazdar ýiirmesine qatysugha da ýlgertinbiz. Aralas-qúralastyghymyz studenttik qúrylys otryadynda birge bolghanymyzda tipti beky týsti. Búl da kimning kim ekenin kórsetetin orta ghoy. Sonyng bir jarqyn kórinisi jas Núrsúltannyng boyynan múnda da tanylyp edi.

Ol uaqytta, yaghny alpysynshy jyldardyng basynda Núra audanyndaghy “Balyqtykól” kenshary janadan shanyraq kóterip jatqan edi. Osynda birnshe túrghyn ýy salugha kirisken otryadymyzdyng júmysy kópke úzamay toqtady da, qol qusyryp otyryp qalugha mәjbýr boldyq. Otryad jetekshisi Knyazev bolsa, búghan onshalyqty qam jemey, jaybaraqat uaqyt ótkizumen jýrdi. Kýzge deyin birqatar otbasyny baspanaly etuge bizge ýmit artqan jergilikti basshylardyn: “Jigitter, qapyda qaldyratyn boldyndar-au”,-dep renish bildirui janymyzgha batyp, tyghyryqtan shyghudyng amalyn qarastyrdyq”-dey kele, sol tyghyryqtan Núrsúltannyng belsendilik tanytu arqasynda ghana shyqqandyghyn aitady.

Eki aptaday joq bolyp ketip, qajetti qúrylys materialdaryn tauyp kelgen N. Nazarbaev turaly:  “Ol oblystyq mekemelerden bastap, irili-úsaqty kәsiporyn basshylarynyng esikterin tozdyryp, aqyry maqsatyna jetipti. Ile júmysymyz da qyzyp sala berdi. Tannyng atysy, kýnning batysy tynym bolmay, ýilerdi birinen song birin qaz-qatar salyp shyqtyq. Olar paydalanugha berilip, júrt quanyshqa bólengen sәtte student qúrlysshylargha, sonyng ishinde әsirese, komandiyrimiz Nazarbaevqa aq alghystaryn jaudyrdy…Osynda boy týzegen alghashqy kóshedegi ýy qabyrghasynda “Búl ýilerdi Núrsúltan Nazarbaev jetekshilik etken studenttik qúrylys otryady saldy” dep jazylghan eskertkish taqta túr”-deydi [10, 19 b.].

Mine, osylay, sanaly ómirin óz iskerligining arqasynda qatarlarynyng aldy bolyp, kópshilikting alghysyn aludan bastaghan N.Á. Nazarbaevty jastayynan respublika, tipten Odaq dengeyinde de tanymal boluyna әser etken de, sol belsendiligi, tabighat bergen boyyndaghy talaby men talanty dep aitugha bolady. Onyng aiqyn dәleli 1962 jyly aqpan aiynda, yaghny 21 jasynda respublika komsomolynyng onynshy sezinde sóilegen sózi. QR Preziydenti múraghatynda saqtauly túrghan sol sezde sóilegen sózine, N. Nazarbaevtyng sayasatker retinde qalyptasu tarihynyng manyzdy derek kózderining biri retinde derektanulyq taldau jasau, boyynda últtyq sezimi bar, jalyndaghan jas sayasatkerding qalyptasa bastaghandyghyn kórsetedi.

Sezd delegaty retinde óz sózin: “Myndaghan jyldar boyy bizding ata-babalarymyz manyratyp qoy, kisinetip jylqy baqqan sheksiz-shetsiz dalada kenes halqynyng qolymen jasalghan alyp zavod boy kóterdi – ol bizding elimizding tórtinshi metallurgiyalyq bazasy – ol Qazaqstan magnitkasy”- dep bastaghan N. Nazarbaev: “Men bizding zavodtaghy qazaq jigitterine erekshe toqtalyp, olardyng ómiri men júmystary turaly aitqym keledi. Olar óz kәsipterin jete mengerip, qәzir jaqsy jәne ýilesimdi júmys istep jýr. Olar: Sýleymenov, Sәrsekenov, Myrzahmetov, Salimov t.b.”- dep biraz qazaq jigitterining attaryn atap, olargha metallurg mamandyghyn ýirenuge kómektesken, elimizding basqa metallurgiyalyq zavodtarynan kelgen ózge últtardyng tәjeriybeli agha buyn ókilderine alghys aitudy da úmytpaghan [115].

Sonymen qatar N. Nazarbaev óz sózinde kemshilikterge de toqtalghan. Ol: “Óndiristik tәjiriybeden ótken 800 adamnyng 300 zavodttan ketip qalghan. Keybireuleri qiyndyqqa shydamay qashyp ketken. Ásirese, ol, Semey, Almaty, Ontýstik-Qazaqstan oblystarynan kelgen jastargha tәn”-dep, qazaq jastarymen dúrys júmys jýrgize almaghany ýshin sol oblystardyng komsomol úiymdarynyng jetekshilerin syngha alghan [116].

Bayandamada: “1960 jyldyng 3 shildesinde (Demek, dәl 20 jasynda – S. S.) maghan óz qolymmen birinshi qazaqstandyq shoyyndy qúiuyma tura keldi. Basqa da kóptegen joldastarym siyaqty, men de poliytehnikalyq institutta oqimyn. Ótken jyldyng sonynda meni KOKP-gha mýshelikke kandidat etip qabyldady. 1961 jyldyng sonynda maghan kommunistik enbekting ekpindisi degen ataq berildi”- dep, N. Nazarbaev ózi turaly da aitudy úmytpaghan[117].

Odan әri bayandamashy, sezde respublika basshylarynyng da qatysyp otyrghandaryn paydalanyp, qala men kombinattyng sheshilmey jatqan problemalary turaly aita kele: “Búlardyng birazyn óz kýshimizben sheshe alamyz, biraq basqalaryn biz ózimiz sheshe almaymyz. Olar: jastardyng dúrys demalularyna qajetti mәdeniyet sarayynyng joqtyghy, sportpen ainalysugha mýmkindik beretin stadionnyng joqtyghy. Bizding qalanyng komsomal jastarynyng atynan osy bir biz ýshin qiyn mәseleni sheshuge kómektesulerinizdi súraymyn”- dep qala jastarynyng ótinishin de jetkizgen [118].

Qala jastarynyn, әsirese, qazaq jastarynyng taghy bir ótinishin N. Nazarbaev óz bayandamasynda sheber jetkize bilgen. Ol: “Taghy bir ótinish. Biraq bizdi dúrys týsininizder, bizde qazaq jigitterining sany óte kóp, al qazaq qyzdary tipten joq. Sondyqtan óz dostarymnyng atynan dәriger, múghalim, qúrlysshy qyzdargha aitamyn – bizge, Qazaqstan Magnitkasyna kelinizder, múnda bәrine de naghyz júmys tabylady”- dep, sezge qatysushylardy du kýldiredi[118]. Jalpy, jattandy bayandamalardan jalygha bastaghan sezge qatysushylardy Nazarbaevtyng bayandamasy bir serpiltip tastaghan siyaqty. Olay deytinimiz bayandama barysynda “du qolshapalaqtaudyn” jii estilip túrghandyghy múraghat qújatynda aitylghan.

Sheshen óz sózin: “Bizding úrpaq kommunizmde ómir sýretin bolady, biz ony óz qolymyzben ornatamyz, biz oghan senimdimiz”-degen jalyndy sózdermen ayaqtaghan[119]. Búl, jas jigitting adal seniminen tughan sózder ekendigine esh kýmәn joq. Olay deytinimiz, ótken ghasyrdyng 60-shy jyldarynyng óz qatarly milliondaghan jastary siyaqty, N. Nazarbaevta partiyagha sheksiz sendi, óz qoldarymen adamzattyng jarqyn bolashaghy – kommunistik qogham ornatyp jatqandyghyna senimdi boldy.

Jalpy alghanda, bayandama sheshendik ónerding barlyq talaptaryna say dayyndalghan jәne bayandamashy óz oiyn sheberlikpen jetkize bilgen dep aitugha bolady. Osy bayandamadan keyin ony Qazaqstan LKJO OK mýshesi etip saylasa, sol jyly ótken BLKJO 14 sezinde BLKJO OK mýshelikke kandidat bolyp ótti. N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng ýlken sayasatqa kelui osylay bastaldy dep aitugha bolady.

N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men ereksheligin aiqyndaytyn basty faktorlardyng biri – qanday qyzmet atqarmasyn, qanday biyik lauazymgha ie bolmasyn, barlyq uaqytta onyng obektivti qalyptasqan realidi jaghdaydy tolyghymen anyqtap aluy jәne sodan shygha otyryp naqty sheshimder qabyldauy. Mysaly, ol ózining Qaraghandy metallurgiya kombinatynyng partkom hatshysy retinde SOKP Ortalyq Komiyteti Sekretariatynda, onyng aldynda sol kezdegi KSRO-daghy ekinshi adam retinde belgili bolghan M.A. Suslovpen bolghan әngimesi turaly: “… bәrin qaz-qalpynda týgel aittym. Adamdargha eshqanday jaghday jasalmasa da kombinatty qalay salyp shyqqanymyzdy aittym. Alyp qúrylystyng jýzdegen iri-iri kem-ketikterin, kombinattyng әli qorshalmaghanyn, bolat tabaqshalardy kim kóringenning qalay bolsa solay ýidi-ýiine mashinamen tasyp alyp ketuine bolatynyn da aittym. Túrghyn ýidin, balabaqshanyng salynbaghanyn, kýndelikti qajetti azyq-týlik ónimderi men búiymdardyng jetispeytinin de sóz ettim. Aua rayynyng asa qolaysyzdyghyn, borandy-shashyndy kýnderi júmysshylardyng kombinatqa jete almay qalatyny jóninde de aittym. Áyelderge júmys tabyla bermeytinin de jasyrghan joqpyn…

Ol mening sózimdi bólmesten yqylas qoya tyndady. Al sonan keyin súraq bere bastady, tipti úsaq-týiek jaylargha da kónil audaryp, qoyyn dәpterine týrtip aldy”-deydi [114, 103-104 bb.].

Al, onday, sol kezdegi ólshem boyynsha eng joghary dengeyde ótken býkpesiz, boyamasyz ashyq әngimening ne bergendigi turaly: “Qalamyz boy týzey bastady. Jaqsy jabdyqtalghan túrghyn ýy oramdary, segiz balabaqsha, 15 myng oryndyq stadion, elu metirlik jýzu jolaqshasy bar su basseyini salyndy. Su qoymasynyng ong jaghalauynda demalys ýii, sauyqtyru-emdeu mekenjayy payda boldy. Eng bastysy, әriyne, pәterge degen kezekti joydyq. Mamandardyng túraqtamauy búryn 32 prosent bolsa, endi ol 9 – 10 prosentke týsti”-deydi [114, 106 b].

Osylay, kezinde kórkeyuine N. Nazarbaev ýles qosqan Temirtau qalasynyng býgini turaly Quanysh Omashev: “Byltyr kýzde Temirtau qalasynyng ornaghanyna 60 jyl tolghany atap ótildi. Búl kýnde ol jaynap-jarqyraghan, kóz qyzygharlyq kýige enip, keremet qúlpyryp bardy. Ásirese, qonys toyyn jasaushylar kóp. Pәter baghasynyng qaltagha qolaylyghyn paydalanyp, baspanagha qoly jetip jatqandar jetkilikti. Solardyng deni jastar. Shuaqty ómir qúshaghy ashylghanyna shattanady bәri. Birinen song biri boy týzegen әleumettik-túrmystyq nysandar qalanyng ósip-órkendeuge bet týzegenin kórsetedi. Temirtaulyqtar múny óz ortalarynan shyqqan Preziydentterining eli ýshin eren enbegining bir shapaghatynday kóredi”-deydi [10, 25 b.].

SOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining Sekretariyatynda sóilegen sózi, tek Temirtau qalasynyng ghana emes, sonymen qatar Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng óz taghdyryna da әser etken siyaqty. Ol turaly N. Nazarbaev: “Arada birneshe jyl ótkennen keyin D.A. Qonaev kónildenip otyrghan bir sәtinde mening SOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining Sekretariyatynda sóilegen sózimning әseri kýshti bolghanyn, ondaghylardyng maghan nazar audaryp, esterinde saqtap qalghanyn ózime aitqan bolatyn. Tórt jyldan keyin mening Qaraghandy oblystyq partiya komiytetining ónerkәsip jónindegi hatshylyghyna úsynyluyma shamasy, osy jaghday kóbirek yqpal etse kerek”-dep, eske alady deydi [114, 107 b.].

Al, onyng Mәskeudegi SOKP OK sekratariyatyna qalay baryp, SOKP basshylarynyng kózderine qalay týskendigi turaly Aziyanyng bes birdey asqar túlghalaryna arnalghan “Aziya asqarlary” atty kitaptyng N. Nazarbaevqa arnalghan bólitinde: “Onyng ómiri tipti de jay emes jaghdayda qalyptasty. Biraq týpkirdegi auyldan shyghyp, óz enbek jolyn zauytta týrli júmystar atqarudan bastaghan balang jigit óz qabiletine senimdi bolyp, kez kelgen ortada aiqyn kóshbasshylyq qasiyetterimen tanylady, al ol onyn, sol kezder ýshin ósuding birden-bir joly bolyp tabylatyn, aldymen joghary komsomoldyq, onan keyin partiyalyq qyzmetterde jogharylauyna jaghday jasady.

Degenmen Nazarbaevty qarapayym partiyalyq funksioner dep atau qiyn bolatyn. Joghary órlegen alghashqy sәtinen bastap ol ózin memleketshil adam jәne qatang pragmatik retinde tanyta bildi.

…37 mynday adam júmys istegen alyp metallurgiya kombinatynyng partiyalyq basshysy bola jýrip, ol sosialistik ekonomikanyng olqylyqtaryn óz tәjeriybesinde kóre bildi.

Elding basqa da kәsiporyndaryndaghy siyaqty kombinattyng óndiristik jospary joghary jaqtyng kýshtep tanuymen belgilendi. Ony kez-kelgen jolmen oryndau kerek bolatyn. Sondyqtan ónim kólemin ósirip kórsetu, qoymadaghy qorlar jәne qosyp jaza salu siyaqty aila-amaldardyng bәri paydalanyldy.

Ol osylardyng bәri turaly maqala jazyp, ol kompartiyanyng basty gazeti – “Pravdada” jariyalandy. Odan janjal tuyndady. Nazarbaevty esep beruge Mәskeuge shaqyrdy. Júrttyng bәri onyng mansap joly ayaqtaldy dep sanady. Keyin ózi: “Qyzmetten alyp, jazalaytynyna senimdi bolyp bardym”, dep eske týsiredi. Eger birbetkey partorg zauytty daghdarystan shygharudaghy óz josparyn bayandap, qajetti sharalardy úsynbaghanda ol solay bolatyn da edi. Oghan sendi – ol sendire biletin. Kombinatqa bólingen qarjy jaghdaydy týzedi, al Nazarbaev Qazaqstanda irilerding qataryndaghy Qaraghandy oblysynyng ekinshi basshysy boldy”-dep jazylghan [102, 14 b.].

Osylay, sanaly ómir jolynyng basynda-aq ózin aqtaghan júmys isteu tәsili, birtindep N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng ómirlik pozisiyasyna ainaldy. Qay jerde bolmasyn qalyptasqan realidy shyndyqty aituy, oghan talay jauapty sәtterde, talay kýrdeli kezenderde dúrys jol taba biluge jәne kópshilikting senimine ie boluyna kómektesti. Mysaly, 1986 jyldyng aqpanynda Ministrler Kenesining Tóraghasy retinde Qazaqstan Kompartiyasynyng HÝI sezinde jasaghan bayandamasynda: “Jergilikti jerlerde qalyptasqan, jekelegen tabystardy badyraytyp kórsetuding jәne qaydaghy bir enbegi ýshin audandyq jәne oblystyq bastyqtardy madaqtaudyng әli joyylmaghan stiyli ózining teris zardaptaryn tiygizude. Osynyng bәrining mýmkin boluynyng taghy bir sebebi – respublika basshylyghynyng múnday jaramsyz júmys әdisterin der kezinde jәne partiyalyq prinsiptilikpen tiyp otyrmauy… Jep qoi men talan-tarajgha saludyng saldarynan respublika sovhozdarynda 5 jyldyng ishinde 120 myngha juyq iri qara, 1,7 million qoy, 42 mynday jylqy men shoshqa kem bolyp shyqty”- dep, respublika kóleminde jiberilgen kemshilikter turaly ashyq aitsa [114, 172-181 bb.], SOKP sayasy burosynyng mýshesi retinde SOKP HHÝIII sezinde sóilegen sózinde: “Qayta qúru bastalghaly bes jyl ótken kezde eleuli kemshiliktersiz jýrip jatqan sala bizde joq ekenin adal moyyndauymyz kerek… Mening ózime josparly sharuashylyqtan rynok stihiyasyna kóshu jolyndaghy osynday dýrlikpe, asyghys әzirlik tu syrtynda kýni búryn әzirlengen aiqyndamalary joq armiyanyng jantalasa sheginuin eske salady… Qayta qúrudyng naqty aiqyndamasynyng joqtyghy últaralyq qatynastargha erekshe kýizelte salqynyn tiygizdi. Kóp últty memleket jaghdayynda naq osy neghúrlym manyzdy aspektining qayta qúru inisiatorlarynyng nazarynan mýldem tys qalghanyna tek qana tandanugha balady…”-dese [114, 259-267 bb.], SSRO Halyq depudattarynyng IÝ sezinde jasaghan bayandamasynda: “Mýldem ashyq aitatyn mezgil jetti: ekonomikalyq reformany jýzege asyrudaghy qatelikter eldi onyng tarihynda bolyp kórmegen, kóp úzamay-aq bastalatyn daghdarys shegine jetkizdi…Ýkimetting naryqqa kóshu jónindegi óli tughan baghdarlamasyna ýkimetting bedelin saqtau ýshin jasandy týrde jan bitiru – tipti de mәz bolarlyq mәmle emes. “Jaby at pen súlu qúralaydy bir arbagha jeguge bolmaytyny” belgili ghoy! Al biz bolsaq býkil bolmysy bir-birine qarama-qayshy eki jaqty tabystyryp, endi tabighatqa qayshy nekening nәtiyjesinde, bylaysha aitqanda, qanday qúbyjyqtyng payda bolatynyn kýtip otyrmyz”-deydi [114, 260 b.].

Búl keltirilgen mysaldar, birinshiden, N. Nazarbaevtyng barlyq dengeyde de shyndyqty taysalmay aita bilgendigin dәleldese, ekinshiden, SOKP basshylyghynda ondaghan jyldar boyy qalyptasyp, әbden qatyp-semgen eldi basqarudyng “dәstýrli” tәsilderinen bas tartyp, basty maqsat etip qaytse de “ýkimetting bedelin saqtap qalu” emes, qalyptasqan realidy jaghdaydan shygha otyryp, qanshalyqty ashy bolmasyn shyndyqty moyynday otyryp, sheshim qabyldaugha úmtylghan jana tipti basshy ekendigin kórsetedi.Ýshinshiden, múnday prinsipti pozisiya onyng enbekterindegi mәlimetterding shynayylyq dengeyining joghary ekendigin dәleldeydi.

N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng jastyq jigeri, qanday iste bolmasyn alghyrlyq tanytuy jәne boyyndaghy qúday bergen kýsh-quaty memleket qayratkeri retinde tez ósuine әser etti. Onyng nebәri  44 jasynda Qazaq KSR-y siyaqty ýlken respublikanyng Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy bolyp taghayyndaluyna da sol jeke basynyng tabighy qasiyetteri negiz bolghan. Ol turaly sol kezdegi respublikanyng birinshi basshysy D. A. Qanaev “Aqiqattan attaugha bolmaydy” degen atpen jaryq kórgen zamanhatynda: “Nazarbaevtyng eng basty artyqshylyghy onyng qylshyldaghan jastyghy, alghyrlyghy men lapyldaghan qayrat-jigeri edi. Ózimizding ornymyzdy basatyndyrdyng qamyn biz oilamasaq, kim oilaugha tiyis. Sondyqtan da Qazaq KSR Ministrler Kenesining tóraghasy B. Áshimúly Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesining Prizidumynyng tóraghalyghyna saylanghan kezde men Nazarbaevty ýkimet basshylyghyna úsyndym” dep jazdy[12, 385 b.].

SOKP basshylarynyng ózderi esh uaqytta senbegen utopiyalyq tәtti qiyaly nәrseler turaly memlekettik dengeyde aitularynyn, óz oilaryn ómir shyndyghy retinde halyqqa úsynularynyng is jýzinde ne bergendigi búrynghy “kenes halqyna” jaqsy belgili. Ol turaly N. Nazarbaev “Ádiletting aq jolynda”: “Songhy jetpis jyldaghy óz tarihymyzgha kóz jýgirter bolsaq, asa kýrdeli memlekettik, әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq problemalardy sheshuge utopiyalyq túrghydan keluding qanshama mysalyn tabar edik desenizshi!”-deydi [114,41b.]. Bolisheviktik-kommunistik partiyanyng “dana basshylyghynyn” arqasynda, aldymen “sosialistik” qogham, keyinnen “kemeldengen sosializm” ornatqan kenes halqy ótirikke, jalghan uәdege әbden toyyp bolghan. Oghan ashy da bolsa shyndyq qajet edi. Mine, osynday jaghdayda N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng shyndyqty aita biletin jana buyn basshylarynyng ókili retinde tarih sahnasyna shyghuy, búrynghy Odaq kóleminde oghan degen el senimin tudyrdy. Onyng Tibilisi, Tauly Qarabaq oqighalaryna aralasyp, ara aghayyndyq mindetin abroymen atqaryp shyghuy, Odaq kólemindegi eng joghary oryndardyng birine úsynyluy sonyng dәleli.

N. Nazarbaevtyng býkil KSRO kóleminde eldi auzyna qaratqan sayasatker retinde tanymal bolghandyghy turaly “Aziya asqarlarynda”: “Nazarbaev KSRO Halyq deputattarynyng 1989 jylghy 1 sezinde, ózi birden jәne sózsiz qabyldaghan gorbachevtik qayta qúrudyng tórtinshi jylynda, jana ýlgidegi reformator әri sayasatker retinde shynayy tanyldy. Degenmen, býkil el kýtken reforma bir orynda maltyghyp qalghan bolatyn.

Qayta qúru jyldarynda el halqy partiya basshylarynyng sózderinen tyng lep estiymiz be degen ýmitpen sezderden berilgen telehabarlardy jibermeuge tyrysatyn. Sol kezde reformanyng kemshilikteri men osal tústary turaly batyl aityp, odaqtyq ekonomikany basqarugha qatysty óz kózqarastaryn býkil elge mәlimdegen Nazarbaevtyng sózi kóptegen adamdardy tanyrqatty. Qazaqstandaghy bes jyldyq premierlik tәjeriybe Nazarbaev ýshin jaqsy mektep boldy. Onyng aiqyn dәiektelgen, sendiretin de senimdi sózderi sol kezde býkil el nazaryn ózine tartyp, Garbachevtyng ózinen de kem týspeytin kýshti, harizmalyq sayasatkerding payda bolghanyn býkil elge pash etti”- dep aitylghan [102, 15 b.].

N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng HH ghasyrdyng songhy onjyldyghynda KSRO siyaqty alyp derjava basshylary arasynda osynday ýlken bedelge ie boluynyng taghy bir sebebi, onyng óz sózine, óz isine asa ýlken jauapkershilikpen qarauy, sózi men isining ýnemi say kelui, yaghny el aldyndaghy, halyq aldyndaghy óz jauapkershiligine degen tereng sezimi. Ol turaly Núrsúltan Ábishúly 1991 jyldyng kókteminde, yaghny el taghdyry týbegeyli sheshiler tarihy sәtting qarsanynda: “IYә, bir kezde men bolashaqtaghy óz taghdyrymdy qara metallurgiyasyz elestete almaushy edim. Biraq, ómir ózinshe óktemdik jýrgizdi.Qazir men ýlken sayasy joldan ótip ýlgerdim. Sóitip, sayasy júmys maghan ózimdi ózimning kórsetuime, ózimning boyymdaghy әlde bir jana mýmkindikterdi ashuyma septigin tiygizdi. Biraq, naghyz qanaghattanghandyq sezimi tipti de qazir respublika men býkil elimizde bolyp jatqan qúblystargha yqpal etuge mýmkindigimning bar ekendiginen kelmeydi. Sayasy jәne memlekettik qayratkerding enshisi – búl eng aldymen onyng iyghyna týsken orasan zor auyr enbek jәne , búghan seniniz, jaybaraqat ómir sýruge múrsha bermeytin ghalamat kýshti jauapkershilik sezimi. Búl jerde moralidyq qanaghattanghandyq sezimine bólenetin bir-aq nәrse bar, ol óz halqynnyng mún-múqtajy men talap-tilegin týsinetinindi, ony aita alatynyndy, adamdardyng tarapynan qoldau tabatynyndy sezinu ghana. Álibette, búl rette eshqashan da masattynyp, mәz boludyng qajeti joq — ózindi ózing asyra baghalaudyng nege alyp baryp soqtyratynyn bizding bәrimiz de jaqsy bilemiz. Al, enbeginning esh ketpegenin sezingende, ótken joldardyng qiyndyghyna ókinbeu kerek”-degen [114, 100 b.].

Ol kezde elding de, erding de, әsirese el basshysynyng da “ iyghyna týsken orasan zor auyr enbektin”, júrt bolyp birigip kóterer qiyndyqtardyn, synalar sәtting әli alda ekendigin, әriyne eshkim de bilgen joq. KSRO siyaqty alyp imperiyanyng kóp úzamay-aq týbinen shirigen kәri emendey qúlauy, bәrin de jana jaghdayda, jana mindetter sheshuge mәjbýr etti. Degenmen, búl jaghdayda respublika Preziydenti retinde N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng “iyghyna týsken orasan auyr enbektin” birneshe ese artqandyghy týsinikti.

KSRO-nyng ydyrauynan birneshe ay búryn ghana: “Mende әdetten tys ataqqúmarlyq niyet atymen bolghan emes, ony oilaugha múrsha da joq edi – ómir maghan qashanda ózinin, kóbnese kәdimgi qarapayym, keyde tym qatal zandaryna sәikes talaptaryn ýstemdikpen úsynyp keldi. Negizinen alghanda qashan da derlik bir problemany: qaytkende de shydau, tótep beru problemasyn sheshuge tura kelip otyrdy” — dep, aitqan [114, 48-49 bb.]. N. Nazarbaevqa, ómir taghy da shydamdylyq tanytyp, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigin qayta qalyptastyru mindetin jýktedi. Onyng enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketi tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men ereksheligi de osy faktorlerden tuyndaydy.

N. Nazarbaev enbekterining derektik manyzy men ereksheligin aiqyndaytyn kelesi faktorlar tobyn onyng jeke adamy jәne túlghalyq qasiyetteri qúraydy. Belgili ziyaly qauym ókilderi M. Joldasbekov, Q. Salgharin jәne A. Seydinbekter “Elbasy qanday bolu kerek?-degen súraqqa:

“ — Últy qazaq, últtyq dәstýrding uyzyna jaryghan, halqynyng bar qadyr-qasiyetin boyyna jinaghan; tilin, tarihyn, mәdeniyetin, әdet-ghúrpyn, salt-dәstýrin jetik biletin; últyn jan-tәnimen sýietin, onyng mәrtebesin ósiretin últjandy; deni taza, ary appaq, júrtshylyqty alaqanyna salyp ayalaytyn, senimin ýmitin aqtay alatyn, el taghdyryna jauap bere alatyn Azamaty; kek saqtamaytyn, óshtespeytin, bar qazaqty bauyr tútyp, basynan sipay alatyn meyirimdi Janashyry; qar jausa – kýrek, jel túrsa tirek bola alatyn halaqtyng qamqorshy Qyzmetshisi; aghany aghaday, inini inidey syilaytyn, әdepten attamaytyn, eshkimdi bólip-jarmaytyn, halqynyng múndasy, Taghdyrlasy; qoryqqanda – qorghan, taryqqanda – pana, zaryqqanda sana bola biletin, el tanyghan, kópshilik moyyndaghan, minezge bay, antqa adal, sertke berik, peyili ken, baylyqqa qúnyqpaytyn qazaq halqynyng shyn Perzenti boluy kerek;

— El basyna kýn tusa auyzdyqpen su ishetin, etikpen su keshetin; tughan jerin, Otanyn qyzghyshtay qorghaytyn, kózining qarashyghynday saqtaytyn; iske alymdy, sózge shalymdy, býgingisin oza oilaytyn, ertenin dúrys boljaytyn kóregen Kósem boluy kerek;

— Adamzat tarihyn, din tarihyn, qoghamnyn, memleketting damu zandylyqtaryn, әlemdik ýderisti jetik biletin, ony jýzege asyra alatyn Isker; Qazaqstannyng baylyghyn tógip-shashpay halyqtyng iygiligine ainaldyratyn, Qazaqstandy ozyq elderding qataryna qosa alatyn, nardyng jýgin kóteretin Qayratker boluy kerek;

— Halyqaralyq qauymdastyqqa keninen tanylghan, órkeniyetti elderding basshylarymen terezesi ten, sóileskende sózi asatyn, egeskende ensesi basatyn, eldeskende meyrimin shashatyn auzy uәli, sózi dualy Sayasatker boluy kerek.

Múnday erding aitqany em, isi berekeli, eli yntymaqty bolady; júrtshylyq zamanyna say tughan osynday erge ghana senip, sonynan eredi”-dep jauap bergen [73, 11 b.].

Búl aitylghan ólshemderding N. Nazarbaev boyynan tabylatyndyghy jәne olardyng onyng jazghan enbekterining shynayylyq, tolyqtyq dengeylerining joghary boluyna әser etetindigi anyq. Birinshiden, N. Nazarbaev qazaq halqynyng qalyng ortasynan shyqqan qarapayym kópshilikting ókili. Sondyqtan ol óz halqynyng túrmys-tirshiligin, bolmysyn, tili men dinin, salt-dәstýrin ana sýtimen boyyna sinirgen, enbeke erte aralasyp, soghystan keyingi auyl tauqymetin jastayynan kórip ósken jan. Ol ózining jastyq shaghy, yaghny adamy qalyptasuynyng negizi turaly “Ádiletting aq jolynda” jәne 1997 jyly “Egemen Qazaqstan” gazetining bas redaktory Uәlihan Qalijan men baspager Múhtar Qúl- Múhamedke bergen jәne “Halyqtan jasyratyn eshtene joq”-degen atpen jariyalanghan súhbatynda jan-jaqty aitqan. Sondyqtan ol enbekter týpnúsqalyq derek kózi retinde keleshek Elbasynyng jastyq shaghynan mol mәlimetter bereulerimen qúndy.

Mysaly, ol ózining jornalshylargha bergen súhbatynda: “IYә, bireuler oilaytyn shyghar men aspannan salbyrap jerge týsip qaldy dep. Preziydent bolghanymmen býiregim jerge búryp túrady. Men kórgen tirshilik әli ózgere qoyghan joq. Sondyqtan da ómirdi kórip óskenimdi jasyra almaymyn. Siyrdy da búzaulattyq, biyeni qúlyndaudy da kórdik. Menimen birge óskenderding balalyghy men jastyghy eki qoldyng kýshimen ótken joq pa? Mysaly, siyr baghamyz, oghan on jasymnan bastap shóp shaptym. Siyr qorany tazalau kerek, suaru qajet, jylqy baghu taghy bar”-dese [120, 10 b.], “Ádiletting aq jolynda”: “Ol kezde mening bir ghana nәrsege yqylasym qatty audy: tezirek enbekke aralasyp tabys tauyp, ýy ishine týsken auyrtpalyqty az da bolsa jenildetsem deytinmin. Óitkeni balalardyng ýlkeni men edim”-dep, ózining jastayynan qanday júmystar atqarghandyghyn aita kele, qarapayym auyl mektebining qatardaghy oqushylarynyng biri retinde sabaghyn qalay oqyghandyghy turaly: “Ýige beretin tapsyrmany oryndaytyn uaqyt tek týn mezgili ghana. Óitkeni atqaratyn sharua shash etekten: malgha shóp salu, qoradaghy maldyng astyn tazalau, su әkelu, ogorodtyng aram shóbin otau júmystary tipti tausylmaytyn. Onyng esesine altynday qymbat uaqytty baghalay biludi ýirendim, sabaqqa dayyndalugha da, ózim qatty qúmartyp alghan kitap oqugha da uaqyt tabatyn boldym”- deydi [114, 20-21 bb.]. Demek, ol ózining ómir jolynyng bastauynda, onyng ózimen qatar ne ózinen keyingi milliondaghan auyl balalarynyng ómir joldarynyng bastauynday últtyq, halyqtyq negizden nәr alghan. Preziydent Nazarbaev sayasatynyng últtyq, halyqtyq sipatynyng syry osynda emes pe?

Ekinshiden, Elbasy sayasatynyng alghashqy kýnderden bastap ón boyynan ótip kele jatqan ózegi últtar dostyghyn saqtau jәne ony nyghaytu ekendigi belgili. Qazaqstan siyaqty kóp últty memleket ýshin búl faktordyng sheshushi manyzy bar faktor ekendigi týsinikti. Býgingi Qazaqstannyng qol jetkizgen jetistikteri sol últaralyq qatnastardy dúrys saqtay bilgendikting saldary ekendigi de jәne búl iste N. Nazarbaevtyng qosqan ýlesining erekshe ekendigi de dәleldep jatudy qajet etpeytin faktiler.

Ózge últ ókilderimen til tabysa bilu, olarmen qoyan-qoltyq aralasyp tirshilik ete bilu de N. Nazarbaev ómirinde jastayynan qalyptasqan daghdy. Mysaly, ol turaly N. Nazarbaev óz súhbatynda: “Kenes ókimeti, Kompartiyanyng sayasaty últaralyq mәseleni týgel sheshti dep jýrdik qoy. Qazir qarap otyrsaq olay emes eken. Eger ol sheshilgen bolsa Qarabaqtaghy, Tәjikstandaghy qantógis, Pridnestroviedegi oqighalar bolmas edi. Yugoslaviyany aitayyq, qúday saqtasyn, sonyng bәri bolar ma edi? Gruziyany she? Ou, osylay dep aitayyq, dospyz dep aitpasang qúrisyng dep, últshyl bolasyng dep qorqytqannan barlyghy jym bolyp jýrdi. Ol Kenes ókimeti kýiregennen keyin belgili boldy”- dep Kenes ókimetinin, kommunistik partiyanyng últtyq sayasatynyng mәni men últtyq mәseleni “sheshudin” tәsәli jәne onyng saldary turaly aita kele: “Biraq ta, bizding auyl Shamalghan degen qazaq pen orys, ukrayyndyqtar aralas túrghan auyl edi… Orystarmen, ukrayyndarmen, qazaqtarmen, Kavkazdan kelgen halyqtar cheshender men ingushter barlyghy birge bolyp, solarmen aralasyp óstik. Sol kezde biz basqa últ dep, shynynda da oilaghanymyz joq”- dese [120, 10 b.], “Ádiletting aq jolynda”: “Qazir sol jyldar eske týskede kóp jaygha tang qalasyn. Mýlde basqasha ómir bolatyn! Mәselen, býginderi Qazaqstanda da, basqa kóptegen respublikalarda da shiyelenisken til mәselesin alayyqshy. Ol kezde búl mәsele eshkimning oiyna da kirmeytin. Eki nemese birneshe til bilu әbden ýirenshikti bolatyn. Ákem jer auyp kelgen balkarlardyng tilin jaqsy biletin, olardyng bauyrynday bolyp ketip edi. IYә, búryn birde-bir orys sózin estimegen alty jasar men orystar qazaqsha bilmese, olardyng arasynda qalaysha ómir sýrgen bolar edim? Aragha bir jyl salghanda mening de әjepteuir oryssha til syndyruym onsha qiyngha soqqan joq. Balkarlarmen, týriktermen kәdimgidey sóilese beretinmin, cheshenderdi týsinip, tipti nemis balalarymen olardyng tilinde birli-jarym sózderin aityp til qatysatyn edim”- deydi [114, 14-15 bb.].

Mine, osylay, “úyada ne kórsen, úshqanda sony ilersin”-degendey, bala kezinen kórip ósken últtar dostyghyna Núrsúltan Ábishúly Elbasy bolghan kýnnen bastap memlekettik sayasattyng ózikti buyndarynyng biri retinde qarap, erekshe kónil bólip keledi. Elbasynyng búl sayasatyn óz halyqy týgili ózgelerde bayqap, onyng Qazaqstan ýshin qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigin dúrys týsinip otyr. Mysaly, “Pravda” gazetining Qazaqstandaghy búrynghy tilshisi D. Valovoy “Kremlevskiy tupik y Nazarbaev” degen kitabynda: “Últyna, partiyyalylyghyna jәne dinine qaramastan Qazaqstan halqynyng iydeyalyq birligi preziydent Nazarbaevtyng barlyq qyzmetining ózegin qúraydy. Ol ózining “Ádiletting aq jolynda…” atty kitabynda aitqan oilaryn tabandylyqpen iske asyruda, jәnede ol qaydan shyqpasyn, arandatushylyq әreketterdi týbinen joyuda. Býginde búl prinsipter jana Konstitusiyada bekitilgen. Olardy qatang saqtau Qazaqstandaghy túraqtylyqtyng berik kepili bolady”-deydi [101, 166 b.]

Ýshinshiden, Elbasy boyyndaghy erkshe qasiyetterding biri, onyng imandylyghy. Jaratqan iyemizding qolduyna sýienip, músylmannyng jolyna den qoyuy. Ol ózining súhbatynda: “Qazaqtar – músylmandar, músylmandardyng ishindegi sunnittermiz. Sondyqtan halyq Allasyna, Tәnirine senip, ertengi kýnnin, ar jaqtaghy, ana dýniyege baratyn kýnin oilap, dýniyedegi mynau býgingi kýnning kýibenimen jýre bermey, janaghy Múhammed payghambardyng hadisterine sәikes ómir sýrse deymin. Hadister boyynsha adamdy jazyqsyz jәbirleuge, óltiruge bolmaydy. Ózine ghana jaqsylyq tileme, basqagha da jaqsylyq oila. Jaqynyna jamanshylyq jasama. Elindi syila, el basqarghan adamgha qyzmet et degen Qúranda jazylghan sózder bar. Sondyqtan músylman dinine qaray elding aughany dúrys dep oilaymyn. Qay kezderde biz naghyz músylman bola alamyz ba, bola almaymyz ba, kim biledi. Degenmen, naghyz moldalyqty, naghyz músylmanshylyqty keltiruge men qyzmet etip jatyrmyn”-deui jәne osy baghytta atqarghan naqty isteri sonyng dәleli [120, 9 b.].

N.Á. Nazarbaev tek músylman dinin nasihattaushy ghana emes, kóp últty, kóp dindi elding Preziydenti retindi dinaralyq týsinistik, dinaralyq tatulyq jolynda da enbek etip jýr. Ol tarihta túnghysh ret Astanada әr týrli dәstýrli dinder jetekshilerining basyn qosyp, pikir almastyrudy úiymdastyrdy.

Tórtinshiden, N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng eshkimge de kek saqtamaytyn keshiripazdyq qasiyeti de kópke ayan. Elde demokratiyanyng damuyn, baspasózge ashyqtyq, jariyalylyqtyng beriluin paydalanyp keybir merzimdi basylymdar Elbasy turaly әr týrli alypqashty әngimeler aityp jýrgeni de belgili. Ásirese, 2005 jylghy saylau qarsanynda olardyng auzyna, beynelep aitsaq, “aq it kirip, kók it shyqty”. Bizding oiymyzsha qay basylymnyng ne dep jazghanyn aityp jatudyng qajeti joq. Onyng ýstine olardyng ne aityp, ne qoyghanyna Elbasy ózining qalay qaraghandyghy turaly “Egemen Qazaqstan” gazetine bergen súhbatynda tolyq aitqan. Ol: “Halyqtyng ózi de kórdi, men saylaualdy nauqandy arnayy jýrgizudi qajet dep tappadym. Óitkeni, ótken jeti jylda atqarylghan júmysqa qarap elding maghan әdil bagha beretinine sendim. Nauqan barysynda ózge kandidattar turaly bir auyz jaghymsyz sóz aitqan joqpyn. Olardyng keybirining men turaly aitpaghany joq, solardyng soyylyn soghatyn gazetterding men turaly jazbaghany joq. Men oghan shydamdylyq kórsettim, sebebi bәri de — otandastarymyz ghoy. Sonday-aq, basqa kandidattardy qoldap dauys bergender de men ýshin jat emes. Nege deseniz, olar osy sheshimi arqyly mening aldymen nendey mәselelerge kónil bóluim kerektigin kórsetip túr. El basqaratyn adam keng boluy kerek. Men keng bolmasam, el keng bolmaydy, el keng bolmsa ózgelermen teng bolmaydy. Jalpy, eshkimdi de dúshpan tútyp keregi joq. Óz basymda oppazisiya ókilderining eshqaysysyna da onday kózqaras joq. Bolghan da emes”-dedi [121, 23 b.].

Preziydent N. Nazarbaevtyng oppazisiya ókilderine qatysty búl ústanymynyng ómir shyndyghymen tolyq sәikestigine barsha júrt kuә. Degenmen sol oppazisiyalyq basylymdar arasynda “Jas Alash” gazetining de jýrgeni ókinishti-aq. Qolynda kóp mýmkindigi bola túra Nazarbaev osylardyng eshqayyssyn da qughyn-sýrginge úshyratqan joq. Kimge senu, kimning sonynan erudi tandau qúqyghyn Qazaqstan halqynyng ózine qaldyrdy.

Besinshiden, N. Nazarbaevqa jinaqylyq, úqyptylyq, tiyanaqtylyq, tynghylyqtylyq, enbeksýigishtik, júmysyndaghy jýielilik siyaqty isker adamdargha qajetti qasiyetter de jat emes. Mysaly, M. Qasymbekov ol turaly: “Birden kózge týsetini: Elbasymyz óte jinaqy jan. Ózining júmysyn dúrys úiymdastyrugha qatty mәn beredi. Múnyng ózi býginde ýirenshikti әdetke ainalyp ketken. Ýstelining ýstinde bir japyraq artyq qaghaz bolmaydy… Preziydentimizding qoltanbasyn kórgeniniz bar ma osy? Zer sala qarasanyz, ol siyaly qalammen taygha tanba basqanday etip, marjanday tizip jazady. Eng asyghys jazularynyng ózin qinalmay oqy alasyz. Óz basym osydya-aq Núrsúltan Ábishúlyna tәn erekshe úqyptylyqty ghana emes, ózining qabilet-qarymyna, atqaryp jýrgen isine degen nyq senimdi, tiyanaqty tynghylyqtylyqty kórgendey bolamyn…

Osylargha Elbasymyzdyng jankeshti enbeksýigishtigin qosynyz. Ol ózin ayau degendi bilmeydi desede bolady. Júmys uaqytynyng әr minutyn útymdy paydalanady. Ár jyldyng songhy toqsanynda aldaghy jyly Preziydentting tikeley qatysuymen atqarylatyn manyzdy isterding auqymy belgilenip, arnayy júmys kestesi jasalady. Ol toqsandyq, ailyq kestelerde shiratylyp, naqtylana týsedi. Elbasymyz osylardy óte múqiyat jasatady da, solardyng tabandylyqpen jýzege asyryluyn talap etedi. Júmystaghy jýiesizdikti, beyberekettikti únatpaydy”-deydi [24, 25 b.].

Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng túlghalyq jәne jeke adamy qasiyetteri turaly, tek óz otandastary ghana emes, jaqyn jәne alys shet eldikter de KSRO-nyng kýireu qarsanynda da, odan keyin de baspasóz betterinde kóptegen maqalalar jariyalady. Áriyne, olardyng bәrine birdey toqtalyp jatu mýmkin emes. Degenmen, solardyng birazyna kónil audaryu, bizge óz Elbasymyzgha ózgening kózimen qarap, ol turaly obektivti maghlúmat alugha mýmkindik bereri anyq.

Mysaly, A. Andreev degen avtor “Izvestiya” gazetinde jariyalanghan “Fenomen Nazarbaeva ne razgadan” dep atalghan maqalasynda, Nazarbaevtyng iskerlik qasiyetterine erekshe kónil bóle kele: “Tәuelsiz oilau bilu, sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq problemalardy sheshudegi pragmatikalyq ústanym, ózin ózgelerding ornyna qoya bilu. Nazarbaev búrynghy KSRO respublikalary memleket basshylary arasynda erekshelinedi. Nazarbaev tabystarynyng syry әli kóp jaghdayda ashylghan joq …” dese[122], “Krasnaya zvezda”gazetining tilshisi Oleg Felichev “Fenomen Nazarbaeva” atty sayasy portretinde “Onyng qalay bolghanyn maghan aitu qiyn. Biraq biz kenetten Qazaqstan preziydentinen konstruktivti tereng oidy, bizding jalpy mәselelerimizdi sheshudegi analitikalyq kózqarasty “ashyp” tang qaldyq. Onyng kóptegen sayasy basshylardan jarty qadam, keyde tútas bir qadam alda ekenin týsindik”- deydi[123].

“Rossiyskie vedomostiy” gazetine bergen súhbatynda Eduard Makarevich: “Sonymen preziydentti kim ósirdi, Nazarbaev fenomenin kim tughyzdy?”-dep ózi qoyghan súraqqa ózi: “- Mýmkin, tótenshe jaghdaylargha toly uaqyt shyghar. Joq, joq jәne joq! Nazarbaevqa ol kelmeydi… Nazarbaevta bәri de zandylyq” -dese, “Pravda” gazetining tilshisi D. Valovoy: “ Men Núrsúltan Ábishúlyn on jeti jyl boyy bilemin… Búl úzaq uaqytqa sozylghan jaqyn qatynas maghan onyng tabystarynyng syryn ashatyn óz formulalarymdy qúruyma mýmkindik berdi. Ol ýshbirlikti bolyp shyqty.

Formulanyng birinshi bólimi: ol maqsatqa úmtylushylyq, ózine joghary talap qoya bilu jәne bilimge degen qúshtarlyq….. Ekinshi bólimning mәni: Nazarbaev óz tabighatynda synshy – jasampaz adam. Ol neni synamasyn, týpki maqsat – adamdardyng ómirin jaqsartu ýshin, odanda da tiyimdi joldardy úsynady… Jәne, songhy, formulanyng ýshinshi bólimi, Nazarbaev qyzmet satysymen joghary órley otyryp FZU oqushysynan jәne betonshydan preziydentke deyin ósip, barlyq satydan ótti. Sondyqtan ol ómirding barlyq qyry men syryn bireulerding sózi arqyly emes, óz kózimen kórip ósti. Nazarbaev ózining býkil sanaly ómirin enbek adamdarymen jәne óndirispen tyghyz baylanysta ótkizdi…. Georgiy Konstantinovich Jukov, ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysta әlem moyyndaghan birinshi qolbasshy; Andrey Dmitrevich Saharov, әlemge aty әigili ghalym; Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov, әlem moyyndaghan jazushy; Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaev, qazirgi әlemdik dengeydegi memleket jәne sayasy qayratker – búlardyng bәri kimder? Beynelep aitsaq, halyqtyng eng tómengi toptarynan shyqqan jәne olardan esh uaqytta qol ýzbegen naghyz “aspazshynyng balalary” — dep, ózining ashqan әr “formulasyn” naqty mysaldarmen dәleldeydi [101, 36-62, 188-189 bb.].

Naqty bir adam turaly ondaghan adamdardyng pikiri bir jerden shyghyp jatsa, onda ol adamnyng shynynda da sonday adam bolghany da. Eger, jogharyda attary atalghan býgingi ziyaly qauym ókilderining sózderimen aitsaq: “Ár bir jeke túlgha óz taghdyrynyng ghana ústasy emes, sonymen birge ózi aralasqan ortagha, qoghamgha, kerek deseniz ózi ghúmyr keshken uaqytqa yqpal etetin qaytalanbas jaralym. Eger, sol jeke túlghanyng bolmys-tabighatyna Tәniri – sheber airyqsha qabilet pen qasiyet darytsa, ol qabilet pen qasiyet tek qana jasampazdyqqa, tek qana biyik múrattargha baghyshtalatyn bolsa, onday túlgha óz ómirin ghana mazmún-maghanagha keneltip qana qoymay, eng bastysy ózi ghúmyr keshken qoghamy men uaqytyn da sәulelendirip, onyng mereyin ósirip, mәrtebesin biyiktetetin bolady. Búghan tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng túnghysh Preziydenti Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaevtyng ómiri men bolmys-bitimi jarqyn aighaq” [73]. Oghan qosarymyz múnday túlghanyng dýniyege әkelgen enbekterining shynayylyq dengeyining de, ghylymy qúndylyghynyng da joghary boluy zandylyq. Demek, N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyn, onyng ishinde tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettgi tarihynyn, ózindik erekshelikteri bar manyzdy derek kózi ekendigi kýmәnsiz.

Degenmen, kez kelgen qarapayym jandargha tәn quanu, renju, ashulanu siyaqty әr týrli kónil kýiler, basqa da adamy qasiyetter Núrsúltan Ábishúlyna da tәn qasiyetter. Ol turaly biraz jyldan beri kenesshisi bolyp isteuine baylanysty Preziydentti jaqynnan bayqaugha mýmkindigi bolghan Ermúhan Ertysbaev: “Mening barlyq dostarym, tanystarym, jornalshylar, sheteldikter jәne taghy da basqa kóptegen adamdar menen jii súraydy: “Aytshy, ol ózi qanday?” — dep. Men; “Ár týrli”-dep jauap beremin. Shynynda da, ol әr týrli. Men ony kónildi kezinde de, kónilsiz kezinde de, kónil kýiining kóterinki kezinde de, pәs kezinde de, baysaldy-oyly kezinde de jәne tipten ashuly kezinde de kórdim…

Shynynda, ol әr týrli. Qauryt kezde ol salqynqandylyq, sabyrlylyq tanytsa, kerisinshe, tynysh qalypty sayasy jaghdayda mazasyz jәne emosionalidy. Ol jalpy nashar akter, óitkeni esh uaqytta óz sezimin jasyra almaydy. Eger ol bireudi únatsa nemese silasa, onda Nazarbaevtan artyq shyn berilgen jәne senimdi joldas tabu qiyn. Eger únatpasa, onda onyng jýzinde jiyerkenish belgisi payda bolady jәne ony ózi jasyra almaydy”-deydi [22, 15 b.] /Barlyq audarmalar bizdiki – S.S./ Áriyne, Preziydentting múnday qasiyetterining onyng jazghan enbekterine de әser etkendigi belgili. Onday ashyq minez enbekterdegi mәlimetterding shynayylyq dengeyin kótermese, tómendetpeytindigi anyq.

Sonymen, qoryta aitsaq, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigi tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men basty ereksheligi, birinshiden, onyng tәuelsizdik qarsanynda jәne tәuelsizdik jyldarynda atqarghan resmy qyzmetterimen tikeley baylanysty. Ótken ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldarynan bastap respublikalyq dengeydegi basshylyq qyzmette bolghan, dәl tәuelsizdik aldynda Elbasy bolyp saylanghan N.Á. Nazarbaevqa sol jyldary bolghan barlyq týbegeyli ózgeristerding ortasynda jýrip, tarihy qúbylystardyng kuәsi boluyna tura keldi. Jәnede sonyng bәri turaly óz enbekterinde jazyp, manyzdy derek kózderin dýniyege әkeldi. Ekinshiden, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigi tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzy men erekshelgi, olardyng Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng túnghysh Preziydenti turaly, onyng eng bir qiyn-qystau sәtterdegi tarihy sheshimder qabyldap, jana memleket qalyptastyra bilu tarihy turaly mol maghlúmat saqtauynda. Ýshinshiden, N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterining derektik manyzy men erekshelikteri avtordyng jeke adamy qasiyetterimen tyghyz baylanystylyghynda. Onyng eng bir auyr jyldary qarapayym qazaq otbasynda dýniyege kelip, enbekke erte aralasuyna baylanysty, el ómirin jete bilip, bar sanaly ómirin soghan qyzmet etuge arnauynda. Tórtinshiden, N. Nazarbaevtyng bastauysh partiya úiymynan bastap biylikting barlyq satysynan ótui, oghan elding realidi sayasiy-әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq jaghdayyn әrdayym obketivti baghalap, óz enbekterinde shynayy beyneley biluge mýmkindik bergen.

1.2 N. Nazarbaev enbekterining payda bolu obektivtiligi, tarihy jaghdayy jәne olardy synyptau problemalary

Derektanu ghylymynyng qaghidasy boyynsha әr bir tarihy derek ózining payda boluy jaghynan obektivti. Óitkeni ol belgili bir tarihy oqighanyn, qúbylystyng nemese qoghamdyq prosesting saldarynda payda bolady. Dәlirek aitqanda, naqty tarihy oqigha, qúbylys nemese qoghamdyq prosess naqty tarihy derekterde beynelenedi. Sondyqtan әr bir tarihy derek óz boyynda sol tarihy oqigha, qoghamdyq qúbylys nemese qoghamdyq prosess turaly mәlimet saqtaydy. Demek, oqigha nemese qúbylys bolmasa derek te bolmaydy. Olay bolsa, kez kelgen derekti belgili bir tarihy oqighanyng derek kózi retinde zertteude, onyng payda boluynyng obektivtiligin, alghysharttaryn, yaghny naqty qanday oqighanyng saldarynda payda bolghandyghyn anyqtaudyng manyzy ýlken. Sonymen qatar, kez kelgen derek tarihilyq prinsiypine say belgili bir uaqytta nemese uaqyt aralyghynda jәne naqty bir kenistikte payda bolady. Uaqyt ereksheligi, dәlirek aitqanda, derekting jasalu kezenindegi naqty bir kenistiktegi, yaghny eldegi qalyptasqan tarihy jaghday, ýstem sayasy qúrylys t.b. derekting payda boluyna, onyng mazmúny men baghytyna әser etepey qoymaydy. Demek, naqty derekke nemese derek kózderine derektanulyq taldau sol uaqyt tininde /konteksinde/ jasaluy kerek. Tek sonda ghana naqty derekten nemese derek kózderinen naqty oqigha nemese qúbylysqa qatysty shynayylyq dengeyi joghary mәlimet alugha bolady.

Demek, N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterin tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketi tarihynyng derek kózi retinde qarastyruda olardyng payda boluynyng sebepterin, alghysharttaryn, yaghny obektivtiligin jәne tarihy jaghdayyn anyqtaudyng manyzy ýlken. Júmystyng kirispe bóliminde aitylghanday, N. Nazarbaev 1991 jyldyng kókteminde dayyndaghan “Ádiletting aq joly” atty enbeginen bastap, 2006 jyldyng qantarynda QR Preziydenti mindetin atqarugha qayta kiriskenge deyin birneshe irgeli enbekter, jinaqtar, Joldaular jәne kitapshalar jariyalady. Solardyng bәrinde derlik, bizding tikeley zertteu obektimiz bolyp tabylytyn — tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigining tarihyna qatysty mәlimetter bar. Demek, olardyng payda boluynyng obektivtiligi men tarihy jaghdayyn anyqtau zertteushilerge tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketi tarihy turaly ghylymy qúndylyghy joghary mәlimetter alugha kómekteseri anyq.

N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterining payda boluynyng obektivtiligi eng aldymen HH ghasyrdyng 80-90 jyldary Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikalar Odaghy dep atalghan alyp derjavada oryn alghan týbegeyli qoghamdyq ózgeristermen, sol ózgeristerding nәtiyjesinde Qazaqstannyng óz tәuelsizdigin aluymen jәne kýrdeli de týbegeyli qoghamdyq ózgerister saldarynda payda bolghan sol jyldardaghy sayasy ahualmen tikeley baylanysty. Atap aitqanda, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining payda boluyna alyp kelgen jәne onyng enbekterinde beynelengen naqty obektivti oqighalar, qúbylystar jәne qoghamdyq prosester mynalar: KSRO-da qayta qúru prosesining bastaluy, eldegi sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq daghdarystyng terendeui, qúramynda Qazaqstan da bar KSRO siyaqty alyp imperiyanyng ydyrauy, Qazaqstannyng óz tәuelsizdigin aluy, jana tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigin qayta qúru isining bastaluy t.t.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti, yaghny Elbasy retinde jәne KOKP OK Sayasy burosynyng mýshesi, yaghny búrynghy Odaq kóleminde jogharghy dengeydegi sayasatkerlerding biri retinde, KSRO-nyng songhy jyldaryndaghy sayasiy-әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq jaghdayyna jan-jaqty analitikalyq taldau jasaghan N. Nazarbaevting enbegi, Mәskeu qalasynda, “Moladaya gvardiya” baspasynan orys tilinde “Bez pravyh y levyh” degen atpen 1991 jyly shyqsa, qazaq tilinde “Ádiletting aq joly” degen atpen “Qazaqstan” baspasynan sol jyly shyqqan. Kitaptyng múqabasynda: “Ómirbayan ótkelderi,oy-tolghau, baghyt-baghdar… Baspanyng súraqtaryna jauap”-dep jazylsa, “Baspadan” dep atalghan alghy sózinde: “Sizding qolynyzgha tiygen kitap — ómirbayandyq bayandau da emes,belgili bir taqyryp tóniregindegi súhbat ta emes. Biz búl kitaptyng keyipkerine ózi turaly aitudy qajet dep sanaytyn nәrsening bәrin de qamtudy ghana úsyndyq”-delingen [114, 4 b.]. Taghy bir erekshe kónil audaratyn nәrse, ol alghy sózdegi kitaptyng dayyndalghan uaqyty men jeri turaly aitylghan mәlimetter. Ol turaly kitapta: “ Qoghamdyq jәne sayasy ómirde qazirgi jýrip jatqan prosesterding jedeldik sipatyn eskere otyryp, búl kitaptyng jazylghan uaqytyn, sonymen qatar qayda jazylghanyn kórsete keteyik: 1991 jylghy nauryz-sәuir ailary, Almaty qalasy”- dep kórsetilui [114, 5 b.]. Sonymen qatar, kitaptyng orys tilindegi núsqasynda “Dialog s N.A. Nazarbaevym vel A.P. Jitnuhiyn”- dep jazylghan.

Demek, birinshiden, kitap: estelik, ómirbayan, zamanhat,súhbat, oi-tolghau, siyaqty nemese t.b. dәstýrli janrlardyng esh qayyssyna da jatpaytyn, biraq osylardyng bәrining de elementteri kezdesetin, ózindik ereksheligi bar, kýrdeli tuyndy. Mysaly, kitap “Qara nannyng dәmi”- dep atalatyn taraudan, shartty týrde alghanda, balalyq, jastyq shaq turaly estelikterden bastalghanymen, súhbatqa úlasyp, ótken ghasyrdyng 80-90-shy jyldaryn da qamtidy. Al, әr janyrdyng ózindik erekshelikteri bar. Olar ózderine say keletin zertteu tәsilderin qoldanudy qajet etedi. Demek, zertteushiler múnday kýrdeli tuyndylarmen, yaghny derek kózderimen júmys istegende olardyng osynday erekshelikterin eskeruleri qajet bolady.

Ekinshiden, kitap orys tilinde dayyndalyp, qazaq tiline audarylghan, sóitip, eki tilde qatar shyqqan. Al, kez kelgen audarmanyng týpnúsqadan belgili bir dәrejede alshaqtaytyndyghy zandylyq. Sondyqtan, kitaptyng qazaq tilindegi núsqasyn paydalanushylar ony týpnúsqamen salystyryp otyrulary kerek. Ýshinshiden, kitap KSRO-nyng da, onyng jetekshi sayasy kýshi kommunistik partiyanyng da, Mәskeulik ortalyq biylikting de din aman kezinde dayyndalyp, jaryqqa shyqqan. Búl faktining derektanu ghylymy ýshin prinsipti manyzy óte ýlken. Ol kitapta N. Nazarbaevtyng KSRO-gha, onyng sayasy basshylyghynyng atyna aitylghan syndary, olardyng artynan tas laqtyruy emes, kerisinshe, jiberilgen kemshilikterdi týzetu arqyly KSRO-ny saqtap qalu jәne nyghaytu maqsatynda aitylghanyn kórsetedi. Búl kitapta aitylghan oilardyn, keltirilgen faktilerdin, yaghny tarihy derekterding shynayylyq dengeyining joghary ekendigin dәleldeytin negizgi faktor.

Tórtinshiden, kitaptyng jaryq kórgen uaqyty, taghdyrdyng tәlkegimen, KSRO-nyng alyp derjava retinde ómir sýruin toqtatuynyng qarsany bolyp shyqty. Demek, búl fakti zertteushilerge kitapta SOKP basshylyghy atyna, Ortalyq biylikke, basqa da basqaru jýiesindegilerge aitylghan syndardy, elding әleumettik-ekonmikalyq jaghdayyna analitikalyq taldau jasau arqyly kórsetilgen kemshilikterdi KSRO-nyng ydyrau sebepteri retinde qarastyrularyna mýmkindik beredi. Óitkeni, dәl sol kitapta kórsetilgen kemshilikterding asqynghany sonshalyqty, olardy týzetu mýmkin bolmay shyqty. Nәtiyjesinde olar KSRO-ny kýireuge alyp keldi. Jaqyn jәne alys shet eldik zertteushilerding KSRO-nyng kýireu sebepteri turaly aitqan enbekterinde kóbine N. Nazarbaevtyng osy enbegine jýginuleri sonyng dәleli.

Besinshiden, “Ádiletting aq joly” Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng túnghysh Preziydenti turaly mol maghlúmat beretin týpnúsqalyq derek kózi bolyp tabylady. Onda Elbasynyng ómirbayan ótkelderining әr týrli kezenderi, túlghalyq qalyptasu joldary, últ taghdyry ýshin jauaptylyq dengeyine deyin jetken adamnyng is-әrektteri, oi-tolghaulary sol adamnyng óz auzymen aitylghan. Sondyqtan ondaghy mәlimetterding tolyqtyq jәne shynayylyq dengeylerining joghary ekendigi týsinikti.

Degenmen, enbekting Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózi retindegi manyzyn eskere otyryp, onda mýmkin qarapayym sebeptermen jiberilse de, el tarihy ýshin prinsipti qatelikting oryn alghandyghyn da aituymyz kerek. Óitkeni, derek kózderinde qanday da bir sebeptermen bolmasyn jiberilgen aiqyn qatelikterdi dәleldep, keleshek zertteushilerge eskertu derektanushynyng da, derektanu ghylymynyng da tikeley mindeti. Mysaly, kitaptyng qazaq tilindegi núsqasynyng 238 betinde Núrsúltan Ábishúly: “Qazaq respublikasy Joghary Kenesining 1990 jylghy 24 nauryzyndaghy sessiyasynda meni jabyq dauyspen respublikanyng túnghysh Preziydentietip saylady”-dese, orys tilindegi basylymynyng 215 betinde: “24 marta1990 goda na sesiy Verhovnogo Soveta Kazahskoy respubliky taynym golosovaniyem menya izbiraly pervym Preziydentom respublikiy”-degen. Al, týpnúsqalyq derek kózi bolyp tabylatyn sol jyldardaghy Qazaqstan kommunistik partiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetinin, Qazaq SSR Jogharghy Soveti men Ministrler Sovetining organy bolyp tabylatyn “Sosialistik Qazaqstan” gazetining 1990 jylghy 25 sәuirdegi 97 nómirinde jariyalanghan informasiyalyq habarda: “Qazaq SSR Jogharghy Sovetining qaulysy. Qazaq Sovettik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng Preziydenti turaly.

Qazaq Sovettik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng Jogharghy Soveti qauly etedi:

Qazaq Sovettik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng Preziydenti bolyp Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaev joldas saylansyn.

Almaty qalasy,1990 jylghy sәuirding 24-i.”-dep jazylghan.

Demek, N.Á. Nazarbaev, “Ádiletting aq jolynda” aitylghanday, Qazaqstan respublikasynyng túnghysh Preziydenti bolyp 1990 jyldyn 24 nauryzynda emes sol jyldyn 24 sәuirinde saylanghan.

Áriyne, enbek súhbat retinde dayyndalghandyqtan Núrsúltan Ábishúly ay attaryn jәy auystyryp aluy da, nemese qarapayym tehnikalyq qatelikting de ketui mýmkin. Basqa jaghdayda múnday qarapayym qatelikterge kónil audarmaugha da bolar edi. Biraq biz dәl osy mәselege erekshe kónil audarugha tiyistimiz. Sebebi, búl jerde әngime tek bir adamnyng ghana ómirbayanyna baylanysty bolyp otyrghan joq. Ángime qazaqtardyng túnghysh Preziydentinindәlqay aidyng 24 kýni saylanghandyghy, yaghny qazaq tarihynyng jana dәuiri, Preziydenttik basqaru jýiesining dәl qay kýni dýniyege kelgendigi turaly bolyp otyr. Mәselening prinsipti manyzy da osynda.

N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng “Ádiletting aq jolynan” basqa enbekteri tәuelsizdik jyldarynda, yaghny tipten basqa, týbirimen ózgeshe sayasiy-әleumettik jaghdayda dýniyege keldi. Jәnede Qazaqstan halqynyng ómirinde oryn alghan jana qúbylystar men qoghamdyq prosester sol enbekterde beynelendi. Solardyng alghashqysy 1992 jyly mamyr aiynda jaryq kórgen “Qazaqstannyng egemendi memleket retinde qalyptasuy men damuynyng strategiyasy” dep atalatyn enbegi. Onda N. Nazarbaev: “Qiyn tolghanystar men sheshimder, ómirdi týbegeyli qayta ózgertu uaqyty taghdyrdyng jazuymen bizding ýlesimizge tiyip otyr… Ayqyn maqsatsyz adam da, biylik jýrgizushi qúrylym da, qogham da ómir sýre almaydy”-dep jazdy [124, 4 b.]. Demek, enbekting payda boluynyng obektivtiligi, birinshiden, qoghamda bastau alghan týbegeyli qayta ózgertu uaqytynyng kelui bolsa, ekinshiden, qogham aldynda túrghan aiqyn maqsatty, dәlirek aitqanda, Qazaqstannyng egemendi memleket retinde qalyptasuy men damuynyng strategiyasyn anyqtau qajettigi bolyp tabylady.

1993 jyly N. Nazarbaevtyng “Qazaqstannyng bolashaghy – qoghamnyng iydeyalyq birliginde” atty enbegi jaryq kórdi. Onda avtor ózindik oy — týiinderin naqty derektermen dәleldey otyryp eldegi iydeyalyq birlik túghyrnamasy, sayasiy-әleumettik, ekonomikalyq ýrdister jónindegi úzaq jyldar boyy saralaghan oi-tolghamdaryn, týiindi sheshimderin ortagha salghan. Enbekte Qazaqstandaghy sol kezdegi qoghamdyq-sayasy jaghdaygha taldau jasalynyp, naqty tәuelsizdikke jetu joldary kórsetilgen. Qazaqstan memlekettigin qalyptastyru isining teoriyalyq negizderine qatysty pikirler aitylghan.

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketin qayta qúru, qalyptastyru jәne damytu tarihynyng derek kózi retinde N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng 1996 jyly “Óner” baspasynan shyqqan “Ghasyrlar toghysynda” atty enbegining alar orny erekshe. Olay deytinimiz, enbekte alghash ret KSRO-nyng kýireu sebepterine jan-jaqty taldau jasalynyp, Qazaqstannyng 1991 jyldyng tamyzy men 1995 jyldyng tamyzy aralyghynda jýrip ótken joly saralanghan. Sonymen qatar enbekte jana tәuelsiz memleket qúrudyng jýieli teoriyalyq negizdemesi jasalynyp, jas memleketting alghashqy qadamdary turaly aitylghan.

Avtordyng ózi janryn “bolashaq jayly estelik” dep ataghan shygharmasynyng betashary: “Men ol kýni kabiynetimde týnning bir uaghyna deyin otyryp qappyn. Songhy ailardyng qauryt tirshiligi boydy da, oidy da auyr tartqyzayyn depti. Tek eki saghat búryn ghana ótken referendumnyng aldyn-ala qorytyndylary qolyma tiydi. Úqqanym – Qazaqstan búdan bylay jana Konstitusiya boyynsha ómir sýretin bolady.

Oyyma, nege ekeni belgisiz, ótken-ketken orala beredi. Eski jazbalarym men oqta-tekte týrtip qoyghandarymdy qayta aqtara bastadym. Kóz aldyma bolghan-qoyghandardyng egjey-tegjeyleri, adamdardyng bet-әlpeti, mazasyz kýnder men týnder túra qaldy. Esime biz ýshin jol basynday bolghan 1991 jylghy oqighalar týsti. 1991 jyldyng tamyzy men 1995 jyldyng tamyzynyng arasynda beybit tarihtyng әldeneshe onjyldyqtary óz boyyna syighyza almaytyn oqighalary syiyp ketkendey. Sol bir jym-jyrt týnde mening basyma, azghantay “jol-jónekey ayaldama” jasap, birauyq keyingi jyldar tap qylghan dramalyq ahualdyng iyirimderi men ýiirimderine ýnilip, ishtey sarapqa salghan jaman bolmas edi-au degen oy keldi”-degen joldarmen ashylghan [126, 7 b.].

Kitapta aitylghan Qazaqstannyng býgingi kýni ómir sýrip otyrghan jana Konstitusiyasy qabyldanghan býkilhalyqtyq referendumnyng 1995 jyly 30 tamyz kýni ótkendigi belgili. Demek, N. Nazarbaevtyng óz “kabiynetinde týnning bir uaghyna deyin otyryp qalghan”, oghan ózining irgeli enbekterining birin jazugha әser etken “sol bir jym-jyrt týnnin” 1995 jylghy tamyz aiynyng 30- nan 31-ne qaraghan týni ekendigi dausyz. Al, kitaptyng alghy sózi retinde berilgen avtordyng jazbasy “Núrsúltan Nazarbaev. Almaty. 1996 jyldyng 15 qantary”-degen sózdermen ayaqtalghan. Búl naqty mәlimetter kitapty jazu isining 1995 jyldyng tamyzynyng songhy týninen bastalyp, 1996 jylghy qantardyng ortasynda ayaqtalghanyn kórsetedi.

Al kitaptyng obektivtiligi, yaghny onyng payda boluyna әser etken faktor — 1991 jylghy jәne 1991 jyldyng tamyzy men 1995 jyldyng tamyzynyng arasyndaghy әdettegi onjyldyqtar “óz boyyna syighyza almaytyn” dramalyq oqighalar. Ol dramalyq oqighalardyng qanday oqighalar ekendigi, olardyng búrynghy KSRO- nyng jәne búrynghy “kenes halqynyn” tarihy men taghdyryna qalay әser etkendigi turaly avtor: “1991 jylghy dramalyq oqighalargha qolma-qol aralasyp, kózbe-kóz baqylaghan adam retinde aitarym: ol dramagha qatysushylardyng kópshiligi odaqtyq memleketti tap búlay tez arada byt-shyt shashyratyp jiberudi әdeyi kózdegen emes. Vilinus, Baku, Tbilisy jәne GKChP oqighalaryna deyin, keyin evolusialyq jolmen tәuelsizdik alugha órkeniyetti konfederasiyalyq memleket ornatu kózdelgen edi. Áriyne, 1991 jyldyng tamyzynan song /GKChP oqighasynan song — S.S/, búl oidyng iske asuy esh mýmkin bolmay qaldy”-dep jazdy [126, 41 b.].

Degenmen, búl kitap sol jyldary bolyp ótken dramalyq oqighalar ilespeli /sinhrondy/ beynelengen jazba derek kózi emes. Ol N. Nazarbaevtyng ózine ghana tәn qoltanbasy bar, keleshekti kózdey otyryp, ótkenge taldau jasalynghan erekshe kýrdeli tuyndy. Avtor óz enbegining ereksheligi turaly: “Jazyp otyrghanym sayasy memuar emes. Sondyqtan oqighalyq jýielilikti qadaghalaghanymmen, hronologiyalyq jýielikti qadaghalaghanym joq”-dep jazdy [126, 41 b.]. Sonymen qatar kitapta ózindik erekshelikteri bar derek kózderining ýlken bir tobyn qúraytyn, oqighalardyng keybir qyrlaryn ashugha kómektesetin fotobeyneler de kóptep keltirilgen. Áriyne, zertteushiler búl erekshelikterdi eskeruleri kerek bolady.

Erekshe kónil audaratyn derektanulyq taldau talaptarynyng biri, ol “Ghasyrlar toghysynyn” tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózi retinde payda boluynyng tarihy jaghdayy. Jogharyda avtordyng ózi aitqanday, enbek Qazaqstannyng jana Konstitusiya boyynsha ómir sýre bastaghan alghashqy ailarynda dayyndalghan. Jana Konstitusiyanyng basty ereksheligi Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng tolyghymen Preziydenttik biylik frmasyna kóshui edi. Al Preziydent 1990 jyldyng sәuirinen osy mindetti atqaryp kele jatqan Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng ózi. Demek, enbek búrynnan biylik basynda bolghan, biraq endigi jerde, Ata zanymyzgha sәikes, tútas bir respublika taghdyry ýshin bar jauapkershilikti tolyghymen óz moynyna alghan adamnyng el basqaru isindegi jana kezenining basynda jazylghan. Búl faktordyng kitaptyng mazmúnyna, yaghny derektik ereksheligine әser etpey qoymaytyndyghy týsinikti. Avtordyn: “Óz basymyz – keybir ýzildi-kesildi kesip-piship sóileuge qúmar “bir kýndik qana” sayasatshylarday emes, әr aluan biylik ortasynda kópten aralasyp kele jatqan adambyz. Sol sebepti de kisilerge bagha bergende mәmlegerlik әdep auqymynan attay almasaq, nege olay bolatynyn oqyrman aitpay-aq týsinedi ghoy dep oilaymyz”-dep jazuy sonyng dәleli [126, 3 b.].

1998 jyly N. Nazarbaevtyng “Qazaqstan – 2030” degen atpen El Preziydentining Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauy jariyalandy. Ózining úzaq jyldargha arnalghan strategiyalyq úsynyspen Qazaqstan halqynyng aldyna shyghu sebebin N. Nazarbaev: “Men sizdermen keler ghasyrgha, jana mynjyldyqqa, alys perspektivagha endep boylaytyn bolashaq jayly ózimning oi-tolghanystarymmen bóliskim keledi. Biz ózimizding bolashaghymyzdy jәne balalarymyzdyng bolashaghyn qanday kýide kórgimiz keledi, osyny aiqyndap alatyn uaqyt jetti”-dep týsindirdi [127, 5 b.]. Al, onyng qalay payda bolghandyghy turaly: “Osy joldau mening Qazaqstan halqyna ishki jәne syrtqy sayasatymyzdyng negizgi baghyttary turaly jyl sayyn Joldau arnap sóz sóileu jónindegi Konstitusiyalyq mindetterimning shenberinde әzirlengen boltyn”-dep jazdy [127, 11 b.]. Demek, birinshiden, enbek Elbysynyng el bolashaghynyng qanday bolatyndyghy turaly óz oiyn, uaqyt talabynan shygha otyryp, halyqpen bólisu arqyly aiqyndap alu qajettiginen tuyndasa, ekinshiden, Preziydentting atqarugha tiyisti Kostitutsiyalyq mindetin oryndau barysynda payda bolghan. Sondyqtan enbek birjaghynan, el basqaryp otyrghan túlghanyng el bolashaghynyng alys perspektivsy turaly oi-tolghanystarynyng jemisi bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan Preziydentting óz qúqyqtaryna say úsynghan memleketting damuynyng 2030 jylgha deyingi Damu strategiyasynyng baghytyn aiqyndaghan baghdarlama, yaghny resmy qújat bolyp tabylady. Bizding oiymyzsha enbekting basty erekshelikterining biri de osynda.

2005 jyly 11 qazanda Astana qalasynda Damu strategiyasynyng jariyalanghanyna segiz jyl toluyna arnalghan “Qazaqstan-2030” Strategiyasy is jýzinde” degen taqyrypta ótken halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyada sóilegen sózinde N. Nazarbaev Joldaudyng qanday jaghdayda qabyldanghandyghy jәne onyng negizgi erekshelikteri turaly: “Elimizding 2030 jylgha deyingi damuyn aiqyndaghan osy joldau jariya etilgende ony qoldaushylardan synaushylar әldeqayda basym edi. Men sol kezde el ómirindegi әli sheshilmegen týiindi problemalardyng kóptigine qaramastan, alghan baghytymyzdyng anyqtyghyna, tandaghan jolymyzdyng turalyghyna sendim. Býgingi Qazaqstannyng qol jetkizgen tabystary – bizding birden-bir dúrys joldy tandaghanymyzdy aiqyn dәleldep shyqty.

Birinshiden, búl kenesten keyingi respublikalar ishindegi úzaq merzimdi strategiyalyq damugha arnalghan alghashqy qújat boldy.

Ekinshiden, baghdarlama Qazaqstan ekonomikasy damuynyng bar mýmkindigin meylinshe elep-eskerip, elimizding naqty mýmkindikteri men aiqyn perspektivasyna qúryldy.

Ýshinshiden,Strategiya qogham ómirinin: últtyq qauipsizdik, ishki sayasy túraqtylyq pen qoghamdyq kelisim, týbegeyli ekonomikalyq reforma, densaulyq saqtau, ghylym-bilim men halyqtyng әl-auqatyn kóteru salalaryn týgel qamtyp, býginde sheteldik sarapshylar “qazaqstandyq damu joly” dep at qoyyp ýlgergen damudyng qazaqstandyq modeli jasaldy”- dep bayandady [128, 56 b.].

Joldaudyng mazmúnyna derektanulyq taldau jasau onyng Preziydent N.Á. Nazarbaev jasaghan tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng derek kózderi arasynda ózindik oryny bar erekshe derek kózi ekendigin kórsetedi. Mysaly, “Biz býgin qay jerde túrmyz”-dep atalatyn Joldaudyng birinshi tarauynda elimizding 1997 jylghy, yaghny tәuelsizdik tarihynyng alghashqy jyldaryndaghy sayasi, ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik jaghdayy aiqyn kórsetilse, “Qazaqstan múraty” dep atalatyn tarauda 2030 jylghy Qazaqstan modeli surettelgen. Al, “Úzaq merzimdi basym maqsattar men olardy iske asyru strategiyalary” dep atalghan tarauda sol modelge jetu joldary aiqyndalghan. Búl tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihyn zertteushilerge osy enbekti derek kózi retinde paydalana otyryp, bizding neden bastaghanymyzdy, aldymyzgha qanday maqsattar qoyghanymyzdy, oghan qalay jetkenimizdi zerdeleuge mýmkindik beretin birden-bir qaytalanbas /unikalinyy – S.S./ derek kózi ekendigin kórsetedi.

Sonymen qatar 1998 jyly N. Nazarbaevtyng “Qalyng elim, qazaghym” jәne “Qazaqstan-Resey qatnastary” dep atalatyn eki enbegi jaryq kórdi. Eki enbekke de tәn ortaq erekshelik, ekeuining de jinaq týrinde dayyndalyp, jaryq kórui. Birinshi kitapqa N. Nazarbaevtyng Dýniyejýzi qazaqtary qauymdastyghy tóralqasynyng Tóraghasy retinde qazaq halqynyng ótken tarihy, býgini men bolashaghy jәne shet elderdegi qazaq diasporasy jayly әngime-súhbaty, bayandamalary men sóilegen sózderi ense, ekinshi kitapqa Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng eng iri kórshisi jәne strategiyalyq seriktesi Resey Federasiyasy arasyndaghy qatnastar turaly aitylghan bayandamalar, sóilegen sózder, maqalalar, súhbattar engen. Eki tuyndynyng dayyndalu jәne jaryq kóru formalary úqsas bolghanymen, ekeui tarihymyzdyng eki týrli salasynan mәlimet beretin eki bólek derek kózderi bolyp tabylady.

“Qalyng elim, qazaghym” jinaghyna HH ghasyr sonyna qaray óz tәuelsizdigine qol jetkizip, óz jerinde, ata mekeninde óz memleketin qayta qúra bastaghan qazaq últynyng tarihy men taghdyryna, býgini men keleshegine arnalghan dýniyeler engen. Demek, olardyng payda boluy, jana memleket qalyptasyrushy negizgi últ retinde, qazaqtardyng tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigin qalyptastyru isindegi erekshe ornymen aiqyndalady [129].  Al, “Qazaqstan-Resey qatnastaryna” engen dýniyelerding payda boluy tarihi, geografiyalyq, әsirese әleumettik jәne t. b. әr týrli faktorlrgha baylanysty Qazaqstan tarihy ýshin de, býgini men keleshegi ýshinde Reseyding alatyn erekshe ornynan tuyndaghan[130].

N. Nazarbaev enbekteri arasynda basqalarynan ózining payda bolu obektivtiligi jaghynan da, maqsaty men mindetteri jaghynan da, mazmúny men maghanasy jaghynan da, demek, derek kózi retindegi ereksheligi jaghynan da oqshau túrghan enbek, ol 1999 jyly “Atamúra” baspasynan jaryq kórgen “Tarih tolqynynda” atty kitap. Elbasynyn, әlem moyyndaghan sayasatkerding tarih tolqynyna den qoyyp, elinin, últynyng býgini men keleshegin sol tarih tolqyndary jalghastyghynan izdeu sebebi turaly avtor kitaptyng alghy sózinde: “Kezdeysoq bolmauy kerek, Qazaqstannyng aspan týstes tuynyng betinde altyngha ainalghan býrkit qanat kergen. Osynau tәuekeli kelisken mazmúndy da maghanaly nysannyng ón boyynda tabighat ta, tarih ta toghysyp jatyr. Qazaqtar tarih tolqynynda…

Eger sayasatker býginmen ghana betteser bolsa, onda olardyng taghdyry anaghúrlym jenildeu bolar edi. Áreket ýstindegi sayasatkerler, meyli kýiretushi nemese kórkóitushi bolsyn, olardyng dramagha toly tirligi qaytken kýnde de tarihtyng tolqyndarymen shendesip jatady. Múny sayasy teatr akterining ózi sezine me, joq pa, onda túrghan eshtene joq. Gәp basqada – gәp janaghy tarih tolqyndarymen shendestirip jatatyn kýshting taza praktikalyq nemese ótkinshi isterdi birde aiqyndap, endi birde kólenkelep jatatynynda bolsa kerek.

Mening tariyhqa den qoiyymnyng syr-sebebi de býgingi kýnning oqighalarynan tarihtyng “tabyn” sezingendigimde dep bilemin”-dep týsindiredi [131, 4 b.]. Demek, N. Nazarbaevty tariyhqa “alyp kelgen” tarih sabaqtastyghy, “býgingi kýnning oqighalary” syryna tarih arqyly terenirek ýniluding qajettiligi.

Tynday bilgen adamgha tarih taghylymy mol ústaz, paydalana bilgen adamgha tarih tendesi joq tanym tәsili. Ol bәrine de, onyng ishinde sayasatkerge de qajetti qúral. Sondyqtan da Elbasy: “Tariyhqa arheologiyalyq zertteulerding pәni túrghysynan qaramay, býgingi ómirdi tanudyng tәsili túrghysynan qaraghanda “sayasat” degen kinәmshil ýrdis әrqashan aldynnan shyghyp otyrady.

Ýshinshi mynjyldyqqa sanauly kýnder qalghanda bizding bolmysymyzdyng eng kókeytesti súraqtary – últtyq ýndestigimizding mәn-maghanasy nede, qazirgi Qazaqstan ýshin mәdeniyetke qatysty ýlgining qandayy qonymdy, bizding últtyq sanamyzdyng arqauy nede, qazirgidey jedel qúbylatyn zamanda “MEN” degizerlik últtyq qasiyetterdi qalay saqtap qalugha bolady – mine, múnyng bәri de naqtyly ómirmen bettesken sayasattyng súraqtary. Al onyng jauaby býgingi ómirmen ghana astasyp jatqan joq, túnyghy men túmany qabattasqan tarihtyng túnghiyghymen de tamyrlasyp jatyr”-dep jazdy [131. 6 b.].

Sonymen qatar N. Nazarbaev: “Býgingi tanda, últtyq tútastyghymyzgha túghyr bolatyn azat memlekettigimizding qúrylysyn beriktey týsuden mәndi maqsat ta, mindette joq”-dep [131, 56 b.], últ aldynda túrghan eng basty mindetti atap kórsete kele, búl mindetti oryndaudaghy tarihtyng róli turaly: “Tarihy tek-tamyrynnyng terennen bastau alghanyn tanyp-týsinu, ata-babannyng shapaghaty mol shabytty isterin zandy maqtanysh etu, totalitarly kezenning zardaptarynan arylu, sóitip tarihy sanany uaqyt talabyna say qalpyna keltiru últtyq tútastanugha tegeurindi serpin beruge tiyis… Tarihtaghy óz ornyndy bilu,babalaryndy ru tómpeshigining dengeyinde emes, jalpyúlttyq órede maqtan tútu, úlan-baytaq Evraziya tarihynda úly isterge úitqy bolghan qazaqtar men olardyng babalarynyng ózindik ornyn tanyp-týsinu, últtyq qadir-qasiyetindi qorlaytyn jattandy jalalardan arylu, mine, últtyq tútastyqqa kepil bolatyn býgingi kýnning eng quatty tetikteri osylar!”-dep jazdy [131, 56-58 bb.].

Sonymen qoryta aitsaq, N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng “Tarih tolqynynda” atty kitabynyng tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng jeke adamdyq jazba derek kózi retindegi basqa enbekterinen basty airmashylyghy, avtordyng tәuelsizdik tarihynyng tamyryn tarihtan izdeushildigi. Eger, basqa enbekterde tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigining payda boluynyng obektivti alghysharttary turaly aitylyp, naqty memleket qúru isi beynelense, “Tarih tolqynynda” sol memleketting terennen bastau alghan irge tasy turaly aitylghan.

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigin qúru jәne nyghaytu tarihynyng manyzdy derek kózderining biri, N. Nazarbaevtyng 2001 jyly Astana qalasyndaghy “Elorda” baspasynan jaryq kórgen “Beybitshilik kindigi” atty enbegi. Kitaptyng alghy sózinde avtor: “Adamdar yadronyng energiyasyn basqarudy ýirenip aldy, biraq ózin basqarudy ýirene alghan joq. Adamdar adamgha senuden qaldy, biraq yadrolyq kýshke senip aldy… Adamnyng múnday senimining aqyry nemen tynady? Adamzat ózine degen senimge qashan oralady?

Búl “yadrolyq” qúndylyqtardy tanudyng shegi men ony qayta baghalaudyng resepteri turaly kitap emes. Búl kitap – kýshting parasatqa óktemdigining kýsheye týsken qateri men adamzattyng “yadrolyq” qauipsizdik formulasyn qinala izdestirui turaly tolgham-kitap”-dep jazghan [132, 3 b.]. Demek, kitap elimizding yadrolyq qauipsizdigi mәselesine arnalghan. Ol bizding tarihy taghdyrymyzdyng ereksheliginen tuyndaghan mәsele. Ótken ghasyrdyng 90-shy jyldarynyng basynda әlemge Qazaqstan tek jana tәuelsiz memleket retinde ghana belgili bolyp qoyghan joq, sonymen qatar yadrolyq qaruy bar jana memleket retinde de belgili boldy. Taghdyrdyng tәlkegimen, tәuelsizdik bizge joyqyn quaty bar, kóptegen elderding qoly jetpey jýrgen, yadrolyq qarumen qosa keldi. El aldynda, Elbasy aldynda tek jana memleketting irgesin qalau ghana emes, sol memleketting qauipsizdigi ýshin yadrolyq qarudan qútylu mindeti de túrdy.

Kitaptyng payda boluynyng obektivtiligi yadrolyq qaru mәselesimen tikeley baylanysty. Ol turaly N. Nazarbaev “Semserler men soqalar” dep ataghan kitaptyng prologynda: “Qazaqstan yadrolyq qarudan bas tartty. Uaqyt bizding tandauymyzdyng kemengerligin quattady. Búl jóninde býkil adamzatqa aityp beru kerek te, qajet te jәne múny sóz iyesining ózinen bilgen abzal. Osynau aq jarylyp, syr aitar kitap osylay tudy”-dep, kitaptyng dýniyege kelu sebebin anyq aitqan [132, 12 b.]. Kitaptyng birneshe әlemdik tilderge audaryluy әlem tarihynda Qazaqstannyng birinshi bolyp yadrolyq qarudan óz erkimen bas tartqan el ekendigin “býkil adamzatqa sóz iyesining ózinen biluge” mýmkindik berdi.

N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng kelesi 2003 jyly Almaty qalasyndaghy “Atamúra” baspasynan shyqqan “Syndarly on jyl” atty kitaby da, sol qauipsizdik mәselesine arnalghan. Biraq, onda yadrolyq qauipsizdik emes, songhy onjyldyqtarda keng etek jayghan halyqaralyq terrorizm, separatizm, ekstremizm siyaqty әlemdik dertter jәne olargha qarsy kýres joldary turaly aitylghan. Mysaly, kitaptyng kirispe bóliminde avtor: “Terrorizm, separatizm, ekstremizm degenimiz soghys. Demek kez kelgen soghystaghy siyaqty, biz, antiyterrorlyq koalisiya men erikti elder yntymaqtastyghynyng mýshesi retinde qaru qoldanbay otyra almaymyz. Alayda halyqtar men memleketterding mýddesine qayshy keletin baylar men kedeyler әlemining arasyndaghy týpsiz shynyraudy, beybitshilik deklarasiyasyna qatysa otyryp, qaru-jaraq satushylyqty, planetadaghy milliondaghan adamdardyng esirtkige kiriptarlyghyn paydalanyp, qyruar qarjy jasaushylyqty, geosayasy órkókrektik pen ózimshil ólermendikti joymay túryp, terrorizmdi joi da mýmkin emes”- deydi [133, 12 b.].

Búl joldardan kitaptyng payda boluynyng obektivtiligi halyqaralyq qauipsizdik jәne oghan jetu joldary ekendigin bayqaugha bolady. Sonymen qatar әlem qauipsizdigi aimaqtyq, últtyq qauipsizdigining basty faktorlarynyng biri ekendigi de, Qazaqstannyng beybitshilikti saqtau jolyndaghy ústanymy da, kitaptyng payda boluyna әser etkendigi dausyz. Ol turaly N. Nazarbaev: “Bizding aimaqtyq, últtyq qauipsizdigimizge degen qauip-qater barshylyq jәne onyng sipaty ózgermey túr. Alayda men búrynghysha, tek ózara kelisimge negizdelgen bitimgershil sayasat pen senim ghana aldaghy uaqytta da, Qazaqstannyng osy jyldar ishinde ústanyp kelgenindey, beybitshilik rejiymin ornyqtyru jolynda yqpaldy da tiyimdi qúral bola alady, sonymen birge aldaghy ahualgha da qyzmet etedi dep esepteymin”-deydi [133, 26 b.].

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan halqynyn, qazaq últynyn, onyng býgingi jәne keleshekte dýniyege keler úrpaghynyng óz tarihyndaghy maqtan tútar tústarynyn, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigin qúrudaghy atqarghan basty isterinin, Elbasy bastap, eli qoldap túrghyzghan jasampazdyq nysany – El Ordasy Astana qalasy. N. Nazarbaevtyng 2005 jyly jaryq kórgen “Euraziya jýreginde” atty kitaby sol Astana qalasynyng tarihyna arnalghan. Kitaptyng alghy sózinde N. Nazarbaev: “Astanany qúru – últtyq tarihtyng jana mәtinin jazu. Múnday mәrtebe әr úrpaqtyng mandayyna búiyra bermegen. Eki mynjyldyqtyng toghysynda biz sheshim qabyldap, Eurazaiyanyng jýreginde is jýzinde jana astana qúrdyq”-dep jazsa [134, 9 b.], kitaptyng sonynda “Núrsúltan Nazarbaev, 1993-2005.”-degen jazu bar [134, 182 b.]. Demek, kitaptyng payda boluynyng obektivtiligi, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng ózekti salalarynyng biri – Astana qalasynyng dýniyege kelui, onyng kórsetilgen jyldar aralyghyndaghy, yaghny segiz jyldyq tarihynyng kitapta beynelenui. Astana tarihy kitapta tek jazba týrde ghana emes,sonymen qatar qala tarihy, onyng ghiamarattary kórkem fotosuretter arqyly da beynelengen. Manyzdy derek kózderi retinde olar kitaptaghy avtor jetkizip otyrghan mәlimetterdi tolyqtyra týseri kýmәnsiz.

Zertteu júmysynyng hronologiyalyq shenberi ayasynda dýniyege kelgen bizding taqyrybymyzgha tikeley qatysty enbek, ol Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng 2005 jylghy “Qazaqstan ekonomikalyq, әleumettik jәne sayasy jedel janaru jolynda” atty Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauy. Áriyne, Joldaudyng Ata zanymyzda kórsetilgendey Preziydentting jyldaghy mindetti Joldauy retinde payda bolghandyghy belgili. Degenmen, búl Joldaudy Qazaqstan halqy erekshe manyzy bar tarihy Joldau retinde qabyldaghany da shyndyq. Onyng sayasiy-әleumettik manyzyn aitpay-aq, Joldaudyng birinshi tarauynyng “Biz neden bastadyq”-degen mәseleden bastalyp, ekinshi tarauda osy jyldar aralyghynda jýrip ótken jolymyzgha, naqty qol jetkizgen tabystarymyzgha, memleket qúru barysynda atqarylghan isterge  tereng taldau jasalynuy, enbekting derektik manyzyn arttyra týsken.

Memlekettiligimiz tarihynyng derek kózderining manyzdy bir bóligin N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng әr jyldary, әr týrli basylymdargha bergen súhbattary qúraydy. Olardyng bir toby jogharyda atalghan Jinaqtargha engen, endi bir bóligi gazet ne jornal betterinde saqtalynghan. Kóp jaghdayda N. Nazarbaev súhbattarynda ózi turaly ne memleket tarihyna  qatysty mәseleler turaly aitqan. Sondyqtan olar da bizding zertteu obektimiz bolyp tabylady. Mysaly, solardyng biri QR Preziydenti N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng 1997 jyly “Egemen Qazaqstan” gazetining bas redaktory U. Qalijan men sayasatker M. Qúl-Múhamedke bergen “Halyqtan jasyratyn eshtene joq”degen taqyryppen jariyalanghan súhbaty[120].

Sonymen qatar N. Á. Nazarbaevtyng Elbasy retinde QR mereytoylaryna arnap  1996, 2001 jәne 2006 jyldary saltanatty jiyndarda jasaghan bayandamalary da  tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigi tarihynyng derek kózderin qúraydy. El tәuelsizdigining 5, 10 jәne 15 jyldyghyna oray jasaghan óz bayandamalarynda Elbasy tәuelsizdik kepili retinde jana memleketting payda balu, qalyptasu jәne damu tarihy turaly oilaryn Qazaqstan halqyna jetkizip otyrghan.

Derektanulyq zertteude synyptau problemasynyng manyzy ýlken. Ol zertteushige naqty derekting nemese derek kózining ereksheligin anyqtaugha jәne sol erekshelikten shygha otyryp zertteu tәsilderin paydalanugha mýmkindik beredi. Osy qaghidagha say N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterin tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memleketi tarihynyng derek kózi retinde kezendik, hronologiyalyq, taqyryptyq, mazmúndyq, maqsattyq, formalyq t. b. prinsipterge say synyptaugha bolady. Mysaly, 1991 jyly jaryq kórgen “Ádiletting aq joly” kenestik kezende dayyndalyp, jariyalanghan enbekke jatsa, basqa derek kózderi retinde qarastyrylyp otyrghan N. Nazarbaev enbekteri tәuelsizdik kezinde jariyalanghan enbekterge jatady. Al, olardyng derek kózderi retindegi erekshelikteri de sol kezenderding erekshelikterinen tuyndaydy.

Atap aitqanda, “Ádiletting aq joly” Qazaqstannyng әli de bolsa KSRO-nyng qúramynda, sayasy biylikting Ortalyqtyn, yaghny Mәskeuding jәne KOKP basshylarynyng qolynda túrghan kezinde jazylghan. Búl faktordyng kitaptyng mazmúnyna әser etkendigi týsinikti. Sondyqtan avtor respublika aldynda túrghan problemelardy jalpy Odaqtyq problemalar konteksinde qaraghan. Al, basqa enbekterde tәuelsiz memleket qúru tarihy bayandalghan. Degenmen, olardyng ózderin de tәuelsizdik tarihynyng damu kezenderine say synyptau qajet bolady. Mysyly, tәuelsizdikting bastapqy kezeninde dýniyege kelgen enbekter men songhy jyldary payda bolghan enbekterding arasynda ýlken aiyrmashylyqtar bar. Eger, óten ghasyrdyng 90-shy jyldarynyng birinshi jartysyndaghy enbekterde negizinen eldegi sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq ózgeristerge baylanysty tuyndaghan qiyndyqtar men jana memleket qúrudyng teoriyalyq negizderi men joldary turaly aitylsa, keyingi enbekterde qol jetken tabystar men tәuelsizdikti odan әri nyghaytu baghyttary turaly aitylghan.

Hronalogiyalyq prinsipke say synyptau da N. Nazarbaev enbekterining әr qaysynyng erekshelikterin anyqtay týsuge mýmkindik beredi. Mysyly, 1993 jyly QR birinshi Konstiutsiyasynyng qabyldanuy elde parlamentik-preziydentik sayasy biylik jýiesining qalyptasuyn zang jýzinde bekitse, 1995 jyldyng 30 tamyzynda býkilhalyqtyq referendum arqyly qabyldanghan Ata zanymyz elde Preziydenttik basqaru formasynyng ornaghandyghyn zang jýzinde bekitti. Osyghan say enbekterding de 1995 jyldyng tamyzyna deyingi enbekter jәne odan keyingi enbekter bolyp synyptaluy mýmkin.

Sonmen qatar, N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterin taqyryptaryna jәne mazmúnyna qaray da synyptau tәsilin paydalanugha bolady. Olardy mazmúny jaghynan: sayasi, әleumettik, ekonomikalyq mәselelerge, halyqaralyq qatnastargha nemese syrtqy sayasatqa, últtyq qauipsizdikke, últtar dostyghyna, qazaqstar qauymdastyghyna, últ tarihyna, el keleshegine t.t. arnalghan enbekter dep synyptaugha bolady. Áriyne, onyng bәri shartty týrdegi synyptaular ekendigi týsinikti. Óitkeni N. Nazarbaev enbekteri el ómirining barlyq salasyn qamtidy, sondyqtan olardan әr aluan mәseleler boyynsha manyzdy mәlimetter alugha bolady. Degenmen shartty synyptaulardyng ózi de zertteushige zerteu maqsatyna say óz keregin tabugha kómekteseri kýmәnsiz.

Payda bolu formasy jaghynan da N. Nazarbaev enbekteri әr aluan bolyp keledi. Olar: zamanhattyq sipattaghy enbekter, estelikter, oy tolghaular, súhbattar, Joldaular, bayandamalar, maqalalar t.t. Keyde osylardyng birnesheui kezdesetin kýrdeli enbekter de bar. Olardyng әr qayysy da ózderine say derektanulyq taldau tәsilderin qoldanudy qajet etedi. Sonymen qatar Elbasy tuyndylarynyng arasynda ózining payda bolu formasy jaghynan erekshe tuyndy bolyp tabylatyn — ólender de bar. N. Nazarbaevtyng halyq arasyna keng taraghan birneshe әn mәtinderining avtory ekendigi kópshilikke belgili. Bodandyq qoynauynda dýniyege kelip, býgingi kýni elimizding әn-úranyna ainalghan “Mening Qazaqstanym” da Nazarbaev sózderimen tolyqtyrylyp, tәuelsiz elding әn-úrany dәrejesine ie boldy.

N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekteri tarihy derek kózi retinde saqtalu formasy jaghynan da әr aluan. Olar búharalyq aqparat qúraldarynyng negizgi týrin qúraytyn – gazet ne jornaldarda, jeke kitaptar men kitapshalarda jәne aqparat kózderining eng jana týri — internette qazaq, orys jәne basqa da kóptegen últtardyng tilinde saqtaluda. Jәnede solardyng kóbi qazaq nemese orys tilinde tilinde payda bolghan týpnúsqalyq enbekter bolyp tabylady. Búl derektanu ghylymy ýshin manyzy asa ýlken faktor.

Qoryta aitqanda, N. Nazarbaev enbekterining tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigi tarihynyng derek kózderi retinde payda boluynyng obektivtiligi, KOKP-nyng 1985 jylghy sәuir Plenumynan keyin bastalghan KSRO-daghy qoghamdyq qúbylystarmen tikeley baylanysty. “Qayta qúru” degen atpen bastalghan qoghamdyq prosess KSRO-nyng ydyrap, tәuelsiz respublikalardyng payda boluymen ayaqtaldy. Al, ol, óz kezeginde, basqa da búrynghy odaqtas respublikalardghy siyaqty, Qazaqstanda da jana memleket qúrugha alyp keldi. Osynyng bәri N.Á. Nazarbaev enbekterinde beynelendi. Demek, N. Nazarbaev ózi kuә bolyp, belsene aralasqan qoghamdyq qúbylystar turaly jazu arqyly, tәuelsiz Qazaqstan tarihynyng ózindik erekshelikteri bar manyzdy derek kózderin jasady.

Sheksiz biylikke ie bolghan KOKP basshylyghyn synaghan “Ádiletting aq joly…” atty kitabynyng KSRO ómir sýrip túrghan kezde payda boluy, ondaghy tәuelsizdik qarsanynda qalyptasqan eldegi jaghday turaly mәlimetterding shynayylyq dengeyining joghary ekendigin dәleldese, tәuelsizdik jyldary dýniyege kelgen enbekterinde óz memleketimizdi qayta qalyptastyru tarihynyng beynelenui N. Nazarbaev enbekterin tәuelsiz Qazaqstan memlekettigi tarihynyng manyzdy jazba derek kózderine ainaldyryp otyr. Sonymen qatar, N. Nazarbaev enbekterin payda bolghan uaqytyna, mazmúny men maqsatyna, janyry men formasyna qaray synyptau, әr enbekting ózindik erekshelikterin eskere otyryp, sol erekshelikterge say derektanulyq taldau tәsilderin qoldanu qajettigin kórsetedi.