Beysenbi, 16 Mamyr 2024
Dәstýr 10257 2 pikir 16 Aqpan, 2016 saghat 04:49

COPYLYQTYNG JAUY - UAHABIYLER...

Qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy sopylyq jol arqyly qalyptasqany, búl joldy qalyptastyruda Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdyng eren enbegi bolghandyghyn búryndary eshkim joqqa shyghara almaytyn. Biraq songhy jyldary syrttan kelip jatqan uahhabiylik-salafiylik uaghyzdar yqpalymen halyqtyng sanasyna selkeu týskeni, jastar arasynda qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanym negizderin mýlde joqqa shygharatyn «әsire dinshilderdin» payda bolghandyghyn kórip jýrmiz.  

Ókinishke oray, sopylyqqa qarsy BAQ betterinde jariyalanghan maqalalardyng da halyq sanasynda teris kózqaras qalyptastyrghanyn joqqa shyghara almaymyz. Sola bola túrsa da, biz, qazaq halqy sopylyq joldan bas tarta almaytynymyzdy týsinuge, úghynugha tiyispiz. Óitkeni, bar ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysymyz, diny dýniyetanymymyz osy sopylyq jol arqyly qalyptasty. Ol joldan bas tartu qazaq halqynyng ata-babalarynyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptastyryp, bizge qaldyrghan ruhany mәdeniyetinen, diny dýniyetanymynan, solardyng yqpalymen qalyptasqan әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrinen tolyghymen bas tartu bolar edi. Basqasha aitar bolsaq, qazaq halqyn halyq retinde tarih sahnasynan óz qolymyzben ketirgen bolar edik. Ol jol biz sonshalyqty bas tartatynday, ózgening aldynda úyaltatynday, bizding ata-babalarymyz jaman jolda jýrip pe edi? Ózgelerden kem bolyp pa edik? Joq! «Jetimin qanghyrtpaghan, jesirin jylatpaghan», «ar úyalar is qylmaghan, zerek aqyldyn» sonyna ergen, telisi men tentegin aqylmen tiya bilgen, týrmesi bolmaghan, kiyeli biyler men oraq tildi sheshenderding sonyna ergen, sharighattan attamaghan halyq edik. Eldigimizden airylsaq, ózgege bodan bolsaq, sol ata-babalarymyz salyp ketken joldan auytqyghandyghymyz ýshin Tәnir Taghalanyng bizge bergen jazasy bolatyn. Ókinishke oray, biz sol tarihtan sabaq ala almadyq. Tәnir Taghala bizge býgingi kýni  ghayytan Tәuelsizdik berip, Egemen el qylghanda, taghy da shatasyp, jat diny aghymdardyng jeteginde ketip bara jatqan jayymyz bar. Sonyng bәri bizding ózimizdi-ózimiz tany almaghandyqtan tuyndap otyrghan qaterler ekendigin moyynday almay kelemiz. Payghambarymyz Múhammetting (s.a.s) «Kim de kim ózin-ózi tanysa, IYesin de tanidy» degen hadiysi bar. Biz sol ózimizdi de, IYemizdi de tany almay kelemiz. IYemizding bizge bergen sansyz nyghmetterining de qadirine jete alar emespiz. Sonda da bolsa, halyq ata-babalarynyng jolynyng qadir-qasiyetin әli de bolsa seziner, týsiner, qayta moynyn búrar degen ýmitpen sopylyq jol, tariqat turaly bilgenderimdi halyqpen bólisudi jón kórdim.

    Sopylyq jol degenimiz ne? Sopylyq joldyng sharighat jolynan qanday ereksheligi bar? Sopylyq jol qalay shyqty? Búl súraqtargha jauap beru onshalyqty onay emes. Sopylyq jolgha týsu degenimiz, Múhammet Payghambardyng (s.a.s.) ruhany әlemine ótu, Payghambar (s.a.s.) ruhymen sabaqtastyqta bolu degendi bildiredi. Búl jerde Payghambardyng (s.a.s.)  ruhany әlemi degenimiz ne? – degen zandy súraq tuyndary haq. Payghambar (s.a.s.) ruh әlemine qalay ótti? Búl mәseleni tarqatyp aitatyn bolsaq, biletinder bylaysha bayandaydy: «Jebireyil (a.s) alghash Payghambarymyzben (s.a.s.)  kezdeskende appaq qaghazdy kórsetip, Payghambarymyzgha (s.a.s.)  «Mynany oqy!» dedi. Ol (s.a.s.)  «Men oqu bilmeymin» - dep, jauap berdi. Shyn mәninde Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.)  dýniyelik dengeyde bilimsiz, sauatsyz edi. Onyng pendelik aqyl-esinde Qúrannyng kóshirmesi joq bolatyn. Jebireyil (a.s.) Payghambarymyzdy keudesine tartyp, qysyp-qysyp jiberedi. Sol sәtte ghajayyp, bir keremetting әseri yqpal etti. Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.)  dýniyelik dengeyden ajyrap, Jan-dýniyesining qaline shomyp ketti. Ol osy sәtte Jebireyil (a.s.) arqyly Áruaq әlemine kirip edi. «Oqy» - dep aitqan ayatty sudyrata jóneldi.» Egerde Payghambarymyz osylay ruh әlemine ótpegen bolsa, onda Ol kisige payghambarlyq kelmegen bolar edi. Búl Payghambarymyzdy (s.a.s.)  Jebireyil (a.s.) Alla Taghalanyng әmirimen ruh әlemine ótkizui arqyly payghambarlyq dәrejege kóterdi. Ol ruh әlemine Payghambarymyz (s.a.s.)  ghana emes, onyng sonyna ergen sahabalary da ótken bolatyn. Alayda, uaqyt ótken sayyn búl ruh әlemimen aradaghy baylanys әlsirep, kómeski tarta bastady.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Osy kómeski tartqan baylanysty ýzbey qayta jalghaghan alghashqy sopylar edi. Islam ghúlamalary sopylyq ilimning payda boluyn Payghambar men onyng sahabalarynan, olardyng izbasarlarynan keyin islam dinining quatynyng әlsireuimen baylanystyrady. Sopylyqty zertteushi Abd al-Qadyr Isa:  «Búl jaghday olardyng ishindegi ruhany joghary dәrejege jetkenderin sopylyq ilimdi jasaugha iytermeledi. Búl kezde din ýshin [sopylyq ilimning shyghuy] asa manyzdy boldy jәne búl islamdaghy joghalyp  bara jatqan ruhanilyqty qayta qalpyna keltiruge mýmkindik berdi,- deydi[1]. Biraq búl sopylyq islamnan keyin shyqty degendi bildirmeydi. Biz enbegine silteme jasap otyrghan Abd al-Qadyr Isa sopylyqtyng shyghuy turaly doktor Ahmed Alivashtyng myna pikirin keltiredi: «Kóptegen adamdar islamnyng alghashqy kezinde sopylyq turaly esh habar joqtyghyn, onyng Payghambar (s.a.s.)   men Payghambar (s.a.s.)  sahabalary, olardyng izbasarlary ómirden ketken song ghana payda bolu sebebin súraydy. Búl súraqqa jauap mynaday. Islamnyng alghashqy ghasyrynda sopylyqqa eshqanday qajettilik bolghan joq. Óitkeni, ol kezde Qúdaydan qorqatyn, onyng jolynda jýrgen adamdar kezeni edi. Olar bar jan-tәnimen Allagha berilgen bolatyn. Sebebi, olar Payghambardyng tikeley yqpalynda boldy. Onyng sahabalary bar jan-tәnimen Payghambargha úqsaghysy keldi. Sondyqtan olargha ózderin qúdaygha jaqyndatyn sopylyq ilimning qajeti bolghan joq. Sebebi, olardyng bәri sol jolda qyzmet etushiler edi»[2]. Demek, búl sopylyq ilim sol Payghambar zamanynyng ózinde payda bolghanyn,  biraq ilim retinde qalyptasuy, shyghuy islam dinindegi ruhanilyqty qayta qalpyna keltirumen baylanysty ekendigin kórsetedi. Sonymen birge, Múhammmet Payghambardyng (s.a.s.)  ózi Islamnyng ýsh negizining biri sopylyq ekendigin aitqandyghy turaly Omar Ibn Hattabtan jazyp alynghan hadiste anyq kórsetilgen. Bir kýni Múhammet payghambar (s.a.s) sahabalarymen otyrghanda. Aralarynda Omar ibn Hattab ta bar. Ýstine appaq kiyim kiygen bir kisi kirip  kelip, Payghambargha (s.a.s): «Islam degenimiz ne? Iman degenimiz ne? Ihsan degenimiz ne?»- degen ýshi súraq qoyady. Sonda Payghambar (s.a.s): «Islam – moyynúsynu, baghynu, bas ii; iman – senim, núr, kózqaras; ihsan – búl dinning shyn jýrekten shyqqandyghynyng kepili,»- dep jauap beredi. Ol kisi shyghyp ketkennen keyin Payghambar sahabalaryna «Búl kelgen kisi Jebreyil (a.s) edi. Senderge dinderindi ýiretuge keldi,»- deydi. Osyndaghy ýshinshi súraq «Ihsan» sopylyq turaly bolatyn.[3] Sopylyq ilim әr kezde adam balasyndaghy oi-pikir men is-әreketining tazalyghyn, jýregining tazalyghyn talap etti jәne sopylyq ilim ózining maqsat–múratyna jetu jolynda әr kezde Qúran ayattaryna arqa sýiedi. Onda sopylardyng qalay jýrip-túruy anyq kórsetilgen. Qúran ayattarynda bylay delinedi: «Qiyamet kýni Mening aldymda senderge mal-mýlik, perzent, baq-dәuletterinnen eshqanday payda joq. Tek, ol adam Maghan taza jýregimen kelse ghana payda bar» [(88:89) ]. Payghambar hadiysinde de jýrek tazalyghyna kóp mәn berilgen. Ol bylay deydi: «Denede júdyryqtay bir kesek et bar. Eger ol taza bolsa – býkil dene taza bolyp, óte kórkem bolady. Eger ol búzylyp, haqtan tayyp, jaman jolgha ketse, býkil dene búzylady. Bilinder jәne óte múqiyat bolyndar, onyng aty – jýrek!». Endi bir hadiysinde «Aqiqatynda Alla Taghala sizderding týrlerinizge jәne baylyqtarynyzgha  nazar salmaydy, biraq ta jýrekterinizge qaraydy» - deydi. Qúrannyng ayattary men Payghambardyng hadisterine sýiengen  sopylyq ilimning negizgi maqsaty adam jýregin jamandyqtan saqtap, taza ústaugha baghyttalghanyn, sol jýrek tazalyghy arqyly adamzat qoghamyn shyndyq pen әdilet jolyna, ruhany tazalyqqa tәrbiyeleytinin, baghyttaytynyn kóruge bolady. Sol jýrektegi ruhany tazalyq qalay qalyptasty? Sopylar imandy bekitu ýshin jýrekti qalay iske qosty? Mine, osy súraqtargha jauap taba alsaq, onda sopylyq ilimning mәni men maghynasyn týsinetindey dengeyge kóterile alamyz. Endigi kezekte osy mәselege kenirek toqtalyp kórelik.

Qoja Ahmet Yasauy halyq arasyna sopylyq joldy jay ýshin músylmannyng bes paryzynan tys, zikir ghibadatyn, jariya zikirdi týrkiler arasyna әkeldi. Biraq zikir ghibadaty Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding ózi engizgen janalyghy emes. Qúran Kәrim ayattary men  Payghambar hadisterinde zikir turaly az aitylmaghan. Mysaly, Qúran Kәrimde mynaday ayattar bar: «Meni eske alyndar, Men de senderdi eske alamyn jәne maghan shýkirshilik qylyndar da qarsy bolmandar»[2:152]. «Sanauly kýnde Allany eske alyndar»[2:203].

Búl ayattarda Úly Jaratushy Ózin eshqashan esten shygharmaudy búiyrady. Sonymen qatar, zikir ghibadatynyn  namazdan bólek ghibadat ekenin bildiretin ayattar da bar. Ol turaly Qúran Kәrimde bylay delinedi: «Ey, Habiybim, Qúran Kәrimen saghan uahy qylghan búiryqtarymdy oqy, namazyndy orynda! Aqiqatynda namaz adam úrpaqtaryn býkil tyiym salynghan sózderden, amaldardan saqtaydy. Zikir Úlyq Allagha jetkizetin tura jol. Sender nendey oimen, qanday amalmen shúghyldanyp túrghandaryndy Úlyq Alla biledi» I29:45].

Qúran Kәrimnen alynghan búl ayattar zikir ghibadatynyng islam dininde bar ekendigin dәleldeydi. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy de zikir ghibadaty turaly aitqanda óz oilaryn Qúran ayattarymen bekitip otyrady:

                   Zәkirlerge Qúday ózi uәde qyldy.

                   «Meni eske alghandardy Men de eske alamyn»- degen ayat keldi.

                   Fardust atty jәnnattan ókil keldi.

             Kelinder, jiylyndar, zәkir qúldar, zikir aitalyq.

Sopylyq tariqattarda qoldanylatyn zikir ghibadatynyng negizgi eki týri bar. Birinshisi, «zikr-y djahr» -«jariya zikir», ekinshisi, «zikr-y hafiy»-«qúpiya zikir». Yasauy jolynda búl zikirding eki týri de bar. Biraq kóbine jariya zikirdi zikir-dep, ishtey salynatyn týrin uәzipa dep ataydy. Yasauy jolynda zikirding búl eki týrinde de til mindetti týrde qatysady. Keybir tariqattarda «qúpiya zikir» ghana salynady. Biraq ol zikirde tilding qozghalmauy, zikirding tek jýrekpen aityluy shart. 

Yasauy jolynda salynatyn zikir týri – jariya zikir. Búl jariya zikirding ózi ishtey «alqa(halqa) zikir» jәne «arra zikir» bolyp ekige bólinedi. Yasauy hikmetterinde jariya zikirding eki týri turaly da hikmetter bar:

                Astanagha bashim qoyyp zary qylsam,

                 Halqa qúryp, kim zikir aitsa, yary barsam,

               Zikirin aityp, ol súhbatta durlar tersam,

               Jan ua dilda hay zikirin aityng dostlar

Nemese,

             Hu halqasy qúryldy, ay darushlar keliynlar.

             Haq sufrasy yayildy, andin ulush aliynlar.

             Hal ilimin oquban, hal ilimiga yetiban,

             Yoqlyq ichra batiban, barlyqlardan aliynlar.

       Osy mysalgha keltirilgen shumaqtardan alqa zikiri turaly, alqa zikirining mәn-maghynasy men maqsatyn kóruimizge bolady. Zikirding týpki maqsaty jýrekti tazalap, jýrek kózin ashu; ózgelerge sezilmeytin ilim nәrimen susyndatu. Osylay Qoja Ahmet Yasauy týrkiler arasyna zikir ghibadatyn engizu arqyly islam dinining mәnin týsinuge, Qúran syrlarynyng terenine sýnguge mýmkindik berdi.

Endigi kezekte sopylyqtaghy pir-murshiyd, qol beru degen mәselelerge qysqasha toqtalyp ótelik.  Pir-murshiyd-ústaz, - dep Allanyng tanyghan jandardy ataydy. Ústazdyqqa ylayyq boludyng birneshe sharty bar:

-ústazdyqtyng jalpy mindetterin bilu;

-Allany tanyghan-‘arif boluy;

-jýrekti tazau joldary men jýrekti tәrbiyeleuding qúraldaryn bilui;

-ózining aldyndaghy pirden-ústazdan rúqsat alghan boluy. Mine, osy sharttargha ylayyq, ústaz shәkirtterdi ruhany әlemge bastaytyn jolbasshy bola alady. Sonymen birge, ústazdyng taghy birneshe belgileri bar: Pirding birinshi belgisi, onyng qasynda bolghan kezde adam dinning qúdiretin sezinedi, ruhynyng tolysyp, joghary dengeyge jetkenin sezedi. Ústaz ne aitsa da, Alla jolyn nasihattaydy,  onyng aitqandarynan adam tek jaqsylyqty sezinedi.

Kelesi belgisi – pirding ózining serikteri men shәkirtterindegi senim men ruhany tazalyqty, shýkirshildikti kóre bilui. Qúdaygha degen, bir-birine degen shyn mahhabat sezimi ózinen kóri ózgelerge bolsyn degen pikirding qalyptasuyna әkeledi.

Ýshinshi belgisi – ústazdyng shәkirtteri arasynda týrli әleumettik toptar men týrli últ ókilderining boluy. Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.s.) serikteri de sonday toptardan qúralghan bolatyn.[4]

Mine osynday ústazdar sonyna ergen kez-kelgen jannyng ruhany jetiluine, tura jolda jýruine tolyq mýmkindigi bar. Ol ýshin ruhany әlemge úlasugha niyet etken jannyng ústaz tauyp, ekeuining arasynda anttasu rәsimi bolady. Búl rәsim «shәkirtting pirge qol berui» dep atalady. Búl jerde eskerte ketetin bir mәsele bar. Ol sopylyq joldaghy ústazdardyng Payghambardyng (s.a.s.) ruhany әlemdegi qyzmetin jalghastyrushylar ekendigi. Sondyqtan pirge qol beru adamgha qol beru bolyp eseptelmeydi. Pir arqyly Alla aldynda ant beru ekendigin pirge qol berushi sezinu kerek.  Ol turaly Qúarnda mynaday ayat bar: «Ey, Múhammet (s.a.s.)   rasynda, Sizge bayghat – sert etetinder, esh kýmәnsiz, Allagha ant etedi. Allanyng qoly olardyng qolynyng ýstinde bolady. Endi, kim (óz ant-sertin) búzsa, ol tek óz ziyanyna búzady. Kim Alla men sert-uәde etken nәrseni oryndasa, onda (Alla) oghan úly syy tartu etedi.» [48/10]. Pirge qol bergen adam, Alla aldynda ant bergendikten ant-uәdesine berik boluy kerek. Ol turaly Alla Taghala «Allagha ant bergen ekensinder,  bergen anttaryna bekem bolyndar» [16/91]- dep búiyrady.  Demek, pirge qol bergen adam jauabyn Alla Taghala aldynda beredi. Sondyqtan pirge qol bergen jan eshqashan tura joldan taymaydy, jamandyq jasamaydy. Alayda, sopylyq joldyng múnday ereksheligin Islamnyng alghashqy ghasyrlarynda halyq ta, dindarlar da, biylik te týsine qoyghan joq. Qanshama sopylar dargha tartyldy, otqa jaghyldy, qudalaugha týsirildi. Sol sebepti, sopylyq alghashqy ghasyrlarda jalpy halyqtyq sipat alghan joq, jeke ústazdardyng ainalasyna toptasqan sanauly adamdardyng iman-senimi retinde ómir sýrdi. Tek, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdyng sopylyq joldy tariqat dengeyine kóterui ghana búl joldyng jalpy halyqtyng iman-senimine ainaluyna mýmkindik berdi. Endigi kezekte tariqat degenimiz ne? Osy súraqqa jauap berip kórelik.

Tariqat – músylman dinin qabyldaghan halyqtardyng Islamnyng negizgi bes paryzyn qabyl etip, qalghan diny jol-joralghyny ruhany tanym negizinde qalyptastyra otyryp, qoghamdyq qatynastardy retteudi tolyghymen týrikterding ózining tabighy ereksheligine qaray qalyptasqan salt-dәstýrine beru dep aitsa bolady. Endi osy mәselelerdi Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz qalay sheshti, soghan qysqasha toqtalyp kórelik.

Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyge deyin sopylyq jeke túlghalardyng nemese belgili shayhtyng ainalasyna shoghyrlanghan toptyng ruhany jetilu tәjiriybesi bolsa, Yasauy ony jalpy qoghamnyng iman-senimine ainaldyra bildi. Búl adam balasynyng tanym ayasyn keneytti. Yasauiyge deyin Abu Hanifa, Imam Maturidy Allany tanuda naqyl men aqyldy, sezim mýshelerin qúral etse, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy búlardyng qataryna ruh әlemining mekeni-jýrekpen amal etudi qosty.

Yasauy ilimin filosofiyalyq túrghydan zerttegen Dosay Kenjetay Yasauiyding «kemel adam» tújyrymdasyna taldau jasay otyryp: «Ózin ózi tanu» ústanymy ózining ishki әlemining jeti qyryn anyqtap, terendep tanu arqyly adamnyng Allagha ashyluyn maqsat etse, «Ólmes búryn ól» ústanymy – adamnyng moralidyq-etikalyq jәne sopylyq ruhaniy-tәjiriybelik talaptar shenberinde tәrbiyelenip, Allanyng sipattarymen somdaluyna negizdelgen. Búl eki ústanym birin-biri tolyqtyryp túratyn teoriyalyq jәne tәjiriybelik qyrlar emes, ekeui birtútas. Yasauy iliminde osy tútastyqtyng mәni «yaqiyn», yaghny absoluttik tanym kategoriyasy arqyly ashylghan[5],» - deydi jәne búl absoluttik tanymnyng jeti satydan túratynyn aitady. Olar: ism-ul-yaqiyn, rasm-ul yaqiyn, ‘ilm-ul yaqiyn, ‘ayn-ul yaqiyn, haqq-ul yaqiyn, haqiqat-ul haqq-il yaqiyn, Allah-ul haqq-l yaqiyn.[6] Búl qabattardyng әrqaysysy on myng perdeden túratynyn, barlyghy jetpis myng perde barlyghyn, sol jetpis myng perdeden ótken adamnyng әuliyelik dәrejege kóterilitinin Yasauy babamyz ózining «Paqyr-nama» atty shygharmasynda jazghan bolatyn. Osy tanymdyq qabattardy qazirgi kýni kvanttyq fizikanyng súiyq denelerdi zertteytin salasy adam ruhynyn(janynyn) da qabattary ekendigin dәleldep otyr. Sol jeti nәzik qabattan túratyn adam janyn bylay ataydy: 1.Efirli dene. 2. Astralidi dene. 3.Mentalidi dene. 4. Kauzalidi dene. 5. Intuitivti dene. 6. Aspan denesi. 7. Tәj dene.[7]  Osy nәzik jeti qabattan túratyn denelerding adamnyng jany men tәni ajyraghannan keyingi qozghalysyn bylaysha sipattaydy. Efirli dene – adam qaytys bolghan kýnnen keyin toghyzynshy kýni óledi. Astralidi dene – adam qaytys bolghan song qyrqynshy kýni óledi. Mentalidy dene adam qaytys bolghannan keyin toqsanynshy kýni óledi[8]. Egerde biz osy kvanttyq fizika ghylymynyng ashqan janalyqtaryn qazaq halqynyng qaytys bolghan kisini jóneltuge qatysty әdet-ghúryptarymen salystyra qaraytyn bolsaq, onda ekeuining arasynda tikeley sabaqtastyq barlyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Qaytys bolghan kisining jetisi beriledi, qyrqy beriledi, odan keyin jýzi beriledi, jyly beriledi. Demek, qazaq halqynyng әdet-ghúryptary qaytys bolghan kisining ruhynyng qozghalysyn negizge alyp, olardyng qozghalysyna baylanysty ruhtyng әr qabatymen qoshtasu rәsmin ótkizedi. Múnyng ózi qazaq halqynyng ruh-әruahqa qatysty salt-dәstýrlerining qiyaldan shygharylmaghandyghyn, diny negizi barlyghyn jәne islam dini negizderimen sabaqtastyqta qalyptasqandyghyn kórsetedi. Búlargha qosa qazirgi kýni qoldanysta bar, biraq sebebi belgisiz qanshama qazaqtyng әdet-ghúryptary bar. Mysaly, jana tuylghan nәresteni qyrqynan shygharu, beysenbi, júma sayyn әruaqtargha arnalyp jeti nan berilui, taghy sonday ghúryptardyng da osy ruhtyng qozghalysyna baylanysty qalyptasqan aituymyzgha bolady. Búl Yasauy negizin salghan tariqat jolynyng ayasy tym ken, tanymy teren, ghylymy negizi bolghandyghynan, eki dýniyening isinen habary bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Búl mysaldar qazaq halqynyng diny dýniyetanymy men islamdyq salt-dәstýrleri tek sharighat shenberimen shektelmeytinin, tariqat joly arqyly da qalyptasqandyghyn kórsetedi. Demek, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy óz tariqatyn qalyptastyrghanda aldymen Islamnyng ruhany negizderine basa mәn berdi. Solargha arqa sýiedi. Búl Yasauy jolyndaghy halyqtyng iman-senimining Islamdyq negizderden ainymauynyng kepili boldy. Kóp jaghdayda Yasauy jolyndaghy halyqtyng imanynyng beriktigi jaghynan óz halyqtargha ýlgi bolatynda dәrejede edi. Búl eng aldymen qazaq halqyna tәn qalyptasqan qasiyet bolatyn. Kezinde qazaq «Malym janymnyng sadaghasy, janym arymnyng sadaghasy» - dep, ar-imanyn malynan da, janynan da artyq qoyyp edi. Ókinishke oray, búl kýnderi sol qazaqy bolmystan, ar-imannan ajyrap qalghan jayymyz bar.

Qoghamdyq qatynastardy retteudi Qoja Ahmet Yasauy tolyghymen týrkining kóneden kele jatqan salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrpyna berdi. Sebebi, týrkining әdet-ghúrpy men salt-dәstýrining ózi Alla Taghalanyng búl halyqqa bergen nyghmeti bolatyn. Onyng saqtaluyn Yasauy babamyz tariqattyng basty sharty dep bildi. Odan bas tartu halyqty tarih sahnasynan ketiruding basy bolatyn. Mine, osy aitylghandardy jinaqtap kóretin bolsaq, onda Islamnyng bes paryzyn negizge alyp, sopylyq joldyng jalpy zandylyqtaryna baghyna otyryp, әr halyqtyng ereksheligine oray, islamdyq ruhany negizderdi qalyptastyryp,  ózine tәn әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin qoldanugha mýmkindik beretin joldy tariqat dep ataytynyn kóruimizge bolady. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz osylay týrkining islam dinindegi jolyn, shenberin aiqyndap berdi. Búl joldan-shenberden tys týrki balasy ýshin islam dini bolghanymen, týrki mәdeniyeti joq bolatyn. Sol sebepti, Yasauiydi kezinde Aliysher Novay siyaqty ghúlama «Týrki júrtynyng qúbylasy» dep atady. Ózge ghalymdar Yasauiyge «Qtub al-Aqtab» degen at berdi. Ol da «týrki júrtynyng Temirqazyghy» degendi bildiretin. Búl jol-yasauiya tariqaty týrki halqynda jetekshi diny iydeologiyagha ainalghan kezde tarih sahnasyna Altyn Orda siyaqty úly memleketti shyghardy. Búl kiyeli joldan bas tartqanda týrkilerding memleketi kýirep, etnikalyq jiktelulerge týsip otyrdy. Asan Qayghy syndy úlylardyng absoluttik biylikke úmtylghan Jәnibek hangha qarsy jýrgizgen kýresi nәtiyjesiz ayaqtaldy. Ózbek úlysy ýshke bólingende, ózge diny aghymdy qabyldamay, Yasauy jolyna adal bolghan halyqty ghana qazaq dep ataghan edi. Qazaq handyghynyng biyleushilerining de Yasauy jolyna qarsy boluy, onyng ornyn basqa tariqatqa berui Qazaq memlekettigining kýireuine әkeldi. Yasauy jolynyng tarihtan ketuimen týrkining kóneden kele jatqan memlekettik jýiesi de kýiredi. Tәnir Taghala týrkilerding Ózining bergen nyghmetterinen bas tartyp, ózge diny joldy, ózge mәdeniyetti qabyldaghanyn keshire almady. Osylay týrki halyqtary ózgelerge bodan bolyp, otarlyq qamytyn moynyna ildi.    

Zikiriya Jandabek 

Abai.kz

 

 


[1] Abd al-Kadyr Isa. Istina sufizma. –Moskva: Izd. Dom «Ansar», 2004. s. 10

[2] Sonda, 8-9 bb.

[3] Sonda, 40 b.

[4] Abd al-Kadyr Isa. Istina sufizma. –Moskva: Izd. Dom «Ansar», 2004. ss. 37-38.

[5] D.Kenjetay. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy dýniyetanymy., 235.

[6] Sonda, 236.

[7] Ashirov A. Ekologiya soznaniya. –Týrkistan: «Túran», 2007. 25-27 bb

[8] Sonda.

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