Kiyeli Eli men Jerining birtútastyghyn qorghap, bostandyghyn saqtap qaluda batyr qazaq halqy astyndaghy atynyng beline, ózining som bilegining kýshine, alyp jýregining týgine, boyyndaghy bes qaruynyng aibatyna sengen.

Adyrna – ógizding jon terisinen jasalyp, sadaq aghashynyng eki basyn iyip ústap túratyn kerme qayystyng atauy. Osynday ii qanghan teriden jasalghandyqtan, sadaq serippeli bolyp, jebesi alysqa úshady. Etnograftar adyrna týrki, monghol tilderindegi «adar», «adyr» sózderimen tórkindes», - deydi.

Aybalta – ejelgi Egiypet zamanynan beri belgili soghys qaruy, ótkir de aibatty. Aybalta Orta Aziya men Qazaqstangha 14-15 ghasyrda keninen taraghan. Onyng alghashqy ýlgileri Batys pen Shyghystyng kóptegen elderining qaru-jaraghynda úshyrasady. Qazaq ústalary aibalta sabynyng únghydan óter eki jaghyn temir qúrsaumen shegelep, ony últtyq qoshqar mýiiz tәrizdi oi-órnekpen bezeydi. Qolgha ústau ýshin saptyng tómengi jaghyna qayystan býldirge baylaydy. Aybalta sabynyng úzyndyghy 70-90 santiymetrge deyin jetedi. Aybaltany belge baylaydy nemese tebingining astyna qystyrady. 

Aymauyt – jauyngerler-ding (sarbazdardyn) úrysqa shygharda oq ótpeui, qylysh jýzi batpauy ýshin ýstine kiyetin sauyty. Ol asyl bolattan shytyr torly etip soghylady. Soghyluy qiyn. Kez-kelgen batyr tauyp, kie almaghan úrys kiyimi. Aymauyttyng shynjyr tory denege batpas ýshin ishinen kiyiz kebenek kiyiledi. 

1. Aldaspan – Semserding bir týri. Jekpe-jek shayqa- sta qoldanylatyn qaru bol-ghandyqtan әri salmaghynyng auyrlyghyna baylanysty onyng qyny bolmaydy, batyrlar shayqasqa qolgha ústap shyghady. Sol sebepti aldaspandy kýshti, qaruly batyrlar ghana paydalanghan. Aldaspandy belge baylaydy nemese iyqqa asyp alady. Ol semser, qylyshtyng ishindegi eng asyly. Batyrlar jyrynda bir siltegende qara tasty da qaqqa bólip, qiyp týsetin aldaspandar kóp surettelgen.

2. Órmek jabdyghyn da aldaspan dep ataydy. Ol aghashtan qylysh etip jasalady. Búl qúral kilem órmegindegi tartylghan kýze- udegi jipti kýzeusiz astynghy jipten bólip, arqaugha týsirip, qaghyp otyru ýshin qajet. Múny soghys qaru-ymen shatastyrmay, bilgen artyq emes. Almas qylysh – soghys qaruy. Bolattyng eng asylynan soghylady. Qazaq batyrlary asynghan bes qarudyng biri – osy almas qylysh. Narkesken almas qylyshtyng anyzgha ainalghan týri. 1861 jyly Zlotousta orys injeneri Anosov qazaqtardyng ertede paydalanghan almas qyly- shtarynyng óte ótkir bolu- ynyng bir syry suaru tәsilin-de, bolatty salqyn kýiinde soghuynda ekenin anyqtap, sonday almas qylyshtardy orys jauyngerlerine jasatqan.

Aqberen – 1. Asyl bolattan japyraq torly etip soghylghan batyrlar sauyty. Ony qylysh kespeydi, nayza tespeydi, odan sadaq oghy ótpeydi dep sipattaydy.

2. Bolattan qúiyp jasalynghan úzyn únghyly shiyti myltyqtyng da atauy – aq-bergen. Múnday myltyqtyng oghy alysqa úshady, dәl tiyedi. Ári myltyqtyng salmaghy auyr bolady. Ony «siraqty myltyq» dep atauynyng syry: únghysynyng úsh jaghynda ashaly tayanyshy bar. 

Atpa nayza – ol әri anshylyq qúraly, әri soghys qaruy bolyp sanalady. Onyng úzyndyghy men salmaghy kәdimgi nayzadan qysqaraq, jenil. Qazaqtar múnday nayzany jaqqa salyp atqan (laqtyrghan). Atpa nayza joghary paleolit dәui- rinde-aq qoldanylghan. Onyng sol kezdegi úshynyng tastan, sýiekten jasalghany belgili. Atpa nayzany erte-degi meksikandyqtardyng da, braziyalyqtardyng da, papuastardyng da paydalan- ghandyghy jóninde derekter bar. Ol sadaqtyng shyghuyna negiz qalaghan tәrizdi. Tarihta rimdikterding de jayau әskerlerin atpa nayzamen qarulandyrghany jóninde derekter kóp. Atpa nayzany býldirgesiz laqtyrghanda 30 metrge, býldirgimen laqtyrghanda 70 metrge jetedi. Orta ghasyrlarda atpa nayzany Europa men Resey de qoldanghan. Atpa nayza – qypshaqtardyng әskery qaru-jaraqtarynyng eng kóne týrlerining biri.

Asha – búl nayzanyng ejelgi týri. Bolattan eki aiyr etip soghylady. Eki aiyr tarmaghynyng arasy 10-15 santiymetr, úzyndyghy 30-40 santiymetr bolady. Sabyn qayynnan jasaydy. Ashany qarsy shyqqan jaudy shanshyp, attan qúlatu ýshin qoldanady. 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisinde әskery qaru-jaraqtyng bir týri retinde sarbazdar qolyna ústap, jazalaushy otryadtarmen shayqasta olargha qarsy alyp shyqqan. 

Badana – aimauyt, aqberen tәrizdi batyrlar kiygen temir sauyt. Saqina torly etip jasaghan. Etek-jenining úzyn da, qysqa da týrleri bar. Shyghyrshyqty kireuke sauyttyng kózine asyl temirden dóngelek japyraq bastyrma soghylghan týrin «badana» nemese «badana kózdi kireuke» dep ataydy.

Besqaru – ertede batyrlar boyyna asynghan qarulardyng jalpylama atauy. Qazaqtardyng besqaruy: qamshy (doyyr), soyyl, shoqpar, nayza, jaq (sadaq). «Er qaruy – bes qaru». Soyyldyng ornyna qylysh nemese aibalta da asynghan. Búida pyshaq – búl da qaru sanalady. Saby sýiekten, mýiizden, yrghay-dan jasalatyn jeteli úzyn pyshaq. Sabynyng moynyn jez, mys, kýmispen әshekeyleydi. Osylay jasal-ghan pyshaqty qazaqtar «Sarymoynaq pyshaq» dep te ataydy.

Bilte (pilte) myltyq – qazaqtardyng ózderi jasaghan, maqta biltemen ot alatyn, serippesiz myltyghy. Onyng bir týri Mәskeuding tarihy múrajayynda kórneki jәdiger retinde saqtauly túr. XVI-XVIII ghasyrlarda jonghar basqynshylaryna qarsy shayqasta kóp qoldanyldy, kóp jasap shygharyldy. Bilteli myltyqtyng eng úzyny, әri auyry – «shamqal», eng alysqa tiyetini – «kýldir mamay» dep atalady. 

Gýrzi – temir shoqpar. Ertede ol әri ang aulau, әri soghys qúraly bolghan. Búl atau parsy sózinen shyqqan. Paleolit dәuirindegi alghashqy adamdardyng negizgi qúraly bolghan soyyldyng kýrdeli týri. Ol salmaghy auyr, myqty aghashtan jasalyp, juan basy qolamen, keyin temirmen qaptalyp qoldanyldy. Gýrzi bertinde biylik etuding qúralyna ainaldy. 

Dulygha – batyrlardyng úrysqa shygharda basyna kiyetin temirden jasalghan bas kiyimi. Dulyghanyng eki jaghy men artqy etegine temir tor ilinedi. Ol adamnyng moyny men iyghyn tymaq tәrizdi tútas jauyp, qylysh, oqtan qorghaydy.

Jaq – syrt týri maldyng jaq sýiegine úqsas, oghy alysqa úshatyn, kólemi sadaqtan ýlken jәne serper aghashy juan, sadaqsha iyilgen túsy siri taspamen orap qaptalghan soghys qaruy. Oghyn uyghy dep ataydy. Ony «jay» (nayzaghay) dep atap, erekshe qasterleydi. Jebe – sadaq oghynyng masaghy. Alghashqyda ony óte berik kremniy tasynan, keyin qoladan, temirden jasap oqtyng úshyna qadaghan. Temir jebeler XIX ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysyna deyin qoldanyldy. Jaudyng jolyna qúrylatyn tikenekti temirding de atauy – jebe. 

Jeke auyz – bir ghana oqpen atylatyn myltyq. Ony bir auyz, qandy auyz, jezdi auyz, beren dep te atay beredi. Jeke auyzdyng bólshekterining atauy: qúndaq, oqpan, shýrpi, shappa, siraq. Oghan oqty auzynan salyp atady. Jeke auyzdy erterekte qazaq ústalary qoldan soghyp jasaghan, deydi zertteushiler.

Jygha – soghysta basqa kiyetin sauyt. Tóbesi ýshkir, manday aldy adamnyng qasyna deyin týsip túratyn, jelke jaghyna bir jarym qarystay shynjyrly baular moyyndy ainala taghylatyn búl bas kiyimdi batyrlar, jasaqtar kiygen.

Zere – ýstige kiyetin sauyt. Ol sadaq jebesi ótpeytindey etip, shynjyrlap túryp jasalady. Zereni jauyngerler bir qabat kiyimning ýstinen kiyedi. Keude túsynda jýrekti sadaq oghynan qorghap túratyn eki bólek tabaqsha qaltqysynyng atauy «sharayna». Búl sauyttyng zere ataluynyng sebebi: ol mys, qola, jez, kýmis tәrizdi jaltyrauyq shyghyrlardy ýzbelestiru arqyly jasalady.

Zúlpyqar – Shyghysta anyzgha ainalghan, kiyeli, qasiyetti sanalghan qylysh. Ár halyqta ol jóninde әrtýrli qyzyq әngimeler, anyzdar bar. Qazaq halqynda keng taraghan anyz-әngimede Áziret Álige «Dýldýl» degen sәigýlikti, «zúlpyqar» degen almas qylyshty Allah Taghalanyng ózi syigha tartqan dep bayandalady. Úlyq Payghambarymyz Múhammed (s.gh.s.) turaly qissa-dastandarda zúlpyqar jii aitylady. Zertteushiler «tarihy shyndyqta zúlpyqardy Áziret Álige Múhammed (s.gh.s.) payghambar tartu etken», - deydi.

Kóbe – kebenek syrtynan kiyiletin temir sauyttyng bir týri. Onyng eki týri bar, olar bylay jasalady:

1. Jýrekti, bilekti, tizeni, iyqty sadaqtyng oghynan, qylyshtan qorghau ýshin jalpaq temirden jasalady.

2. Býkil keudeni qorghau ýshin tyrnaq kóbesine úqsas qola, mys, altyndy qobylap, qatparlap tizip, nemese temir shynjyrlardy biriktirip, kóilek tәrizdi etip jasalady.

Kóze sauyt – soghys kiyimi. Odan sadaq oghy, nayza úshy, qylysh jýzi denege ótpeydi. Ol kóbinese bas kiyim, qalqan, keudege qaqtaghan shar aina, bilekke, tizege jabatyny qysh qoruyshtar týrinde jasalady.

Kireuke – erte zamandaghy soghysta batyrlar kiygen oq ótpes sauyt. Onyng basqa sauyttardan ózindik aiyrmashylyghy bar. Ol keudesinde, arqasynda, bi- lek ýstinde temirden nemese kózeden jasalghan sharalarynyng (sharayna-synyn) boluy.

Qalqan – shayqasqanda nayza, qylysh soqqysynan, sadaq oghynan qorghanu ýshin qolgha ústaytyn qúral. Metall qalqandy alghash ret b.z.b. eki mynynshy jyldarda ejelgi assiriyalyqtardyng paydalanghany jóninde derekter bar. Búryndary tórt búryshty, dóngelek, jarty silindr tәrizdi, jýrekshe, astausha ýlgidegi de qalqandar bolghan. Shyghysta kónnen, qoladan, aghashtan, temirden jasalghan dóngelek qalqandar keng taraghan. Qazaqtardyng ertedegi qaru-jaraghynda osynday dóngelek qalqandar qoldanylghan. 

Qanjar – eki jýzdi, úshy ótkir, qysqa sapty qaru. Ony bolattan soghyp jasaytyndyqtan ótkir, myqty bolady. VI-XII ghasyrlarda qanjar jasau Týrik qaghandyghynyng Qashqar, Balasaghún, Shash, Otyrar taghy da basqa qalalarynda keninen óristegeni jóninde derekter bar. Qazaq handyghynda jasaqtar qanjardy yqsham qaru retinde paydalanghan. Qanjargha kýmis, altyn jalatyp, sabyn әsemdep te belge taqqan.

Qozy jauyryn – sauyt búzugha arnalyp jasalghan sadaq oghynyng úshy (masaghy). Ortasy qyrlanyp, eki jýzdi etilip jasalady. Bolat jebe masaghy әbden kepken emennen, samyrsynnan, qamystan jonghan oqtyng úshyna bekitilip, atylady. Qozy jauyryn jebeni atatyn qúral-qos jauyryn sadaq. Múnday sadaqpen qozy jauyryn oqty әbden jattyqqan, qaruly batyrlar, jasaqtar atqan.

Qoramsaq – sadaq oghynyng sauyty. Ony belge baylap nemese iyqqa asyp alady. Qalyng kónnen jasap órnekteydi. Qoramsa ishinen eki qatar kóldeneng taspa tartady, oghan jebelerdi qatarlay tizedi. Oqtyng alugha onay boluy ýshin jebening kirisi tómen qaratylady. 

Qylysh – iymek kelgen, ótkir jýzdi, ýshkir, shabugha, shanshugha layyqty qaru. Ol negizinen, atty әsker qaruy bolyp sanalady. Bizding zamanymyzdan búrynghy eki myng jyldyqta qylyshty әr elding әskeri qoldanghan. Bolat qorytu isi iygerilgen song Orta Aziyanyng kóshpeli elderinde, Shyghys Europada VIII ghasyrda bolattan jasalghan qylyshtar payda boldy.

Myltyq – ang aulauda, soghysta qoldanylatyn qaru. Alghashqy myltyq dәrisining qúpiyasyn arabtar qytaydan bilip, HII ghasyrda ony óndirip, oq-dәri jasaghan. Myltyqtyng alghashqy týrleri qazaqtar-dyng arasynda payda bolghan merzimi – HV-HVII ghasyr. Myltyqtyng shiyti, bytyraly, bilteli, shýrippeli, opyrmaly, qos auyz, jeke auyz, kókberen, besatar tәrizdi týrleri bar.

Nayza – býkil әlem halyqtary ang aulaghanda, soghysta qoldanady. Qadalghysh, laqtyrmaly qaru. Ol paleolit dәuirinde payda bolyp, 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisine deyin qoldanyldy. Nayznyng әskery qaru retinde keng taraghan kezi – temir ghasyry. Qazaq batyrlary men jauyngerlerining de qaruy shashaqty, temirden ýshkir úshy bar, úzyn nayza boldy. 

Narkesken - ótkir qylyshtyng airyqsha týri. Onyng basqa qylyshtardan ózindik aiyrmashylyghy bar. Ol: narkeskenning asyl bolattan eki jýzdi etip jasaluy, sabynyng sýiek nemese mýiizden qondyrylyp, altyn, kýmisten bederlendirilui. Ertede narkeskendi handar, joghary biyliktegiler, has batyrlar ústaghan. Handar airyqsha syilyq retinde narkeskendi bahadýr batyrlary men qolbasshylaryna syigha tartyp, olardy úlyqtap otyrghan.

Oqshantay – oq-dәri salatyn arnayy qalta. Oqshantaydy qazaq zergerleri sapiyan bylgharydan jasap, ainalasyn shashaqtaghan. Ol belbeudegi shyghyrshyqqa ilinedi.

Sadaq – jebemen atatyn qaru. Sadaqty mezolit dәuirinen HII ghasyrgha deyin, keybir halyqtar HH ghasyrgha deyin paydalanyp keldi. Qarapayym sadaqty tobylghy, ýienki, taghy da basqa qatty aghash shybyqtaryn iyip, eki úshyn qayyspen kerip jasaydy. Kýrdeli sadaqty syrtqy betine sinir tartylyp, ishki jaghy mýiizben qaptalyp, keyde ortasy men eki shetine sýiek bastyrma qaghyp әzirleydi. Kýrdeli sadaqty keng qoldanylghan aimaghy – ejelgi Shyghys elderi. Qazir sadaq tartyp, mergendik synasu – sporttyng bir týri.

Sauyt – bizding zamanymyzdan búrynghy birinshi mynjyldyqta Assiriyada payda bolyp, keyin barlyq elge taraghan kiyim deydi zertteushiler. Bizding ata-babalarymyz – saqtar da, qypshaqtar da sauyt jasaudyng sheberi bolghan. Qazaqta: «Aq sauyttyng jaghasy bar, jeni joq» degen mәtel bar. 

Soyyl – qol qaruy. Alyp jýruge ynghayly, jenil. Úzyndyghy 2-2,5 metr, diametri 6-7 santiymetr qatty aghashtan jasalady. Ábden keuip, kóp ústalghanyn «qaq soyyl» dep ataydy. Shoqpar – qol qaruy. Ony týrki halyqtary kóne zamannan beri qoldanyp keledi. Ol soyyldan qysqa, bas jaghy júmyr bolady. Shoqpardyng bas jaghyn temirmen de qaptaydy. Bas jaghyna qorghasyn qúiyp jasalatyn da shoqpar týrleri bar.

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