Qazirgi tanda, әleumettik jeli aqparat kózining biregeyi. Izdegen marjandy da, arzandy da tabady. Onda shyndyq ta, jalghan da jazylady. Klaviaturamen sózdi monshaqtap sheber tizbektey bilsen, aqty qara, qarany aq dep aita alasyn. Ókinishtisi de osy.

Shamamen bir júma boldy-au deymin, әleumettik jeliden mynaday bir «shyndyqty» oqydym. Ángime bala-shaghasyn asyrau ýshin amalsyz biydghatpen namaz oqyp, aqyry sonynda aqyretin oilap, namazyn sýnnet boyynsha oqy bastaghan, maturidy degen «pәleni» tastaghan, aqiqat tapqan eks-molda jayly. Anyghyn aitqanda, mynany qara dep jamaghattan jigitter siltemesin jiberipti.

Bastapqyda «aqymaqpen aqymaq bolmayyn» dep kónil audarmaghan em. Alayda, oiyna kelgenin aityp, auzyna týskenin jazghandardyng barlyghyna bey-jay qaray bersek, bylayghy júrt ýshin shyndyqtyng qaysy ekenin anyqtau qiyngha soqpay ma?!

Halifa Mansúrdyng qúzyryna Ábu Hanifa kirgen kezde Isa bin Músa: «Ua, músylmandar әmirshisi! Búl qazirgi tandaghy dýniyening ghalymy»,-dep tanystyrady. Sonda halifa: «Siz ilimdi kimnen aldynyz?»,-dep súrady. Ábu Hanifa bolsa: «Omardyng (r.a.) shәkirtterinen, Áliyding (r.a.) shәkirtterinen, Ibn Masghúdtyng (r.a.) shәkirtterinen»,-dep jauap berdi. Halifa Mansúr: «Tamasha, siz óz qújatynyzdy myqty etken ekensiz[1]»,-degen eken.

Hanafy mazhaby negizge alghan hadister boyynsha namaz oqudy nege biydghat deydi? Sonda «sýnnetshil» top hadisti biydghat dep moyyndamasa, qanday sýnnet joldy ústanuda? Eng qyzyghy – osy. Payghambar sózin saudagerding zaty siyaqty únaghanyn alyp, únamaghanyn jaramaydygha shyghara salghany qalay?

Hanafy mazhabynyng tamyryn tabighinder susyndandyrghan. Ghúlama Ábu Hafs imam Aghzamnyng tórt myng sheyhynyng esimderin sanamalap,[2] olardyng basym bóligi tabighinder ekenin aitqan. Ábu Hanifa tuyp ósken Kufa qalasy fiyqh jәne hadis ghúlamalarynyng shoghyrlanghan iri qalalarynyng biri ekenin eskersek búl mәlimet zandy.

Al, Ábu Hanifa shәkirtteri sharighattyng әr salasynda biyik beleske jetken ghalymdar edi. Imam Shafighiyding ústazy Uәkigh mәjilisinde bir kisi: «Ábu Hanifa qatelesken»,-dep qoyyp qalady. Sonda Uәkigh ony keyip tastap: «Kim búlay aitsa, «...olar, bar bolghany maldar tәrizdi. Joq! Olar – joldan qatty adasushy[3]» qalaysha qatelesedi. Onyng janynda Ábu Yusuf pen Múhammed siyaqty fiyqh ghalymdary, hadis ghúlamalary, arab tili bilgirleri jәne Fudayl, Daud әt-Tay siyaqty taqua imamdar bar. Eger qatelesse, ony týzetip otyrady[4]»,-degen eken.

Hanafy mazhabynyng «fishkasy» da osynda. Bir ghalymnyng ilimine emes, myndaghan ghúlamanyng talqysynan sýzilip shyqqan pәtuagha negizdelgen. Áriyne, tek Ábu Hanifanyng sýnnetti týsindiruin ghana mazhab arqau etse, onda syngha úshyrauy mýmkin edi.

Hanafy mazhaby boyynsha namaz oqu biydghat dep qalay qoryqpay aitady?! Búl – belgili bir qauymdastyqqa emes, jer betindegi músylmannyng 3/1  dinine min taghu. Bir qyzyghy, «sýnnetpen» namaz oqityndar tórt mazhabty ta biydghatqa shygharady. Bizding elde etek jayghan hanafy mazhaby bolghan son, hanafy mektebine shýiligedi.

Hanafy ghúlamalarynyng namaz jәne basqa da qúlshylyqtar men sauda-sattyq, neke siyaqty qoghamdaghy qarym-qatynas mәselelerin Qúran jәne hadis negizinde jazylghan klassikalyq enbekterine kýni býginge deyin eshbir әlemdik dengeydegi ghalym syn aitqan joq. Búl zandy jayt. Qúran men hadiske qalay syn aitady?! Mysal ýshin, hanafy fiyqh enbekterining birnesheuin ghana aita keteyin:

1. Ábu Bәkir Múhammed Sarahsi, «әl-Mabsut»;

2. Abdulghany Ghunaymy Dimashqy hanafy Maydani, «Ál-Lubәb sharh әdab kitab»;

3. Abdulla bin Mahmúd bin Maudud Mausily hanafi, «әl-Ihtiyar litalil muhtar»;

4. Ábu Jaghfar Ahmad bin Muhammad Tahaui, «sharh maany asar»;

5. Ábu Bәkir bin Masghúd Kasany hanafi, «Badai Sanai fy tartib sharaiy»;

6. Múhammad ashiq iylәhy Barni, «Tashil Darury ly masail quduriy»;

7. Zafar Ahmed Usmany әt-Tahanaui, «Ilәus sunәn»;

8. Hasan bin Ammar bin Ály Shurunbulaly hanafi, «Nur idah uә najat aruah»;

9. Múhammad Abdulla bin Muslim Bahlaui, «Ádillat hanafia min ahadis nabauia alә masail fiyqhia». Búl tizim tek mening jeke kitaphanamdaghy bar әdebiyetter. Mening biletin kitaptarymnyng legi ghana. Qazaqy tilmen aitqanda, «biletinim – bir toghyz, bilmeytinim – toqsan toghyz».

Sózding toqeteri, dúrys hanafy tәlimin alghan din adamy óz qúlshylyghyn biydghat deui aqymaqtyng sandyraghy bolar edi. Qala berse, әligi molda qiyaldan tughan keyipker boluy әbden mýmkin. Al, rasymen-aq, oidan shygharylghan adam bolmasa meshitting esigi ashyq. Kelip, hanafy mazhabynyng diny әdebiyetterimen tanyssyn, naqty saualdary bolsa, imamdargha qoysyn. Elarasyna lang saludy dogharyp, Qúran Kәrimning «...bilmesender bilim iyelerinen súrandar[5]»,-degen әmirine amal etsin.

Qambarov Ruslan,

islamtanushy

Abai.kz