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46 - sóz 4348 2 pikir 16 Qantar, 2020 saghat 12:13

Gustav Flober "Bovary hanym"

Kólemdi bolghanyna qaramastan, kýni býginge deyin әlemdegi eng kóp oqylatyn romandardyng biri «Bovary hanymnyn» birinshi betinde Gustav Floberding advokat Mari-Antuan-Jul Senargha arnap ystyq iltipatyn bildirgen mynanday sózderi mәngi qonaqtap qalghan:
«Parij advokaty, Últtyq kenesting búrynghy preziydenti men syrtqy ister ministri Mari-Antuan-Jul Senargha.

Qymbatty da ardaqty dosym!

Osy kitaptyng birinshi betine Sizding esiminizdi jazugha rúqsat etiniz, óitkeni, onyng jaryq kórgeni ýshin men Sizge qaryzdarmyn. Sizding shygharmany qorghap sóilegen tamasha sózderiniz meni tәnti etti. Búl iltipatymdy Sizding sheshendiginiz ben ózin-ózi qúrbandyqqa shalugha dayar erliginizge kórsetken qúrmetim retinde qabyl alynyz. Gustav Flober. Pariyj, 12 sәuir 1857 jyl».

Áriyne, shygharmanyng qyzyghyn qughan býgingi oqyrman Mari-Antuan-Jul Senardyng kim ekenine asa qatty mәn bere qoymaytyny ras. Alayda, eger de osy avdokat bolmaghanda «Bovary hanym» romanynyng oqyrmangha jol tartuy ondaghan jyldargha keshigip, Gustav Floberding qatal jazalanuy da yqtimal edi. Aytyp otyrghan әngimemiz júrtqa týsinikti bolu ýshin, sәl sheginis jasap, «Bovary hanym» romanyna baylanysty oqighany basynan bayandayyq.

1852 jyly Shyghysqa jasaghan sayahatynan orala salysymen Flober tәuekel etip, úzaq jyldan beri qazan-miynda qorytyp jýrgen jana romanyn jazugha kirisip ketti. Oiynda pisip-jetilgendey bolyp kóringenimen, ómir shyndyghyn barynsha obiektivti etip suretteudi kózdegen jazushygha órnegi ózgeshe toqylghan óner tuyndysyn ómirge әkelu onay bolghan joq. Romangha qúlshyna kirisken suretker tórt jyldan astam uaqyt boyy kýndiz kýlkisinen, týnde úiqysynan aiyrylyp shygharmashylyq sheberhanasynda manday terin tógip, tynym tappay júmys istedi.

1856 jyldyng 31 mamyrynda Flober qalamynyng siyasy әli kebe qoymaghan romanynyng qoljazbasyn «Revu de Pariyge» joldap, jurnaldyng 1 qazan men 15 jeltoqsan aralyghyndaghy birneshe sanynda «Bovary hanym» basylyp, oqyrmangha jol tartty. Jazushynyng jana romanyna «Nuvvelist de Ruan» basylymy da qyzyghushylyq tanytyp, alghashqy taraularyn óz jurnaldarynda jariyalauda bastap jiberip, kenetten kýrt toqtatugha mәjbýr boldy. Úzaq jyldar boyy jýreginde әldiylep, kóz mayyn tauysyp tórt jyldan astam uaqytyn sarp etip, kýni-týni tynym tappay enbektenip ómirge әkelgen Floberding «Bovary hanymy» qalyng elding narazylyghyn tughyzyp, olar «Bovary hanymnyn» avtory men ony jariyalaghan jurnaldyng jauapqa tartylyp, sot aldynda jauap berulerin talap etti. Romandy sonyna deyin basyp ýlgermegen «Nuvelist de Ruan» jauapkershilikten qútylyp ketti de, al, «Bovary hanymdy» tolyq jariyalaghan «Revu de Pariydin» basyna qara búlt ýiirildi. Liyberaldyq baghytty ústanatyn «Revu de Pariyge» biyliktegi atqaminerler onsyz da qyryn qaraytyn. Isting nasyrgha shauyp, biylikting emes, búqaranyng talabymen tym erkinsip ketken basylymdy japtyru, olargha repressiya jasau ýshin tabyla ketken «keremet» syltau boldy.

Fransuz klassiygi Flober, shygharmany jariyalaghan basylym men baspahananyng ýstinen qozghalghan sot 1857 jyldyng 31 qantarynda bastalyp bir aidan astam uaqytqa sozyldy. Isti sotqa deyin qúlaghynan sýirelep jetkizgender shygharmanyng adamgershilikten adalyghyn, iydeal tútatyn birde-bir keyipkerding joqtyghyn, ondaghy sipattalatyn jalanash shyndyqtyng qoghamdaghy qalyptasqan moraligha qauip tóndiretinin aityp, avtordy aiyptady. Dey túrsaq ta sot jauapqa tartylghan avtordy da, romandy jariyalaghan baspagerdi de aqtap aldy. Floberding mýddesin qorghaghan aqyldy da, bilimdi advokat Mari-Antuan-Jul Senar avtorgha taghylyp otyrghan aiyptaulardyng negizi joq ekenin sotta dәleldep shyqty. Jeniske jetken jazushynyng quanyshynda shek bolmady. Eki aidan keyin roman eki tom bolyp jaryq kórip, oqyrman qolyna tiydi.

«Qalauyn tapsa qar janady», degendi dana halqymyz beker aitpasa kerek. Býkil Fransiyany dýrliktirgen aty-shuly oqighadan keyin Floberding danqy kýnnen-kýnge aspandap, halyqtyng «Bovary hanymdy» oqugha degen yntyzarlyghy búrynghydan da beter arta týsti. Romandy basyp shygharatyn kәsipker de tabyla ketti. Miysheli Levy esimdi isker baspager «Bovary hanymdy» bes jyl qatarynan basu qúqyghyn satyp alyp Flobermen kelisim-shartqa otyrdy. Aqshanyng iyisin alystan sezetin kәsipker qatelesken joq. Baspadan shyqqan romannyng alghashqy tirajy qúmgha singen sudan jyldam joq bolyp, baspa bir jyldyng ishinde birneshe ret kitaptyng qosymsha tirajyn basyp shygharyp, mol tabysqa keneldi. Azaidyng ornyna, kerisinshe kitapqa degen súranystyng kóbeye týskeni sonshama, baspager 1862, 1866, 1868 jyldary «Bovary hanymdy» qayta-qayta basyp shyghardy. Alayda, «Bovary hanymnyn» arqasynda qyruar aqshanyng astyna kómilip qalghanyna qaramastan Miysheli Levy fransuzdyng ataqty jazushysyna qayyrshynyng qolyna ústatyn sadaqaday bolmashy tiyn-teben ghana berdi. Osy oqighadan keyin de Floberding kózi tiri kezinde «Bovary hanym» Fransiyada ýsh ret qayta basyldy. Biraq, kitaptyng birneshe mәrte qayta basylyp shyqqanyna, qalyng oqyrmandardyng súranysyna ie bolghanyna qaramastan, synshylar shygharmanyng shyn mәnisindegi shedevr ekenin moyyndaghysy kelmedi.

1857 jyldyng 4 mamyrynda «Monitor» gazetinde jaryq kórgen belgili fransuz synshysy Sh.O. Sent-Bevting maqalasynan keyin «Bovary hanymgha» baylanysty seng qozghalghanday boldy. Óz taldauynda synshy romangha jaqsy bagha berdi. Raylarynan qaytqysy kelmegen synshylar bolsa, alynyp tastalghanyna qaramastan, sottagha aitylghan aiyptaulardy qaytalaudan jalyqpay qoydy. Degenmen, osy oqighadan song romannyng ereksheligin maqtap, ony qoldaushylardyng qatary kóbeye týsti. Al, Floberge shygharmanyng terendigin týsinip, óz oiyn bildirgen Sharli Bodlerding maqalasy qatty únady. Birneshe jyldan keyin fransuzdardyng ataqty jazushysy Emili Zolya «Gustav Floberding «Bovary hanym» romanynyng dýniyege keluimen әdebiyetting jana dәuiri bastaldy» dep shygharmagha óte joghary bagha berdi. (Jalghasy bar)

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