Qoqan handyghy túsynda ontýstik ónirde biylik jýrgizgen datqalar turaly tyng derekter tabylyp otyr. Búl derekterdi shymkenttik tarihshy-ghalym D.Daniyarbekov Tashkenttegi arhivten alghan.

Qoqan handyghy túsynda ontýstik ónirde biylik jýrgizgen datqalar turaly tyng derekter tabylyp otyr. Búl derekterdi shymkenttik tarihshy-ghalym D.Daniyarbekov Tashkenttegi arhivten alghan.

Ontýstik ónir men Tashkentti baghyndyrghan, jergilikti halyqty ayausyz qyrghynshylyqqa úshyratqan, әsirese, Áulieata men Shymkent bekinisterin aluda qatygezdik kórsetken, әskery joryqty basqarghan general Chernyaev әr atqarghan isterine Peterbordaghy soghys ministri Borisovke esep berip otyrghan. Generaldyng jibergen qúpiya habarlamasyn oqyp tanysqanda, Bayzaq datqanyng qayghyly ólimine tikeley ózi sebepshi ekenin, bәrin óte qúpiya úiymdastyrghanyn ashyq jazghan. Qúpiya habarlamada tó­men­degidey aqpar jiber­gen: «Asa mәrtebeli soghys ministri. Patsha aghzamnyng tapsyrmasyn oryndauda ayanyp jat­qanymyz joq, ózderinizding bergen núsqaularynyz boyynsha ózimizding soldattardyng ómirin saqtau maq­satynda, eldi mekender men be­kinisterdi alu kezinde zenbirekter men jergilikti adamdardy (tuzemsy) kóbirek paydalanudamyz.
Ózinizge, aldyndaghy habarlamalarda jazghanymday, búryn Qoqan handyghy túsynda, ontýstik ónirdi biylegender Bayzaq, Sapaq, Shoqay datqalar (datqa-general shenindegi әskery biyleushi) bizge azyq-týlikpen, attarmen, sarbazdarmen kómektesti.
Bayzaq datqanyng ózi 1000 sarbaz bóldi, basshysy - ózining úly. Búl kisilerge patsha aghzamnyng kelisimine oray, sizding búiryghynyzben be­rilgen ofiyserlik shen, mayor ataghyn kiyimdermen, syi-siyapatpen qosa berdim. Osy ofiyserlik ataqqa, syilargha búl kisiler riza boldy. IYeligindegi jerlerin bala-shaghalarymen mәngilik paydalanu jónindegi kuәlik qújattardy da berdim. Búl kisilerding arasyndaghy Batyrbek datqa - men ýshin óte qúpiya túlgha. Islam dinine, salt-dәstýrine óte berik. Orystardy jatdindiler deydi. Basqa datqalargha qaraghanda Ontýstik ónirde, halyq arasynda ataq-abyroyy óte zor, búlardy ózge datqalar da ashyq moyyndaydy. Ontýstik ónir Batyrbek datqanyng yqpalynda bolghan. Óz qarajatyna jergilikti halyq ýshin, ónirding birneshe eldi mekenderin­de, Samarqandtan qúrylysshylar, kýidirilgen kirpishter aldyrtyp, zәulim, sәuletti meshitter (bizdinshe, hram) men medreseler (shkola) saldyrtqan. Búlar qazir halyqqa qyzmet jasauda. Shkolda jas tuzemester Islam dininde bilim aluda. Birneshe shaqyrym kanaldar, kóptegen su qoymalaryn (toghan) saldyrtqan, taldar ekkizip, jergilikti halyqty auyl-auyl (selo) etip ornyqtyryp, tamdar saldyrtqyzyp, halyqtyng túraqty otyruyna jaghday jasaghan. Jergilikti halyq kanaldardy paydalanyp, biday, tary, jýgeri, t.b. azyq-týlikterin egip, dayyndap aluda. Búrynghyday Iran, Qoqan, Samarqand saudagerlerinen qymbat baghagha azyq-týlikterin satyp almaydy. Osy enbegi ýshin ontýstik ónir halqy Batyrbek datqany qatty qadirleydi.
Batyrbek datqa jóninde barlyq aqparatty zamandastary Bayzaq, Shoqay, Sapaqtardan bilip alghan son, ekinshi ret ol kisini ózime taghy da shaqyryp sóilestim. Birinshi kezdesuimizde әngimege rotmistr Sh.Uәlihanov qatysqan bolatyn. Ekinshi kezdesuimizge rotmister qa­tysqan joq, ol maghan renjip ekspedisiyadan ketip qalghan. Rot­mistrding maghan renjip ketuine, est­uimshe, Batyrbek datqanyng tikeley qatysy bar, sebebi ekeui onasha kezdesken, rotmistrdi jatdindilerge kómektesip jýrsing dep kinәlaghan, óz halqyna qarsy soghysyp jýrsing dep aiyptaghan kórinedi. Osylargha shydamaghan rotmistr Sh.Uәlihanov ekspedisiyadan ketti.
Batyrbek datqa kezdesuge balasy, taghy da 4-5 kisimen keldi. Eshnәrse sezdirmeydi. Baghynghan pishin kórsetedi. Biraq senbeymin. Óte ailaker, ústamdy, sheber sayasatker, bәrin beybit jolmen sheshudi qalaydy. Sarbazdargha azyq-týlik beremin dep aldynda uәde bergenimen, dәleldi sebepter aityp, eshqaysysyn oryndaghan joq. Ashyq jazalayyn desem, halyqtyng tolquynan qauiptenemin. Óz biyligindegi halyqty, aldyn ala bizding ekspedisiya әskerleri jýretin jol boyynan, úrys bolatyn jerlerden alysqa kóshirip jibergen.
Áulieata bekinisin alu kezinde bizding ekspedisiya qúramy biraz shyghyngha úshyradyq. Shymkent bekinisin aluda shyghyngha jol bermes ýshin, bekinis basshysynan (garnizon) bekinisti beybit jolmen berudi talap etu ýshin kelissózge datqalardy jiberu ýshin Bayzaq, Shoqay, Sapaq, Batyrbek datqalardy shaqyrttym. Búl shaqyruyma tek Bayzaq datqa balasymen keldi, ol Áulieata bekinisine jaqyn túratyn. Qalghan ýsh datqalar kezdesuge kelmedi. Habarshylaryn jiberip, dәleldi sebepter aitypty. Búl datqalardyng mekenderi bizden alysta bolatyn. Uaqyt tyghyz bolghandyqtan, Shymkent bekinisining basshysyna ulitimatumdy jetkizudi Bayzaq datqagha tapsyrdym. Shymkent bekinisin úryssyz bersin, әitpese qyrghyn bolady dep eskerttim. Bayzaq barudan bas tartty, bara salysymen Qoqan әskerbasylary meni kәpirlerge satyldyng dep óltiredi dep ashyq aitty. Men Bayzaqqa: «qoryq­panyz, sizdi óltirmeydi, siz patsha aghzamnyng әskery ekspedisiyalyq korpusynyng ókili retinde, diplomat bolyp bara jatyrsyz» dep týsindirdim. «Qasynyzda tilmash, eki kishi ofiyserler bolady» dedim. Bayzaq barugha kóndi, amaly joq edi, qatyn-balalary, auyldary Áulieata bekinisine jaqyn ornalasqandyqtan, mening baqylauymda bolatyn.
Bayzaq datqanyng kelissózden tiri qaytpaytynyn bildim, sol ýshin de orys ofiyserlerin qasyna qospadym, tatar tilmash pen eki tatar unter-ofiyserlerin qostym, barlyghy músylmandar ghoy (magometiandar).
Qoqan әskerbasylardyng datqa­largha degen ashu-yzasyn aldyn ala bilip otyrdym, orystargha kómekteskenderi ýshin olar ayamaytyn edi.
Mening maqsatym ke­lissózge barlyq dat­qalardy jibertip, kóz­derin Qoqan әskery basshy­lyq­tyng qolymen joyyp, jergilikti halyqty kósemsiz qaldyru edi. Biraq Bayzaqtan basqalary dәleldi sebepter aityp, kelmey qaldy. Biraq kózdegen maqsatyma az da bolsa qol jetkizdim.
Bayzaq datqany qasyndaghy nókerlerimen qosa óltirgen, tek Bayzaqtyng balasy aman qashyp shyqqan. Bayzaqtyng ólimin óz maqsatyma paydalandym, onyng ólimine Sapaq, Shoqay, Batyrbek datqalar kinәli, ózderi birge kelissózge barmady. Bayzaqty jalghyz jiberdi dep jergilikti senimdi adamdar arqyly sybys ta­rattym. Búl qúpiya әreketim óz jemisin berip jatyr. Qazir maghan kelip jatqan astyrtyn mәlimetter boyynsha, Bayzaqtyng keybir tuystary basqa datqalardyng tuystarymen araz boluda. Biraq búl sybysqa ru, taypa aqsaqaldary, halyq senbeytin kórinedi. Mening әreketimning isi dey­tin kórinedi. Datqalardyng kezinde úsaq-týiek arazdasuy bolghany­men, bir-birlerin satpaytyndyghy­na, ólimge qimaytynyna aqsaqaldar, halyq senimdi.
Bayzaqty qasyndaghy nóker­lerimen birge tútqyndap, óltirdi degen habardy aman kelgen balasynan estip, Shymkent bekinisin alugha tez attandyq. Jergilikti sarbazdardy, halyqty Bayzaqtyng ólimi ýshin qoqandyqtardan kek alugha ýgittedim. Bekiniske jaqyndap, әskery bekinis basshysynan beybit berulerin talap ettim, olar jauap retinde bizderge oq atty. Men bekinisti zenbirekpen atqylaugha búiryq berdim. 2000 qyrghyz-qaysaq sarbazdaryn úrysqa qostym, ózimizding orys soldattaryn úrysqa jibergenim joq. Bekinisti 7 kýnnen song aldyq, qyrghyz-qaysaq sarbazdarynan 300-dey sarbaz aman qaldy. Bekinis ishindegi halyq kóp qyrylghan, sanau mýmkin emes. Jinap, kómdirdim.
Beybit halyqtyng kóp qy­rylghanyna bizder emes, qoqandyq әskery basshylyq pen datqalar kinәli, beybit kelisimge kelmegen dep taghy da sybys tarattym. Qansha әdis-ayla jasaghanymyzben, jergilikti halyq osy zorlyq-zombylyqty, qyrghyndy kәpirler, jatdindiler jasauda, búlar músylmandardyng qas jauy dep týsinedi. Bizge senbey­di. Sondyqtan ontýstik ónirding kósemderi Shoqay, Sapaq, Batyrbek datqalar arqyly әreket etuimiz kerek. Aldynda Shoqay, Sapaq, tiri kezinde Bayzaq datqalargha ofiyserlik ataqtar, (mayor) basqa da syi-siyapat jasadyq, olar riza. Batyrbek datqa ol kezde búl syilyqtardan birden bas tartty. Batyrbek - aqyldy, kóregen túlgha, bәrin oy tarazysynan ótkizip, eli­ning Reseyding qaramaghyna ótkendigin uaqyt óte ózi de týsinedi. Birden bolmasa da, birtindep moyyndaydy. Batyrbek qazir 70-ten asqan, ary ketse 10-15 jyl ómir sýrer, dinderi, salt-dәstýrleri, meshit-medreseleri búrynghyday qalulary qajet, aralaspauymyz kerek. IYeligindegi bar jerlerdi mәngilik ózinizdin, úrpaqtarynyzdyng iyeliginde dep kuәlandyryp beruimiz kerek. Bar­lyq músylman memleketterine baryp keluine erkindik beruimiz kerek, Mekke men Mediynege de.
Batyrbek datqagha basqa dat­qalargha qaraghanda ózgeshe syilyq tartuymyz kerek. Bәsekeles datqa­lardy arazdastyru ýshin. Mәrtebeli soghys ministri, siz patsha aghzamgha mening ótinishimdi jetkizip, Batyr­bekting ózine polkovnik shenin bergizdirip, arnayy mundir tikkizip, qylysh (esimi jazylghan) jasattyryp jibersenizder eken. Batyrbek búl ataqtardy, syilyqty bәribir qabyldamaydy. Biraq halyq arasyna patsha aghzam men soghys ministri Batyrbekti erekshe enbegi ýshin osynday ataq, syilyqtarmen marapattady dep sóz taratamyn. Bәribir ol ataq pen syilyqtar Batyrbekting ózi qaytys bolghan song balalarynyng enshisinde bolady ghoy. Jergilik­ti halyqtyng kósemderine týrli dәrejedegi ataqtar men syilyqtar jasau arqyly arazdastyryp, bir­tindep ózimizge tәueldi etemiz.
Patsha aghzamymyzdyn, miy­nistr­lerding bilgirlikpen jasaghan josparlary, aila-tәsilderi, sayasaty kezinde soltýstik ónirdi mekendegen qyr­ghyz-qaysaqtardyng kósemderining alauyzdyghyn órshitip, Resey qa­ramaghyna ótulerin qamtamasyz etken joq pa? Osy sayasatty, әdis-aylany ontýstik ónir halqynyng kósemderin arazdas­tyru maqsatynda sizderding qam­qorlyqtarynyzben tezdetip iske asyruym kerek».
Mine, zymiyandyq sayasat ústan­ghan, patshalyq Reseyding ekspediy­siyalyq әskery korpusynyng bas­shysy, general Chernyaevting ontýstik ónirdi jaulap alu kezinde qanday aila-tәsil qoldanghany arhiv derekterinen belgili bolyp otyr.
Biylik basynda bolghan datqa­lar­dyng tughan-tuystaryn, úrpaq­taryn, bir-birlerimen qalay jau­lastyrghanyn arhivtegi derek ai­ghaqtaydy. Bir jarym ghasyr boyy ailaly general Chernyaevting qasaqana úiymdastyrghan ósegine, jalasyna qazaq halqy senip keldik. Bayzaq datqanyng qayghyly ólimin ózining zamandastarynan, bir-birlerimen syilasyp jýrgen datqalardan kórip keldik. Aylaly jala, ósek sanamyzdy bir jarym ghasyr boyy ulady, sendirdi. Chernyaevting taratqan ósek-jalasynyng uyty әli de sanamyzdan óshken joq, ókinishti-aq. Kenes ókimeti Chernyaevting Ontýstik ónirde uaqytynda jýrgizgen, iske asyrghan ailaly sayasatyn odan әri damytyp, óz maqsattaryna sheber paydalandy. Kenes ókimetining sayasaty, ýgit-nasihaty bir maqsatty kózdedi, ol - qazaq halqy Reseyge óz erikterimen qosyldy, otarlau, zorlyq-zombylyq bolghan joq.
Chernyaevting ontýstik ónir­di basyp alu kezinde, әskery ekspedisiyasyna azyq-týlikpen, sarbazdary­men kómektesken datqalar, biyler, t.b. Reseyding dostary dep esepteldi de, Islamdy, músylman bauyrlaryn jaqtaghan, halqy men elin jatdindilerding otarlauyna ashyqtan-ashyq qarsy bolghan Batyrbek datqa men onyng tughan-tuystary, úrpaqtary patshalyq Reseyding keyin Kenes ókimetining jaulary dep esepke alynyp, jasyryn qudalaugha úshyrady. Kenes ókimeti Batyrbek datqanyng ontýstik ónirde, biylik basynda bolghan uaqytynda óz qarajatyna túrghyzylghan Jualy audanyndaghy Batyrbek datqa sazyndaghy (Kýren­bel auyly), Qoshqarata ózeni bo­yyndaghy Qoshqar ata auyly, Talas audanyndaghy Kóktal, Qyzylәuit, Say­ram audanyndaghy Qaynarbúlaq, Qarabúlaq eldi mekenderinde kýi­dirilgen kirpishten túrghyzylghan zәulim, sәuletti meshit-medreseleri ayausyz talqandaldy. Ózining kýmbezi de qiratyldy. Týlkibas, Sayram, Jualy audandaryndaghy qazdyrtqan su kanaldary, Talas audanyndaghy Kóktal (qazir shipajay), Qyzylәuit su qoymalaryn saldyrtqan, (toghan) qazdyrtqan su kanaldary, halyqty auyl-auyl etip, ornyqtyrghan, tamdar saldyrtqan, tal-aghashtar ekkizgen, t.b. enbekterin Kenes ókimeti halyqtyng jadynan óshiruge tyrysty.
Batyrbek datqanyng búl en­bekteri jazushy M.Qaldybaev­tyng «Bәidibek baba armany» atty kitabynda naqty derektermen kórsetilgen.
Batyrbek datqanyng úrpaqta­ryn qudalaugha úshyratyp, kýn kórsetpedi. Lauazymdy qyz­met­terge almady. T.Rysqúlov­tyng qamqorlyq kórsetuining nәtiyje­sinde ýrim-bú­taqtary aman qaldy.
Memleketimizding tә­uelsiz­digine bir jyldan song 20 jyl tolady. Osy merzim arasynda Shoqay, Bayzaq, Sapaq dat­qalardyng esimderi eldi mekenderge, audan, mektepterge, Taraz qalasyndaghy kóshelerge berildi. Enbekteri eskerusiz qalghan joq. Halqyna, eline ólsheusiz enbek sinirgen Batyrbek datqanyng enbegi eskerusiz qaluda. Tarihy derekterge jýginsek, qazaq halqynyn, patshalyq Reseydin, kenestik dә­uirding túsynda dinsizdenuden, óz­derining salt-dәstýrinen tútastay ajy­rap qalmauynan, mәngýrttenuden saqtap qalghan, birinshiden, Allanyng rahymy bolsa, ekinshiden, ontýstik ónirde Batyrbek datqanyn, sol­týstik ónirde Qúnanbay qajy­nyng saldyrtqan meshit-medreselerining jer­­­­­gilikti halyqtyn, әsirese, jas jet­kinshekterding diny sauat­ty­lyqtaryn ashudaghy, salt-dәstýr ústanymdaryn berik ústaudaghy ýgit-nasihat, oqytu júmysta­rynyng orny erekshe boldy.
Batyrbek datqa men Qúnanbay qajy 1874 jyly qajylyqqa bar­ghanda, Mekkede ózge de qazaqtyng iygi jaqsylarymen birigip, qarajat shygharysyp, ýsh qonaqýy (tәqiya) túrghyzghan.
Batyrbek datqa qazaqtyng 19-ghasyrda ómir sýrgen bedeldi iygi jaqsylarymen aralasyp, syilas bolghan. Datqanyng ýiinde (Datqa sazyndaghy qystauy) Kenesary han, Qúnanbay qajy, Músa Shormanov, Tezek tóre, Sypatay batyr, datqalar, ataqty biyler, aqyn-jyraular, qyrghyz manaptary bir­neshe ret qonaqta bolghan.
Batyrbek datqa - últymyzdyng tarihy túlghasy. Osy uaqytqa deyin «Egemen Qazaqstan», Jambyl oblys­tyq «Aq jol» gazetterinde tarihy túlghanyng enbegining eskerusiz qalyp kele jatqandyghy turaly filolog-ghalymdar, tarihshylar, jazushylar, oblystyq, audandyq mәslihat deputattary, aqsaqaldar, t.b. atynan bir­neshe kólemdi maqalalar jazyldy.
Batyrbek datqanyng esimi ózi tuyp-ósken Kýrenbel eldi mekenine (Jualy audany), mektepke, Taraz qalasynyng bir kóshesine berilse, tarihy oryn negizinde qystauy men meshiti ornalasqan oryndy «Mәdeny múra» baghdarlamasy negizinde memle­kettik tizimge engizip, tarihy oryn dep jariyalansa degen ziyaly qauymnyn, halyqtyn, mәslihat deputat­tarynyn, t.b. (bas­pasóz betterinde jariyalaghan) ótinishteri Jambyl oblysynyng Jualy auda­nynyng basshylary tarapynan qoldau tabady, Batyrbek datqanyng tarihy enbegi layyqty baghalanady dep senemiz.

M.Myrzahmetov
QR Memlekettik syilyghynyng iyegeri, filologiya ghylymdarynyn
doktory, professor;
S.Joshybaev,
QR Últtyq Ghylym akademiyasynyn
korrespondent-mýshesi
kardiohirurg, professor;
Q.Bóleev,
pedagogika ghylymdarynyn
doktory, professor;
A.Óteuliyn,
Jambyl oblysynyn
Qúrmetti azamaty

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