Erteng qasiyetti Qúrban ait merekesi. Álemdik dengeyde mәrtebesi biyik diny mereke sanalatyn Qúrban ait barsha músylman qauymyna ortaq úlyq meyram. Ol oraza aittan keyin 70 kýnnen song bastalyp, 3 kýnge sozylady. Músylman júrtshylyghy ýshin mәni zor mereke aldynda Qúrban ait qútty bolsyn dey otyryp, ghasyrlar boyy jalghasyp kele jatqan qúrban shalu tәrtibi jayly qysqasha sóz etemiz.

Úlyq meyramdy resmi, memlekettik dengeyde atap ótu qazaq eli Tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgennen keyin ghana mýmkin boldy. El Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng 2005 jyly 30 jeltoqsanda qol qoyghan, «Enbek turaly» zangha engizilgen ózgeristerge sәikes, Qúrban aittyng birinshi kýni demalys bolyp tabylady. Qúrban ait merekesining mәn-manyzyna jәne ony dúrys atap ótuding jón-josyghyna toqtalsaq. Qúrban ait merekesi adamdardyng biri-birine izgi niyetter tilep, bir-birining kónil-kýiin kóterip, renjitip alghan kezderi bolsa keshirim jasasatyn kýn. Sonymen qatar, adamzattyng dýiim júrtyn tatulyq pen birlikke, syilastyq pen auyzbirlikke, keshirimge shaqyrady.

Tilimizge enip ketken «qúrban» sózi arab tilinde – «jaqyndau» degen maghynany bildiredi. Termindik maghynasy: Alla Taghalanyng razylyghyna jaqyndau niyetimen qúrban ait kýnderinde shalynatyn arnayy maldyng aty. Basqasha aitqanda, jasaghan sauap ister arqyly jýrekti tazartyp, Allagha jaqynday týsu degendi bildiredi.

Qúrbandyq shalu. Búl kýni sharighat boyynsha barsha músylmangha ortaq ghibadat - qúrbandyq shalynady. Qúrbandyq dep Qúrban ait kýnderinde ghibadat niyetimen shalynatyn maldy aitady. Sondyqtan búl qúrbandyq shalu merekesi, yaghny Qúrban ait dep atalady.

Al qúrbandyq shalu tómendegidey tórt shartqa ie jandargha uәjip bolady: Músylman boluy, aqyldy jәne balighat jasyna toluy, Qúrban ait uaqytynda jolaushy bolmauy jәne negizgi qajetterden tys nisap mólsherindegi qarjygha ie boluy. Nisap mólsheri- 85 gramm altyn yaky sonyng qúnyna teng keletin aqsha. Qúrban shalghan uaqytta mindetti týrde niyet etu kerek. Múnday baylyq mólsheri qolynda joq adamdargha qúrbandyq shalu mindet bolmaghanmen, jaghdayy kelse qúrbandyq shaluyna rúqsat etilgen. Qúrbandyq shalu tek mal bauyzdaumen ghana shektelmeydi. Onda adamnyng ishki niyeti, shyn peyili, dinge bekemdigi, taqualyghy, basqalargha janashyrlyghy tarazygha týsedi. Sonday-aq pendening pendeshiligi men mәrttigi, sarandyghy men jomarttyghy da synalady.

Erekshe aita keterligi, kez-kelgen mal qúrbandyqqa jaray bermeydi. Qúrbandyq retinde shalynatyn maldyng erekshelikteri mynaday bolu qajet: Qúrbandyqqa 5 jasar týie, 2 jasar siyr, 1 jasar qoy-eshkining erkegi de, úrghashysy da shalynady.  Mal aqsaq-toqsaq, aryq, soqyr, qúlaghy joq bolmauy kerek. Aytpaqshy, mýiizi de býtin bolghan shart. Razylyqqa jetu ýshin dúrys mal soyyluy tiyis. Endi osyny tarqatyp aitar bolsaq:

Qúrbandyqqa qoy, eshki, siyr, týie sekildi maldar (erkek-úrghashysy birdey) jaramdy. Al ýirek, qaz, tauyq, týietauyq, elik sekildi jәne taghy basqa da an-qústar qúrbandyqqa jaramsyz.

Qúrbandyqqa jaraytyn qoy men eshki eng kemi bir jasar boluy qajet. Degenmen, alty ailyq qozy bir jasar qoy sekildi iri, qondy bolsa ol qúrbandyqqa jaramdy. Al eshki mindetti týrde bir jasqa, siyr eki jasqa, týie bes jasqa tolghan boluy qajet.

Qúrbandyq maldyng deni sau, etti jәne dene mýsheleri týgel boluy kerek. Qoy nemese eshki ispetti úsaq maldy tek bir adam ghana, al týie nemese siyr sekildi iri-qara maldardy bir kisiden jeti adamgha deyin birigip soya alady. Jәne birikken kisilerding barlyghynyng niyeti qúrbandyq qúlshylyghyn óteu maqsatynda boluy kerek.

Qúrban shalatyn jerge maldy úrmay-soqpay aparyp, maldy qúbylagha qaratyp sol jaghymen jatqyzady. Mal bauyzdalmay túryp ayat oqylady. Ayat bilmeseniz, dúgha oqugha bolady. Oqyp bolghan song «Allahu akbar!» jәne «Lә iylәhaillallah» dep maldy abaylap bauyzdaydy. «Abaylap» degenimiz pyshaqty jalandatpay, madyng kózinshe pyshaq qayramaydy. Ong qolmen «Bismillahi, Allahu akbar» dep bauyzdaydy. Maldyng jany shyghyp bolghangha deyin onyng terisin sypyrmaydy jәne qany tolyq aghyp bitkenin kýtedi. Qúrban shalghangha deyin de, keyin de sol jer taza boluy tiyis.

Qúrbandyq shalu ghibadaty Alla Taghala talap etken, belgilengen mezgilde jәne orynda jasaluy shart. Sondyqtan qúrbannyng dúrys boluy ýshin diny túrghydan onyng belgilengen uaqytta bauyzdalghany jón. Qúrban shaludyng uaqyty qúrban aittyng birinshi kýni ait namazynan keyin bastalyp, aittyng ýshinshi kýni aqshamgha az uaqyt qalghangha deyin jalghasady. Jaryqtandyru jýiesi nashar oryndarda týrli qatelikterge jol bermeu ýshin týnde qúrbandyq shalu mәkrýh bolyp sanalady. Al jaryqtandyru mýmkindigi jetkilikti jerlerde týnde de qúrbandyq shalyna beredi.

Qúrbandyq shalushy bay bolsyn, kedey bolsyn ózining qúrbandyghynyng etin jeuine bolady. Maldyng eti ýsh bólikke bólip taratylady. 1- tuystargha, kórshilerge.  2 – múqtaj jandargha. 3- óz bala-shaghasyna. Degenmen maldyng etin kedey-múqtajdargha taratyp beruine bolady. Barynsha ysyrap jasamaugha tyrysyp, qúrbandyqtyng ishek-qarnyna deyin paydagha jaratugha tyrysu kerek. Eng abzaly maldyng etinen bólek mýshelerin satyp aqshasyn múqtaj jandargha beru.

Býgingi mynau әdildik pen adaldyq azayyp, meyirimdilikting móldir búlaghy tartyla bastaghan qoghamda Qúrban ait syndy úlyq mereke býgingi úrpaqqa úlylar salghan joldy núsqasa eken deymiz. Ayt kýngi izgi niyetteriniz ben shalghan qúrbandyqtarynyzdy Alla Taghala qabyl etsin!

Mәlimetter Qazaqstan Músylmandary Diny basqarmasynyng resmy saytynan alyndy.

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