Dýisenbi, 29 Sәuir 2024
jazylghan jaydyng janghyryghy 1693 19 pikir 7 Aqpan, 2024 saghat 14:14

Shynghys hanynyng týrki tarihyndaghy róli

Jaqynda Abai.kz saytynda Ómirzaq Aqjigitting «Maghauinning baghy men sory» atty kólemdi maqalasy jariyalandy. Búl maqala bastan ayaq Múhtar Maghauinning Shynghys handy úlyqtauyna, ol kisining Shynghys handy úly túlgha retinde tanuyna, bar qazaqtyng da Shynghys handy sol ózi tanyghan dengeyde tanysa degen niyetine qarsy.

Ol M.Maghauinnyn  myna jazghandaryn mysalgha keltire otyryp, syn tezine salady.: «Áytse de, «Qazaq júrty qanshama ólen-jyr, anyz-әpsanagha qosyp ardaqtaghan Shynghys han esimi bizding halqymyz ýshin, mine, 900 jylgha tartty, úran boldy, quat boldy, aqyry armangha ainaldy, al, onyng úrpaghy, yaghni, myna biz ýshin etken enbegi ghajayyp әri ghalamat» deytin aghamyz Shynghys hannyng sharapatyn nasihattaudan jalyghar emes,- dep, mynaday birneshe súraqtardy qoyypty: Osy Shynghys hannyng qazaq bolghanynan, әlemdegi eng alyp imperiya qúrghanynan qazaqqa keler qanday payda bar?

Osy imperiya qol astyndaghy elderge qanday jәne qanshalyqty mol jaqsylyq әkeldi?

Qay elderde ónerkәsip payda boldy, auyl sharuashylyghy qaryshtap algha basty?

Qay elderde arab halifatynday ghylym men bilim erekshe damydy?

Óner men әdebiyettin, sәulet pen mәdeniyetting ólmes, óshpes ýlgileri dýniyege keldi?

Maqala avtory osy súraqtardy qoya otyryp, Shynghys hannyng búl shapqynshylyghynan adamzat balasyna qasiretten basqa eshqanday payda bolmaghanyn algha tartyp, Shynghys handy adamzattyng soryna kelgen túlgha retinde tanytady. Demek, M.Maghauinning de sory osy túrghydan baghalanyp otyr.

Alayda, avtordy qazaq dalasynda ómir sýrgen nebir asyldar men abyzdardyng birde-biri Maghjandy qosqanda Shynghys hangha qarsy bir auyz qarsy sóz aitpaghandyghy oilandyrmaytyn siyaqty. Shynghys hannyng týrki tarihyndaghy rolin, adamzat tarihyndaghy rolin әste syzyp tastau mýmkin emestigin týsingisi kelmeydi. Egerde Shynghys han shapqynshylyghy bolmaghanda, Joshy úlysy qúrylmaghanda týrki memlekettigi de, týrki mәdeniyeti de tarih sahnasynan mýlde ketken bolar edi. Ókinishke oray, búl tarihtan tarihshylarymyz da, mәdeniyet tanushylarymyz da mýlde habarsyz. Sebebi, biz әli kýnge ózimizdi-ózimiz tany almay kele jatqan halyqpyz. Sondyqtan, búl mәseleni tarqatyp aitu ýshin aldymen sol Ⅹ-Ⅺ ghgh. Islam әlemindegi diniy-ruhany ýderisterge taldau jasaudan bastaghym kelip otyr. Óitkeni, odan keyingi ghasyrlardaghy adamzat tarihy basynda bolghan qasirtetti oqighalardyng barlyghynyng kilti osynda jatyr. Búl mәsele týsiniktirek bolu ýshin din mәselesine terenirek boylau qajettigi tuyp otyr. Ol ýshin aldymen Payghambarlar degen kim? Jәne olardyng adamzat tarihynda roli qanday degen súraqqa jauap beruimiz kerek. Payghambarlardyng adamzat tarihyndaghy roli adam balasynyng ruhyn Ruhany әlemmen baylanystyryp, adamzat balasyn Jaratushynyng ruhany ypalynan shygharmau bolyp tabylady. Ár payghambardyng adamzat balasy ýshin әkelgen ruhany quaty 400-500 jylgha jetedi. Ol әlsiregen kezde jana payghambar kelip, ruhany baylanysty qayta janghyrtady. Múhammed payghambar sol Ruhany әlem men adamzat ruhyn baylanystyrghan songhy Payghambar, payghambarlardyng móri. Ol kisiden keyin adamzat qoghamyna payghambardyng kelui mýmkin emes. Múhammed payghambarmen kelgen ruhany quat әlsirep, Ⅹ ghasyr qarsanyna kelgende Ruhany әlem men adam ruhy arasyndaghy baylanys ýziluge shaq qaldy. Adamzat qoghamy barynsha azghyndady. Ol turaly Yasauy babamyzdyng Hikmetterinde jetkilikti dәlelder bar. Egerde osy túrghydan qaraytyn bolsaq, odan keyin jer betine aqyrzaman kelui kerek bolatyn. Biraq, Tәnir Taghala adamzat balasynyng jer betinen erte ketuin qalamady. Payghambarlardyng ornyna endi әuliyelerdi shyghardy. Endi payghambarlardyng ornyna Ruhany әlemmen adamzat ruhy arasyndaghy baylanysty qalpyna keltirudi әuliyelerge tapsyrdy. Anyghyraq aitsaq, Múhammed payghambardyng tikeley úrpaghy Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyge tapsyrdy. Demek, Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding dýniyege kelui kezdeysoq emes, Tәnir Taghalanyng Ózining jospary. Ol turaly Yasauy babamyzdyng shәkirti Sýleymen Baqyrghany bylay deydi:

Súbhan IYem ózi edi, Mústafagha búiyrdy,

Arystan babam tapsyrdy, shayhym Ahmet Yasauiy.

Qoja Ahmet Yasauy sol kezende Ⅺ ghasyrda Ruhany әlem men adamzat qoghamy arasyndaghy ruhany baylanysty qayta qalpyna keltirdi. Ol ýshin Yasauy babamyz dindi sharighat dengeyinen tariqat dengeyine kóterdi. Dindi sharighat dengeyinen tariqat dengeyine kóteru adamnyng fizikalyq-materialdyq bolmysymen shektelmey, adam ruhyn belsendi kýshke ainaldyryp, Ruhany әlemmen baylanysa alatyn substansiya dengeyine kóterdi. Dinning ózi jana sipatqa ie boldy. Yasauiyge deyin din sharighat shenberimen shektelip, adamnyng fizikalyq bolmysyn retteytin zandylyqtar jýiesi bolsa, tariqat dengeyinde adamnyng ruhany bolmysynyng qajettiligin retteytin kýshke ainaldy.  Múnyng ózi adamzat qoghamyn jana satygha kótere alatyn dengey bolatyn. Adamzat sanasynda osynday óte kýrdeli ózgeristerdi әkelgen Qoja Ahmet Yasauy ózi siyaqty Ruhany әlem men adamzat arasyndaghy baylanysty ýzbey ústap túratyn әuliyeler mektebin qalyptastyrdy. Yasauy babamyzdyng sol janqiyarlyq enbegining arqasynda adamzat balasy taghy da 800 jyldan asa uaqyt ómir sýruge mýmkindik aldy. Ol kisi ózine 99 myng shәkirt dayyndady. Sonyng arqasynda býkil týrki әlemi ózge mәdeniyetterge jútylu qaupinen qútyldy. Adamzat tarihyndaghy әuliyeler kezeni bastaldy. Alayda, tek ruhany ilimning kýshimen adamzat balasynyng baghyt-baghdaryn tolyghymen ózgertu mýmkin emes bolatyn. Sol ýshin Tәnir Taghala jer betine Shynghys handay biyleushini jiberdi. Egerde Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding dýniyeden ótu jyly men Shynghys hannyng dýniyege kelu jyly 1166 jyl. Búl jәy sәikestik pe? Joq, Tәnir Taghalanyng Ózi josparlaghan әreketi bolatyn. Óitkeni, sol kezende Yasauy babamyzdyng dýniyege keltirgen ilimi men týrkilerding qaytadan ózining dәstýrli mәdeniyetine qaytugha degen úmtylysyn qalayda túnshyqtyru ýshin Horezmshahtar memleketi men qaraqytaylar memleketi jantalasyp jatty. Qarahandyqtar memleketining barlyghy derlik Horezmshah Múhammedting basqynshylyq әreketining arqasynda joyylyp, horezmshahtar memleketining qol astyna týsti. Osylay Ortalyq Aziya aimaghynda birde-bir týrki memleketi tarihta qalmaghan edi. Mine, osy kezende Shynghys han әskerimen kelip, týrkining qayta qalyptasyp kele jatqan mәdeniyeti men Yasauy ilimin qorghap qaldy. Yasauy babamyzdyng óz shәkirti Múhammed Danyshmand Zarnuqy Shynghys hannyng kenesshisi boldy. Búl Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding sonyna ergen shәkirtterining Shynghys hangha kózqarasy ong bolghandyghyn, Shynghys handy qoldaghandyghyn kórsetedi. Demek, Shynghys hannyng dýniyege kelui, quatty memleket qúruy, Horezmshah Múhammedke qarsy soghys ashuy kezdeysoqtyq emes, myna on segiz myng ghalamdy jaratqan Tәnir Taghalanyng Ózining jospary. Áytpese, bary-joghy 140 myng әskermen kelip, 700 myndyq әskeri bar Horezmshah Múhammedti jenui mýmkin be edi? Mýmkin emes bolatyn. Biraq, Jaratushy Qúdiret Shynghys hannyng qolymen Ózining josparyn iske asyrdy. Odan keyingi Shynghys han men onyng úrpaqtarynyng býkil Evraziya kenistigin jaulap aluy da jay emes, sol Qúdiretting yqpaly bolatyn. Hulaghu 1256 jyly Baghdatty alyp, Islam Halifatyn talqandady. Sol kezdegi Islam ghúlamalary Shynghys han men onyng úrpaqtaryna «Allanyng qylyshy» degen at berdi. Sebebi, búl kezende islam qoghamy tolyghymen azghyndyqqa týsken bolatyn. Haliftyng sarayynyng ózinde gemoseksualizm dertining bolghanyn arab tarihshysy Ibn al-Asir ashyna jazady. Demek, Shynghys hannyng tarih sahnasyna shyghuy, sonshalyqty jerlerdi basyp alyp, ýkimin jýrgizui  jaydan-jay emes, Jaratushynyng ýkimi. Islam dini men Qasiyetti Qúrannyng qadirine jete almay, betperde qylghan, azghyndyqqa úshyraghan tobyrgha Allanyng jibergen qahary bolatyn. Osy tarihtan habary bar qazaqtyng jaqsysy men jaysanynyng Shynghys hangha qarsy bir auyz teris pikir aitpauynyng astarynda tarihtyng osynday biz bilmeytin qyrlary jatyr.  Sondyqtan biz de eshqashan Shynghys hangha qarsy eshtene aita almaymyz. Búl tarihtan habary bolmasa da, Shynghys handy qorghap jýrgen Múhtar Maghauin aghamyzdyn  pozisiyasyn dúrys dep baghalaymyn.

Mine, osy aitylghandardan qanday qorytyndy shygharugha bolady. Bizdin, jalpy týrkinin, aldymen qazaqtyng tarihy taghdyrynda jogharyda attary atalghan eki túlghanyng Qoja Ahmet Yasauy men Shynghys hannyng sheshushi roli bolghandyghy aiqyndaldy. Egerde Qoja Ahmet Yasauy islam dinin tariqat dengeyine kóterip, Ruhany әlem men adamzat ruhy arasyndaghy baylanysty qayta ornatpaghanda, onda adamzat balasy osy kýnge deyin ómir sýrui mýmkin emes bolatyn. Aqyr zaman apatyna sol Ⅻ-ghasyrdyng ózinde úshyraghan bolar edi. Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding dindi sharighat dengeyinen tariqat dengeyine kóterui bir qazaq emes, býkil adamzattyng ómir sýruine mýmkindik berdi. Odan keyingi ghasyrlarda Yasauy jolynyng ýlgisimen basqa halyqtarda da tariqattar qúrylyp, sol halyqtar ózderining dәstýri men mәdeniyetin saqtap qalu mýmkindigine ie boldy.

Al, Shynghys han bolsa, osy ilimning qanat jangyna jaghday jasady. Osy eki túlgha bolmaghanda qazaq halqynyng da, ózge týrki halyqtarynyng da tarihta qaluy mýmkin emes edi. Sondyqtan búl eki túlghany qadirlep, qasterleu әr qazaqtyng mindeti. Osy tarihty bayanday otyryp, biz Ómirzaq myrzanyng «Osy Shynghys hannyng qazaq bolghanynan, әlemdegi eng alyp imperiya qúrghanynan qazaqqa keler qanday payda bar?-degen súraghyna jauap berdik qoy dep oilaymyn.

Al endi Shynghys han qúrghan imperiyanyng ózge halyqtargha qanday ong yqpaly boldy degen súraqty qoyypty. Eng bastysy sol halyqtardaghy ruhany azghyndyqty toqtatyp, halyqtardyng qaytadan adamy bolmysyn tabuyna mýmkindik berdi. Búl Shynghys han shapqynshylyghynyng adamzat balasyna tiygizgen paydasy osy bolatyn. Al, sopylyq ilimning bir týrki júrty emes, barlyq músylman qauymyna taraluyna Shynghys hannyng shapqynshylyghynyng tikeley yqpaly boldy. Múnyng sony islam ghylymy men mәdeniyetining qayta jandanuyna yqpalyn tiygizdi. Qanshama ghalymdar men shayyrlardy dýniyege keltirdi. «Shyghystyng jeti júldyzy» atanghan aqyndar shoghyry sopylyq ilimning yqpalymen shyqqan bolatyn. Al, Úlyghbek siyaqty ghalymdardyng shyghuyna da osy ruhany ýderis yqpalyn tiygizdi.

Endigi kezekte  qazaqtyng tarihyna tikeley qatysty Joshy úlysy men Altyn Orda tarihyna arnayy toqtalu qajettigi tuyp otyr. Búl qazaq tarihyndaghy eng sheshushi kezeng boldy. Qazaq halqynyng halyq retinde qalyptasuynyng negizgi ústyndary osy kezende aiqyndalyp, bir tútas halyqqa ainaldy. Bizding zamanymyzgha deyin jetken týrki memlekettigigining basqaru jýiesining negizgi tetikteri bolyp tabylatyn rulyq, taypalyq jýieler men jýzdik qúrylymdar da osy kezende qalyptasty. Ókinishke oray, osy tarihtan habary joq bizding úrpaq «qazaq últ týgil әli halyq bolyp qalyptasa almay jatyrmyz» dabyldatyp jýr. Búl qazaqtyng qasirtetti tarihynan habarymyzdyng joqtyghy desek, artyq aitqandyq emes. Biz sol Altyn Orda dәuirinen beri damu emes, kerisinshe, keri ketu ýderisin bastan ótkerip kelemiz. Sonda biz Joshy úlysy men Altyn Orda kezeninde qanday jetistikterge jettik, ol jetistikter qazaqqa ne berdi?- degen zandy súraq tuyndary anyq. Osy mәseleni tolyq ashu ýshin sol Joshy úlysynyng qúrylu, qalyptasu kezeninen bastap, Altyn Ordanyng ydyrau tarihyna deyin qysqasha sholu jasap ótuimiz kerek. Sonda Joshy úlysynyng damu satylary men ondaghy sayasi, ruhany ýderisterding memleketting baghyt-baghdaryna qanshalyqty yqpaly bolghanyn týsinetin bolamyz.

Joshy úlysy 1224 jyly Shynghys hannyng ózi jaulap alghan jerlerin Bórteden tughan tórt úlyna bólip beruinen bastau alady. Joshy úlysynyng qúryluyn Evraziya kenistiginde týrki memlekettigining qaytadan tarih sahnasyna shyghuy dep te atasaq bolady. 1227 jyly Joshynyng qaytys boluymen úlystyng han taghyna Batu han otyrdy. Ol 1236-1242 jyldary Batysqa jasaghan joryghynyng nәtiyjesinde úlystyng shegarasyn Dunay ózenine deyingi aralyqqa keneytti. Batu han osy jerlerdi basqarudy ózining 14 tuysyna bólip berdi. Batu han sonshalyqty úlanghayyr territoriyagha iyelik etip otyrsa da, Joshy úlysyn Úlyq úlystyng bólshegi sanady. 1241 jyly Shynghys hannyng taghyna otyrghan Ugedeyding dýniyeden ótui Úlyq úlysta taq talasynyng bastaluyna yqpal etti. Shynghys han úrpaqtarynyng arasynda talas bastaldy. Osynday qaterding óz úlysynda qaytalanu mýmkindigin sezingen Batu han úly Sartaqty Úlyq úlys taghynda otyrghan Mónkege attandyrady. Mónke Sartaqty jyly qabyldap, oghan qajetti Joshy úlysyn biyleuge rúqsat beretin qújatty qolyna ústatyp, keri qaytarady. Biraq Sartaq úlysqa jetemin degenshe Batu han 1255 jyly qaytys bolady da, onyng ornyna han taghyna Berke han otyryp alady. Múny esitken Sartaq renjip, Berkege barmay bólek ketip qalady. Ózine shaqyrghan Berke hangha «Men hristianmyn, sen músylmansyn. Men ýshin músylmannyng jýzin kóru men ýshin baqytsyzdyq»-dep jauap beredi. Búl jerden biz Joshy Úlysy qúrylghannan keyingi az ghana uaqyttyng ýshinde tek halyq emes, Joshy úrpaqtarynyng arasynda diny tanym negizinde belgili dәrejede alauyzdyq payda bolghanyn kóremiz. Joshynyng әr úrpaghy ózi biylep otyrghan halyqtyng dini men mәdeniyetine qaray beyimdelip, ózderining qandyq jaqyndyghynan ruhany jaqyndyqty joghary qoya bastaghanyn kóruimizge bolady. Múnyng sony bolashaqta bólshektenuding basty sebebi bolatynyn týsingen Berke han óz qabyl etken kubraviya tariqatyn memlekettik iydelogiya dәrejesine kóteruge әreket jasady. Sol kezge deyin erkin biylik jýrgizgen Joshy úrpaqtarynyng biyligin shektep, bir ortalyqqa baghyndyrugha әreket jasady. Ár úlysta ondyq, jýzdik, myndyq, on myndyq túraqty әskery qosyndar payda boldy. Úlystyng әr aimaghyna kubraviya tariqatynyng ókilderi jiberilip, osy tariqatqa halyqtyng bet búruyna yqpal etpek boldy. Berke hannyng  búl әreketi sәtsiz ayaqtaldy dese bolady. Negizinen Joshy úlysynyng halqy týrkiler bolghandyqtan parsy mәdeniyeti negizinde qalyptasqan kubraviya tariqatyn týrkiler qabyldaudan bas tartty. Tipti key jerlerde búl tariqat ókilderine dindi búzdy degen aiyp taghylyp, ólim jazasyna kesken faktileri boldy. 1266 jyly Berke han qaytys bolghan song kubraviya tariqaty da, onyng qoldaushylary da sayasy biylikten shettetildi. Biylik basyndaghylar qaytadan ózderining dinine qaray bet búrdy. Alayda, Berke hannyng islam dinine bet búruy, Mysyrmen odaq qúryp, Halifatty talqandaghan Hulagumen әskery qatyghysqa baruy Joshy úlysynyng Úlyq úlystan bólek jeke memleket retinde qalyptasuyna yqpal etti. Endi Joshy úlysynyng taghyna otyrghan han Úlyq úlysqa qaraylamay ózining sayasy baghyt-baghdaryn aiqyndaugha mýmkindik aldy. Joshy úlysynda Berkeden keyin taqqa otyrghan Mengu Temir ózderining kóne dinderine bet búryp, eski tәrtipti qayta engizdi. Odan keyin taqqa otyrghan Tuda Mengu bolsa, islam dinin qabyl etkendigi turaly jariyalaymyn dep, taqtan taydyryldy. Odan keyin qanshama biyleushiler taqqa kelip ketkenimen eshbiri islam dinine ashyq bet búra qoyghan joq. Biraq, islamnan tolyq qol ýzip te kete almady. Sebebi, ordanyng barlyq qújattaryn jýrgizetin, diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynasty retteytin músylman hatshylar boldy. Sonymen birge, Joshy úlysynyng ishinde Batu han úrpaqtarynyng arasynda taq talasy bastaldy. Mengu Temirding úly Tóle búgha men onyng bauyrlary Noghay men Toqtynyng qastandyghynyng qúrbany boldy. Toqty han taghyna otyrghannan keyin melmeketting tútastyghyna qauip tóndirip otyrghan úlystyng Batysyn biylep otyrghan Noghaydan qútyludyng әreketin jasady. 1300 jyldyng basynda Noghaydyng biyligin tolyghymen talqandap, jeke biyleushige ainaldy. Toqta han taq talasynan qorqyp, Batu úrpaqtarynan dýniyege kelgen úl balalardy óltiruge búiryq berdi. Ózining balasynan ózge birde-bir er bala tiri qalmady. Tek, ózining inisi Toghyrylshynyng әieli tughan balasyn jasyryp, serkeshterding arasyna jiberdi. Ol jerde ol bala Yasauy joly ókilderining qolynda tәrbiylendi. 1312 jyly Toqta han ózendegi keme apatynan qaza tapty. Islamgha dinine qarsy kýshter Toqtynyng balasy Elbasardy (Elbasmyshty) han taghyna otyrghyzbaq boldy. Sol kezde Qútlyq Temir bastaghan bekter Toghyrylshynyng úly Ózbekti aldyryp, taqqa otyrghyzdy. Elbasar men taghy 120 Shynghys han úrpaghy óltirilip, Ózbek han jeke-dara biyleushige ainaldy. Ózbek han alghashqy segiz jyl boyyna ózgelerding kýdigin tughyzatyn әreketke barghan joq. Tek, qolyndaghy memleket biyligi tolyghymen anyq bekigen kezde dini-iydeologiyalyq reforma jasady. Ol reforma qalay jasalghany turaly tarihy derekterde bayandalady. Tarihy jazbalarda Ózbek hannyng islam dinin resmy týrde 1320 jyly qabyldaghanyn, sol kezden bastap Altyn  Ordanyng memlekettik dini islam bolyp jariyalanghany jazylady. Q. Jalayyriyding jylnamasynda Ózbek hannyng taqqa otyrghanyna 8 jyl tolghanda úly әulie Zengi Atanyng shәkirti Seyit ata әuliyening Ózbek handy islam dinine kirgizgeni, Ózbek hangha Súltan Múhammed Ózbek han - dep at bergeni jazylady. «Temir-nama» qoljazbasymen. Úlyqbekting «Tórt úlys tarihy» atty enbeginde osy derekter shamaly ózgesheliktermen qaytalanady. Al, Ótemis qajynyng «Shynghys-name» atty shygharmasynda tórt әuliyege Alla tarapynan pәrmen kelip, Ózbek handy islam dinine kirgizuge búiyrady. Osy jerde biz «әuliye» sózining týpki maghynasy men olardyng qoghamdaghy roline qysqasha toqtalyp ótelik. Áuliyening Qúrandaghy maghynasy Allany qorghauyndaghy adam, Allanyng dosy. Áulie óz әreketimen Jaratushyghy jaqyndap qoymaydy, sonymen birge, olar Qúranda aitylghan «eng әdiletti qogham» qúru ýshin sharshamay, talmay enbek etedi. Sondyqtan olar ózderin Allanyng jerdegi ókili sezinedi. Ózbek hangha kelgen әuliyelerding týpki maqsaty «eng әdiletti qoghamdy» qúru bolatyn. Ol tórt әuliyening biri Baba Tuklas – Baba Týkti Shashty Aziz edi.  Núrullah ibn Ubaydallah Horezmy qoljazbasynda Sýleymen Baqyrghaniyding shәkirti Zengi Ata ózining shәkirtteri Sadr Ata, Sayyid Ata, Úzyn Hasan Ata, Badr Atanyng tórteuining Sarayshyqqa baryp, Ózbek han men halqyn islam dinine kirgizuge týsterine enip, ayanmen búiryq beredi. Osy tórt kisining yqpalymen Ózbek hannyng islamdy Altyn Orda memleketinde memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kótergeni, búl kisilerding Altyn Orda memleketinde  jýrgizilgen kýrdeli qayta qúrulargha múryndyq bolghany anyq. Ol qanday reformalar edi, endi soghan toqtalayyq.

  1. Memleketting qúrylymdyq jýiesi tolyghymen ózgerdi. Qazirgi qazaq halqy qúramyndaghy rulyq, taypalyq jýie men jýzdik qúrylymnyng tarih sahnasyna shyghuy osy qayta qúrularmen tikeley baylanysty boldy. Ár bir ru, taypany, jýzdi biyler basqardy. Biyler mindetti týrde yasauiya tariqatynyng ókilderinen saylandy. By – sol rudyng ruhani, әkimshilik, sot biyligin tolyghymen atqaratyn qoghamdaghy sheshushi túlghagha ainaldy.
  2. Búrynghy kezde han saylauy Shynghys han úrpaqtary men әsker basylardyng qúryltayynda sheshiletin bolsa, qayta qúrudan keyin han saylauy Biyler Kenesining qolyna kóshti.
  3. Búrynghy kezde Altyn Ordanyng jeke aimaqtary Joshy úrpaqtaryna basqarugha berilgen bolsa, qayta qúrudan keyin jergilikti biylik te tolyghymen biyler qolyna berildi.
  4. Múnday ózgerister músylman dinin qabyldaghan týrki-mongholdardy qamtyp qoyghan joq. Altyn Orda qúramyndaghy orys knyazdyqtaryn da, ózge halyqtardy da qamtydy. Orys knyazy tek sayasi, әskery basshy qyzmetin atqaryp, salyq jinau men sot biyligi tolyghymen shirkeu qyzmetkerlerining qolyna berildi. Ózge halyqtardyng diniy-mәdeny derbestigine eshqanday qol súghylghan joq. Ár halyqtyng jeke, erkin damuyna jaghday jasaldy.
  5. Býkil memlekettik jýie tolyghymen sharighatqa-zangha baghyndyryldy. Sharighat ýkimine han da, biyde, qara da toqtady. Sot biyligi biyler qolynda boldy. Biylerden tolyq әdildik talap etildi. Han tek sayasy jәne әskery biylikting iyesi boldy. Ózbek han óz erkimen absoluttik biylikten bas tartty. Tarih sahnasyna biyler instituty shyqty.

Altyn Orda memleketining islam dinining sopylyq baghyty yasauiya tariqatyn memlekettik din retinde qabyldauy memlekette osynday kýrdeli qayta qúrulardy әkeldi. Osy kezden bastap halyqtyng erik-jigerin aiqyndaytyn basty faktor ruhany dýnie bolyp qalyptasty. Memleketting basqaru jýiesi tolyghymen kóne týrkilik memleket basqaru jýiesimen sәikestendirildi.

Ózbek handy islam dinine bet búrghyzghan attary atalghan әuliyeler sol zamandaghy yasauiya tariqatynyng eng jogharghy dәrejedegi ókilderi edi. Olar óz dәrejeleri boyynsha ózge әriptesterinen joghary túrdy, tariqattyng qoghamda atqarar is-әreketining baghyt-baghdary men alar ornyn aiqyndady. Maqsat – Joshy Úlysyndaghy týrki halyqtarynyng ruhany birligin qamtamasyz etu, olardyng arman-múratyn bir arnagha toghystyru, býkil halyqty bir Jaratushygha qyzmet etuge tәrbiyeleu, Qúranda aitylghan [3:110] eng әdiletti qoghamdy qúru boldy. Sol ýshin olar ayanbay enbek etti. Halyqty ruhany jaghynan jetildiretin, ruhany jetekshiler dayyndaytyn  iri ortalyqtar qalyptastyrdy. Eng bastysy búl is-әreketting barlyghy bir arnamen, bir baghytta Qoja Ahmet Yasauy salghan jolmen ghana jýrgizildi  jәne osy is-әreketting barlyghy bir jerge shoghyrlandyrylyp, sol jerde Joshy Úlysynda boluy tii ózgeristerge dayyndyq júmystary jýrgizildi. Ol Manghystau jeri edi. Bir jaghynan Altyn Orda memleketining ortalyghyna jaqyn, ekinshi jaghynan syrt kózden tasa, ózge halyqtardyng yqpaly bolu mýmkindigi joq, sharua baqqan týrkilerden ózge túmsyghyn tygha almaytyn tynysh ólke arnayy tandap alynghangha úqsaydy. Osynday maqsatpen bolmasa, bir jerge sonshama kóp әuliyelerding shoghyrlanuyn basqasha týsindire almaymyz.

Altyn Orda memleketinde jýrgizilgen búl reforma, tek biyler institutyn emes, sonymen birge, rulyq, taypalyq qúrylymdardy tolyghymen qaytadan qalpyna keltirdi. Biraq, búl rulyq, taypalyq jýieler búrynghyday qandyq prinsipke emes, diniy-ruhany birlikke negizdeldi. Biyler institutyn qayta qalpyna keltiru men rulyq, taypalyq jýielerdi qayta qúru prosesteri qatar jýrdi. Óitkeni, búl eki qúrylymnyng bir-birinsiz ómir sýrui mýmkin emes edi. Endi osy prosesterge kezegimen taldau jasap kórelik.

Altyn Orda memleketindegi qoghamdyq qúrylys tarihyn zerttegen G. Fedorov-Davydov Ózbek han túsynda Altyn Ordadaghy islamdandyru men rulyq, taypalyq qúrylymdardy qayta qúru prosesteri qatar jýrgendigin aitady. Ol sol kezende Altyn Ordada jýrgen prosesterdi bylay tújyrymdaydy: «Qypshaq dalasyndaghy kóshpendilerge qatysty eskertkishterdi saralay otyryp, mynaday eki jaqty, qarama-qarsy eki aghymnyng qatar jýrgenin bayqadyq: bir jaghynan eski rulyq, taypalyq qatynastardyng búzyluy, olardyng qasa-qana joyyluy, búrynghy ru, taypa basshylarynyng yqpalyn jong, sonymen birge, mongholdardyng sharuashylyqty basqaru sebebinen bolghan, әr týrli ru, taypalardyng aralasuy; ekinshi jaghynan, negizinde, monghol shapqynshylyghyna deyin ghasyrlar boyyna qalyptasqan, olardyng etnikalyq birligine negizdelgen, búrynghy rulyq, taypalyq qúrylymdardan da myqty qúrylymdar payda boldy. Osy qarama-qarsy eki qozghalystyng arasynyng «sintezin», basqasha aitqanda, Altyn Orda kóshpendilerining damu baspaldaghyn aiqyn kórsetip berdi». Búl jerde zertteushi Joshy Úlysynda bolghan kýrdeli prosesterdi dóp basyp aityp otyr. Biraq, rulyq, taypalyq qúrylymdardy qalyptastyrudaghy qandyq prinsipting ornyna dini-iydeologiyalyq birlik qoyylghany zertteushi nazarynan  tys qalghan.

Ózbek han men Yasauy joly әuliyelerining jýrgizgen osy reformasy qazaq shejirelerinde tolyq kórinis tapqan dep aitugha bolady. Z.Sәdibekovtyng «Qazaq  shejiresi» atty kitabynda qazaq ru-taypalary shejirelerining birneshe týri beriledi. Mysaly:

1-shejire. Adam Atanyng toghyzynshy buyny – Nuh payghambar. Onyng otyz altynshy buyny Ózbek han, odan Bayshora, Janshora, Qarashora degen ýsh úl tuady. Osy ýsh úldan qazaqtyng ýsh jýzi taraydy.

Búl shejire sol Ózbek han kezindegi Joshy úlysynyng qúrylymdyq jýiesin naqty kórsetip túr. Búl shejirede sol kezde Altyn Orda qúramynda bolghan 92 ru, taypalar tolyq qamtylghan. Búl ru, taypalar jýzderge ruhany birlik negizinde toptastyrylyp, memleketting basqaru jýiesin qúrady. Ru, taypa memleketting irgetasy-kerege qyzmetin atqarsa, ol ru-taypalar basynda túrghan biyler uyq qyzmetin atqardy. Shanyraq – handyq biylik simvoly. Al, jýz bolsa, Yasauy joly, Yasauy mәdeniyeti negizinde qalyptasqan ruhany birlik pen tútastyqtyng shenberi. Yasauy jolynan shegingen, Yasauy mәdeniyetinen bas tartqan adam ba, ru, taypa ma oghan qaramay jýzding qúramynan shygharylyp tastalady. Qazirgi kýni Týrkistan manayyndaghy qystaqtarda naqshbandiya tariqatyn qabyldap, Yasauy jolynan bas tartqan ózbek aghayyndar bar. Olardyng kópshiligi ózderining qay rudan, qay taypadan shyqqandaryn biledi.  Mysaly, Tәuke hannyng bas uәziri bolghan Barqy atalyqtyng Týrkistandaghy úrpaqtarynyng barlyghy qazirgi kýni ózbek halqynyng qúramynda. Olardyng ózi keshegi qazaqtyng «Arghyn bolsang Altay bol» degen sózding maghynasyn týsinbeydi de, eske de almaydy. Sebebi, olar qazirgi kýni basqa mәdeniyetting ókili. Osyghan baylanysty qazirgi naqshbandiya tariqatyn qabyldap, ózbektenip ketken aghayyndardyng barlyghy jýzderding qúramynan shygharylyp tastalghan. Jýzding qúramynda bolu degen sóz – Yasauy joly men Yasauy mәdeniyetining ókili bolu degendi bildiredi. Altyn Orda dәuirinde jýz Yasauy joly men Yasauy mәdeniyetin týrki halyqtarynyng ruhani, mәdeny tútastyghyn aiqyndaytyn jәne qorghaytyn ruhany shenberi boldy.

Yasauy jolynyng memlekettik iydeologiya dengeyine kóterilui qoghamdaghy adaldyq pen әdildikting ornauyna yqpal etti. Qazirgi qazaq halqy boyyndaghy izgi qasiyetterding barlyghy derlik osy kezende qalyptasty. Sonyng arqasynda memleketting bar salasy ilgeri damydy. Ghylym da, bilim de sol kezende joghary dengeyge kóterildi. Mysaly, geodeziya ghylymynyng damuy kýrdeli mәselelerdi sheshuge mýmkindik berdi. Oidaghy sudy joghary shygharyp, egin salu sol kezende óris aldy. Mysaly, Shardara manynan Syrdariyadan su shygharylyp, Týrkistan manayynan qaytadan Syrdariyagha qúyatyn kanaldyng oryny barlyghy arheolog mamandar tarapynan aitylyp jýr. Eng bastysy әdebiyet pen mәdeniyet tili týrki tili boldy. Qanshama aqyndar shyqty. Barlyghy óz shygharmalaryn tek týrki tilinde jazdy. Ertis pen Dunaygha deyingi aralyqta tynyshtyq, beybitshilik ornady. Sol Altyn Orda memleketinde Yasauy joly saltanat qúryp túrghan kezende qanday tynyshtyq ornaghan zaman bolghanyn arab tarihshysy al-Omary bylaysha bayandaydy: «Ertisten tóbesine bir tabaq altyndy qoyyp shyqqan adam Dunaygha jetkenshe bir tillәsyn joghaltpaytyn edi»-deydi. Demek, halyqtyng qanshalyqty imandy, tәrbiyeli bolghanyn osy derekting ózi-aq dәleldeydi.

Búl Yasauy joly Joshy úlysynda memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kóterilui memleketting qanday dengeyge kóterilgenin búrynghy atynyng ornyna endi búl memleketting Altyn Orda dep atala bastauynyng ózi dәlel bola alady. Altyn Orda memleketining búl jetken jetistikteri jalpy halyqty quantqanymen, qolyndaghy biylikten ajyraghan Joshy úrpaqtarynyng narazylyghyn tughyzdy. Búryn elge biyligin jýrgizip, aq degeni alghys, qara degeni qarghys bolghan Joshy úrpaqtarynyng jay qara halyqtyng dengeyine týsui olardyng ashu-yzasyn tudyrdy. Olar retin tauyp, qalayda ózderining búrynghy qalyptasqan qoghamdaghy orynyn qaytarudy oilastyra bastady. Olardang arasynda Ózbek hannyng úly Jәnibek súltan da bar edi. Óitkeni, Ózbek han ózining izbasary retinde ýlken úly Tynybekti taghayyndaghan bolatyn. Jәnibekting jay halyqtyng qataryna baryp qosylu yqtimaldyghy kýsheydi. Tynybek 1342 jyly Orta Aziyagha joryqqa ketken kezde kenetten Ózbek qaytys boldy. «Han  taghy bos túrmasyn, uaqytsha otyra túrsyn»- degen Ózbek hannyng әieli Taydulanyng aitqanyn istep, biyler Jәnibekti taqqa otyrghyzdy. Jәnibek taqqa otyrghan song joryqtan qaytyp kele jatqan Tynybekti retin tauyp óltirip, handyq biylikti óz qolyna aldy. Inisi Hyzyrbekti de óltirdy. Taqqa otyrghannan keyin ýshinshi kýni «Barlyq halyq basyna sәlde orap jýretin bolsyn» -degen jarlyq shyghardy. Osylay, Jәnibek han ózining dini-iydeologiyalyq baghytyn ózgertetinin halyqqa pash etti. Tariqat jolynan bas tartyp, onyng ornyna shafi‘iya mazhabyn qabyl etti. Tariqat joly ókilderining barlyghyn biylikten alastatyp, olardyng ornyn ghúlamalardyng qolyna berdi. Ordada ainalasyndaghy ózine qorghan bolyp jýrgen Oisyldyng úldaryn aldap qonaqqa shaqyryp, barlyghyn qyryp saldy. Olardan aman qalghany tórkindep kelinmen birge ketken Sirgeli ghana aman qalyp, Ontýstikke oralady. Jәnibek hannyng búl qylyghyna qatty renjigen Asan Qayghy Jәnibekpen araqatynasty ýzedi. Kezinde Ózbek hannyng júmsauymen Altyn Orda memleketine astana bolar jerdi izdep, Joshy Úlysy qúramyna kiretin barlyq jerdi sharlaydy. Ol jelmayagha minip, «Qoy ýstine boztorghay júmyrtqalaghan jer» Jiydelibaysynda, Syr boyynda, Jetisuda, «týie boyy qara bar» Ertis jaghasynda bolady. Saparynyng sonynda ol, elge astana bolugha layyq jer retinde Edil boyyn tandaydy. Ol jerge Jәnibek han Hajy Tarhan qalasyn saldyrady. Asan Qayghygha qatysty anyzdardy bizding qazirgi tarihta Qazaq handyghyghyng túsynda ómir sýrgen dep aitylady. Alayda, ol dúrys emes. Asan Qayghygha qatysty anyzdardy Altyn Orda hany Jәnibek hannyng zamanynda bolghan oqighalar –dep, Asan Qayghynyng ózin sol hannyng zamandasy retinde qarastyru kerek jәne osy eki túlghanyng arasyndaghy araqatynastyn  shiyelenisui, Altyn Orda memleketining taghdyryna tikeley keri yqpal etken, memleketting bolashaqta ydyrauynyng basty sebebi boldy. Ol qayshylyqtyng negizinde týrki halyqtarynyn  diniy-ruhany kózqarasynyng negizin qúraghan Yasauy joly men Iran men Mauarannahrdan kelgen sharighat joly arasyndaghy tike-tires dep, nemese ruhany biylikpen sayasy biylik arasyndaghy biylik ýshin kýres dep týsingenimiz abzal. Altyn Ordanyng hany Jәnibek han bolsa, Asan Qayghy sol memleketting negizgi tiregi bolghan, týrki taypalarynyng kósemi, ruhany basshysy edi. Sondyqtan onyng halyqqa yqpaly hannan artyq bolmasa, kem emes bolatyn. Asan Qayghy týrikpenderde Esen ata dep atalynady. Esen Ata anyz boyynsha Manghystau jerine Yasauy ilimin aparghan Shopan Atanyng nemeresi. Búdan Asan Qayghy yasauiya tariqatynyng ókili ekendigin kórsetedi.

Jәnibek han men Asan Qayghy arasyndaghy araqatynastyng shiyelenisui, Asan Qayghy elge qonys qarap kelgennen keyin Jәnibek han Hajy-Tarhan qalasyn saldyrghannan song qatty ushyghady. Ony kezinde S.Seyfullin jariyalaghan «Qazaqtyng Ata zandary» atty maqalasynda keltirilgen Asan Qayghynyng Jәnibek hangha aitqandarynan kóruge bolady. «Áz-Jәnibek han ýsh qaytara toy qylypty. 1) Astrahan qalasyn saldyryp toy qylypty.

2) Daladaghy kólge sheker tókkizip, aqqudy maya qylyp, qúladyngha ildirip, toy qylypty. 3) Qaryndasy Qanybet súludy Myghaly baydyng úly Biy-Temirge bermek bolyp toy qylypty. Toydyng ýsheuine de shaqyrylghan Asan Qayghy by kelmepti. Áz-Jәnibek tórtinshi ret kisi jibergen song kelipti.

Áz-Jәnibek: «E, Asan ýsh qabat júrt jiyp, toy qyldym. Toyyma seni shaqyrdym, kelmegening qalay?-depti.

Sonda Asan bi: Alty atangha arttyryp,

Alty jyl qonys qaradym.

Qyrynda dep qazyghy,

Suynda dep balyghy.

Búl jerdi ózim qaladym.

Astrahanday qalany,

Jat júrttyqqa saldyrdyn.

Kólge sheker tóktirdin,

Shekerge aqqu bóktirdin

Kóldegi súlu erke edi.

Qúladyn qústyng qory edi.

Aqqu qús aru-tóre edi.

Qúladyngha qudy ildirdin,

Aq mamyghyn júldyrdyn.

Qúladyngha qudy jem qyldyn

Týbinde óz basyna keler dep,

Qúladynday bir jamannan óler-dep.

Soghan ókpelep kelmedim - depti.

 

Búl ýzindiden angharatynymyz Asan Qayghynyng Jәnibek hannyng dini-iydeologiyalyq baghytymen mýlde kelispeytinin bayqauymyzgha bolady. Asan Qayghy Jәnibek han biylerding orynyna qoyghan ghúlamalardy qúladyngha teneydi. Al, aqqu Yasauy jolynyng ókilderi-sopylar. Osy kezdesuden song Asan Qayghy Jәnibekke ókpelep, bóline kóshti. Sonyna ergen halyq qazirgi Úlytau jerine kelip, Alash memleketin dýniyege keltirdi. 1356 jyly Jәnibek han ózining úly Berdibek han qolynan qaza tapqan son, qaytadan baryp Altyn Ordagha qosyldy. Alayda, Berdibek hannyng ómiri úzaq bolmady. 1359 jyl Saray tónkerisi kezinde qaza tapty.  Odan keyingi kezende Joshy úrpaqtarynyng arasyndaghy 20 jylgha sozylghan taq talasy bastaldy. 20 jylda Altyn Orda taghyna 25 han kelip ketti. Mine osy kezden bastap, qazaq dalasynda ruhany biylik pen sayasy biylik arasyndaghy tike-tires toqtaghan joq. Búl qyrqystyng sony bolmasyn týsingen Yasauy joly ókilderi Mauarannahrda biylik basyna Ámir Temirdi otyrghyzdy. Onyng aldyna Shynghys han imperiyasyn qayta qalpyna keltiru mindeti qoyyldy. Ámir Temir Toqay Temir úrpaghy Toqtamys handy Altyn Orda taghyna otyrghyzyp baryp, Evraziya kenistiginde tynyshtyq ornatty. Alayda, Toqtamys han antyna adal bolmay, Yasauy jolyna qarsy kýresin bastady. 1389 jyly grekter men litvalyqtardan, orystardan әsker jiyp kelip, Yasydaghy Yasauy kesenesin qiratyp, talan-tarajgha saldy. Yasauiyding kesenesin qiratsam barlyq mәsele ózdiginen sheshiledi dep oisa kerek. Múnyng sony 1395 jyly Ámir Temirding Altyn Ordany tolyghymen talqandauymen ayaqtaldy. Ámir Temir Altyn Ordany talqandaghan song Qoja AhmetYasauiyding basyna alyp ghimaratty túrghyzdy. Odan keyingi kezende Altyn Orda memleketin qaytadan qalpyna keltirmek bolyp arpalysqan, Edige biyding әreketi nәtiyjesiz ayaqtaldy. Búdan keyingi kezende Qazaq dalasynda qanshama memleketter kelip ketti. Sonyng ishinde Yasauy joly ókilderining bastamasymen qúrylghan memleket Ózbek úlysy bolatyn. 1429 jyl Júmadyq han soghysta qaza tauyp, ornyna biyler 16 jasar Ábilhayyrdy qoydy. Ábilhayyr alghashqy kezende biylerding degenimen jýrip, biyligin nyghaytyp, alghannan  1446 jyly Syghanaqty alghannan keyin, Yasauy jolynan bas tartyp, naqshbandiya tariqatyna moyyn úsyndy. Óz ordasynyng beklerbegi bolghan Edigening úly Uaqqas biydi óltirip, Qaraqypshaq Qoblandy Dayyrqoja-Aqjol biydi óltirdi. Múnyng sony bir halyqtyng ýshke bólinuine әkeldi. Ábilhayyrdyng nemeresi Múhammed Shaybanidyng sonyna ergen halyq ózbek atauyn alyp, Mauarannahrgha ketti. Edige by úrpaqtarynyng sonyna ergen halyq noghay atanyp, Batys jaqqa bet týzedi. Yasauy joly ókilderi-biylerding sonyna ergen halyq qazaq atanyp, Shu boyyna qaray oiysty. Osylay Qazaq handyghy tarih sahnasyna shyqty. Qazaq handyghynyng tarihynda da ruhany biylik pen sayasy biylik arasyndaghy tike-tires az bolghan joq. Múnyng sony Abylay hannyng dýniyeden ótuimen ayaqtaldy. Biz búl qasiretti tarihtan neni týsindik, neni úqtyq. Ata-babalarymyz ózining shyqqan biyiginen, tariqat dengeyinen týspeymiz dep arpalysypty. Oi-sanasy ózge halyqtan oq boyy ozyq túrghan halyqtyng materialdyq dýnie bylyghyna qayta batqysy kelmeui zandy qúbylys bolatyn. Al, bar maqsat-múraty absoluttik biylik bolghan biyleushilerge Qúdaygha jaqyndyq emes, ózderining aq degeni alghys, qara degeni qarghys boluy qymbat edi. Olar Yasauy jolyna qarsy kýresip, arpalysa jýrip qúrghan memleketterining ómiri 100 jylgha jetpey jelkesi qiylyp otyrypty. Múhammed Shaybany qúrghan memleket ⅩⅤ-ghasyr sonynda qalyptasyp, ⅩⅥ ghasyr sonynda tarihtan ketti. Qazaq handyghynda 1684 jyly Tәuke han dini-iydeologiyalyq reformasyn jasady. Yasauy jolyn memlekettik iydeologiya dengeyinen ysyryp, ornyna naqshbandiya tariqatyn memlekettik dengeyge kóterdi. Yasauy joly ókilderin memlekettik biylik jýiesinen quyp, biyler institutyn әr rudyn, әr taypanyng ishinen shyqqan biylerge berdi. Nәtiyjesinde qazaq halqy ru-ru, taypa-taypa bolyp, ózara qyrqysudy bastady. Búl sayasattyng sony Jonghar memleketining shabuylyna úshyrap, «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqa kól súlama» qasiretine úlasty. Abylay hannyng janqiyarlyq enbegining arqasynda ghana qazaq ózining tútastyghyn saqtay aldy. Abylay hannyng halyqtyng kónilin Yasauy ilimine qaray bet búrghyzuy jongharlarmen aradaghy arpalysta qazaqtyng jenip shyghuyna mýmkindik berdi. Alayda, Abylay hannyng Yasauy jolyn memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kóteremin degen sayasaty Tәuke han qúrghan biyler instituty tarapynan qarsylyqqa tap bolyp, ózi sol jolda qúrban boldy. «Abylay aspas sary belden» asa almady. Búl Qazaq handyghynyng kýireuine әkeldi. Alayda, Abylay hannyng búl sayasaty qazaq halqyn ary qaray bólshektenuden saqtap qaldy.      Búghan da shýkir deyik. Búl bizding qasiretti tarihymyz. Ókinishke oray, biz búl tarihtan sabaq almadyq. Alatyn da týrimiz joq. Sebebi, qazaq halqynyng tәuelsiz tarihy әli jazylghan joq. Tarihshylarymyz әli kýnge sol evrosentrim men tarihty materialistik túrghydan týsinu tәsilinen shygha almay keledi. Búl baghytta jazylghan tarih eshqashan qazaqtyng ózin-ózi tanuyna mýmkindik bermeydi, berui de mýmkin emes. Ol ýshin aldymen tarihty zertteuding tәsili ózgerui tiyis. Qazaq ýshin ruhaniat qúndy. Sondyqtan da qazaq «Malym janymnyng sadaghasy, janym arymnyng sadaghasy» dep taygha tanba basqanday etip aityp ketken. Tarihty materialistik túrghydan týsinu tәsili arqyly jazylghan tarihta qazaq sauatsyz, jabayy halyq bolyp qala bermek. Ómirzaq bauyrymyzdy adastyryp, Shynghys handay úly túlghasyna qarsy shyghuyna yqpal etken osy jalghan tariyh.

Qazaq ózining ruhany tәuelsizdigin tek qylyshtyng jýzimen ghana qorghap qoyghan joq. Qazaqtyng jyrshy-jyraulary, aqyn, sheshenderi ólen-jyrlarymen halyqtyng ruhany joldan adaspauy ýshin ter tókti. Bolashaghyn da boljap ketti. Qazaq dalasynda halyqtyng múnyn múndaghan, joghyn joqtaghan qanshama aqyn, jyraular ótti. Olar osy halyqtyng basyn qaytsek biriktiremiz dep jantalasty. Qazirgi kýni de solardyng osy maqsat-múratyn qaytsek halyq jýregine jetkizemiz dep jýrgen at tóbelindey abyzdarymyz bar. Olardyng arasynda birin-birin týsinbeytin jerleri de joq emes. Soghan qaramastan olar qazaq ruhaniatynyng ústyndary bolyp qala bermek. Múhtar Maghauin aghamyz da ústyndardyng biri de, biregeyi. Olardyng sol shyqqan biyiginen týspeuin tileyik.

Qazaq halqy qazirgi kýni ózining óte kýrdeli kezenin basynan ótkerip otyr. «Ruhsyzdyq úrany» halqymyzdyng kiyeli de qasterli qúndylyqtarynan aiyryp, halyqtyng kópshiligin ruhsyz tobyrgha ainaldyrghanyn kórip otyrmyz. Ókinishke oray, búl joldyng bizdi qúrdymgha aparatynymen isimiz joq. Ertengi kýnining ne bolady degen oy da joq. Ghasyrlar boyy ózining ruhany tәuelsizdigin qorghap, arpalysqan ata-babalarymyzdyn  arman-múraty bizben ayaqtalady ma? degen qorqynysh ta joq emes. Alayda, sol Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdan qalghan kiyeli, qasiyetti jol qazirgi kýni bizge asa qajet bolyp otyr. Óitkeni, Nuh payghambardan taraghan adam balasyna ómir sýruge berilgen uaqyty ayaqtalyp keledi. Múhammed payghambar aitqan, qazaq әuliyeleri boljaghan aqyrzaman belgileri tolyghymen jer betine shyghyp boldy Adamzat balasynan ary qaray kelesi kezenge kimder ótip, kimder qalatynyn anyqtaytyn adam balasynyng ruhany bolmysynyng dengeyi. Búl jerde bizding mýmkindigimiz bar ma? Bar. Egerde Qoja Ahmet Yasauy negizin salghan sopylyq joldy qayta janghyrtyp, sol ilimning sonyna erip, mengeretin bolsaq, onda qazaq ýshin mýmkindik bar. Tandau halyqtyng ózinde!?

Zikiriya Jandarbek

Abai.kz

19 pikir