Qazaq halqynyng Úly Túlghalary turaly asa qúndy, tarihy manyzy joghary ghylymy enbekter, jaryq kórip jatyr. Alayda, osy iske jazushy, shejireshilerding oryndy- orynsyz aralasuy, key jaghdayda búrysqa bastap barady. Búghan Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng qayda tuyp, qayda jerlengeni, ómir sýrgen kezeni, ómirindegi eleuli oqighalar turaly «Jas Alash» gazetinde jariyalanghan jazushy Qabdesh Júmadilovting qos maqalasy, Qamal Ábdirahmannyng jauaby, osy pikir talasqa qosylghan Bolat Nәsenov degen kisining maqalalary dәlel.  Sóitip, gazet oqushylary әbden shatysty. Biz naqty tarihpen ýn qosyp edik, «Jas Alash» baspady. Sizder Sәlimbay Qyrjy degen kisining pikirin basypsyzdar (http://old.abai.kz/content/selimbai-kyrzhy-kabanbai-batyr-kai-zherde-tugan ). Osy sebeppen maqalany Sizderge salyp otyrmyn. Eskerte keteyin, men nayman emespin.

Qazaq halqynyng Úly Túlghalary turaly asa qúndy, tarihy manyzy joghary ghylymy enbekter, jaryq kórip jatyr. Alayda, osy iske jazushy, shejireshilerding oryndy- orynsyz aralasuy, key jaghdayda búrysqa bastap barady. Búghan Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng qayda tuyp, qayda jerlengeni, ómir sýrgen kezeni, ómirindegi eleuli oqighalar turaly «Jas Alash» gazetinde jariyalanghan jazushy Qabdesh Júmadilovting qos maqalasy, Qamal Ábdirahmannyng jauaby, osy pikir talasqa qosylghan Bolat Nәsenov degen kisining maqalalary dәlel.  Sóitip, gazet oqushylary әbden shatysty. Biz naqty tarihpen ýn qosyp edik, «Jas Alash» baspady. Sizder Sәlimbay Qyrjy degen kisining pikirin basypsyzdar (http://old.abai.kz/content/selimbai-kyrzhy-kabanbai-batyr-kai-zherde-tugan ). Osy sebeppen maqalany Sizderge salyp otyrmyn. Eskerte keteyin, men nayman emespin.

            Jazushy Qabdesh Júmadilov «1758 jyly Qabanbay batyr Ýrimjige at saudalap bardy» dep, әr sózinde osy «saudany» Batyrdyng Tarbaghatay manynda ólgenine dәlel etip, ýnemi qaytalap otyrady. «Daraboz» romanynda búl oqigha, tipti, ýlken jeke tarau. Mýtilim tarihshylar moyyndaytyn Sh. Uәlihanov, M. Tynyshbaev, N. Mynjan syqyldy ghúlamalarymyzdyng «Qazaq rulary 1810 jyldan bastap qana Ayakózding sol qanatyna óte bastady» degen naqtyly qújattargha qúrylghan dәlelderin Júmadilov oqymaghan, sondyqtan olardy kәperine almaydy. Qabanbay batyr ólgende nayman-qarakerey-bayjigitter  Tarbaghataygha qonystanyp ýlgermegenin tarihshylar 150 jyldan búryn tanbalap ketse de, olarmen sanaspaq týgili, tarihshylargha joq jerden dau aitady. «Naymandar Tarbaghatayda emes, Arqada otyrsa itarqasy qiyangha Ýrimjige Qabanbay batyr saudamen kele me?» dep talaspaq. Apyr- ai, «Qazaqtyng Bas Batyrynyn, Han Batyrynyng  saudamen sharuasy qansha?» dep bir mezgil oilanbaydy. Olay bolsa, Sәlimbay Qyrjy kórsetpey ketken myna qújatqa qarayyq. «Biz Chiang Lonnyng 22 jyly (1757 jyl- avtor) 7 aidyng 22 kýni Ayakózde kezdeskenimizde Abylay da, Ábilpeyiz de, Qabanbay da sauda qatynasyn ornatugha asa yntaly ekendikterin bildirgen... Bas batyr Qabanbaydyng balasy Edige men inisi Tumatay 57 qazaqty bastap, 9 aidyng 17 kýni Ýrimjige keldi. Olar 380 neshe jylqy әkeldi... Atty janynday jaqsy kóretin halyq at baghasynyng aitarlyq kóterinki boluyn talap etti. Biz olarmen ýsh kýn boyy kelissóz jýrgizip, olardyng ózderine qajet jýk artatyn, minis, soyys attaryn shygharyp tastap, jarau attarynan 166 bas, mayda jylqydan 50 bas, barlyghy 216 at satyp aldyq... Osylaysha aiyrbas saudamyz kónildegidey oryndalyp, 9 aidyng 18 kýni qazaqtar elderine qaytty... Biz Edige men Tumataydan mynany úqtyq: osynyng aldynda qazaq saudagerleri eki ret jolgha shyghyp, Ýrimjining jolyn taba almay qaytyp ketipti... Edige bizge ózderining 30 kýn suyt jýrip kelgenderin aitty. Al Edigeler shygharda bizding qazaqtaghy elshimiz Nauan Abylay, Qabanbay, Ábilpeyizdermen jeke-jeke tildesip, kómek kórsetipti.»

            Búl mәlimet 1991 jyly Pekinde basylghan «Mәnshing handyghy kezindegi batys-soltýstik últtarynyng sauda tarihy» degen qytay tilindegi kitaptyng «Ýrimji-qazaq saudasy» degen tarmaghyndaghy 137 betinen alyndy (kóshirmesin tirkedik). Osy derekterden myna jaghdaylar anyq kórinedi.

1. Qabdesh Júmadilovtyng «Qabanbay batyr 1757 jyly Ýrimjige at saudalap bardy» degeni de, «Daraboz» romanyndaghy osy oqighanyng surettelui de jazushynyng qiyaly.

2. Kókshede otyrghan Abylayhan 1758 jyly Arqadan Ayakózge 1500 shaqyrym jol jýrip,  kezdesuge kelgen. «  It arqasy qiyannyn» ózinen.

3. 1757 jyly Ayakóz- qytay men qazaqtyng shekarasy.

4. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyn, M. Tynyshbaev, N. Mynjandardyng Ayakóz naq osy tústarda qazaq- qytay shekarasy ekenin óz túsynda jazuy tarihy shyndyq. Qazaqtar ózenning sol jaghalauyndaghy, kezinde qalmaq basyp alghan, qazaq jerine  әli ótpegen.

5. Júmadilovtyng 1748 jyldary Qabanbay batyr bastaghan naymandar  Ayakózden ótip, Tarbaghataygha qonystandy deui qisynsyz.

6. Edige 30 kýn suyt jýripti. Jylqy kýnine 70- 90 shaqyrym jol basady. Demek, alghashqy qazaq saudagerleri eng kemi 1500- 1700 shaqyrym jol jýrgen. Jolda әr jeti sayyn demalyp otyrghan. Sonda búl ara qashyqtyq Abylay qonysyna kórshiles. Bayjigitterding sol tústaghy Ata mekeni-  Arqa, Qabanbay batyr Arqada tughan, óler shaghynda osynda otyr. Edige men Tumatay Qabanbay batyrdyng sol kezdegi mekeni Arqadan shyqqan.

Gazet oqushysynyng kózi әbden jetui ýshin myna derekke de sóz bereyik: «Mine, 9 aidyng 7 kýni general Shebdenjabtyng mәlimdemesi keldi, onda «Qabanbay óz úly Edige men inisi Tómetaygha (Tumatay) 50-den astam adamyn bastatqyzyp, (biz jibergen) elshimen birge...Ýrimjining qanshalyqty alys ekendigin jәne sondaghy saudagerlerding sany qanshy ekenin bilu ýshin kele jatyr. Olar ózderimen birge 500- dey jylqy aidap keledi.» Derek tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory Baqyt Ejenqannyng «Qabanbay batyrgha qatysty janadan tabylghan 8 Mәnju qújaty» degen kitaptyng 29 betinen alyndy. Búl qytaylardyng ózara hat alysuy bolsa, qazaqtargha jazghan qattarynda qytay bylay deydi: «Aldynghy joly Sizderding Qabanbaylarynyz úly Edige men inisi Tómetaydy Ýrimjige jiberip, sauda jasatyp qaytqannan keyin ( bizding szyanszuyanimiz) taghy bir ret patshagha mәlimdeme jazyp, sauda bazaryn ashu isin qayta bekitkizdi (41 bet)». Kórdinizder, Júmadylov Qabanbay batyr Ýrimjige bardy dep laghy aitady.

Qabanbay batyrdyng Ýrimjige at saudalap barghany Ýrimjide 1988 jyly shyqqan «Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr» degen kitapta qate aitylyp ketken eken. Múny eki avtordyng biri Zeynolla Sәnik moyyndap, ózi jariyalap jýr. Jazushy Júmadylov osy kitaptan «ýndemey alghan» derektemesining jalghan ekenin bilmegen.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr turaly sóilemes búryn tarihy qújattargha jýgingen jón. Jazushy Qabdesh Júmadilov bir kýn arhivte otyrmaghan, kәsiby tarihshylardyng enbekterimen tanys emes. Ózi sóz etip otyrghan nayman- qarakereylerdin, onyng ishinde Bayjigitterding 17- 19 ghasyrdaghy mekenderinen mýlde habarsyz. 17 ghasyrdyng orta sheninen, 19 ghasyrdyng ortasyna deyin, jazushy aita beretin Tarbaghatay, Altay ónirlerin qalmaqtardyng qazaqtardan uaqytsha tartyp alghany mektep oqulyqtaryna deyin jazylyp jýr. Eng qúryghanda osyny bilgeni jón edi- au. Qabanbay batyr túrsyn onyng arghy atalary da búl jaqta tumaghan. Jalpy 17 ghasyrgha deyin shyghystyng negizgi bóligin naymannyng ýlken toby- Kókjarly, Bura, Sarjomart, Teristanbalylar, naymannyng qúramynda bolyp, keyin bólingen  arghyndardyng birshamasy men kereylerding bir bóligi mekendegenin Nyghmet Mynjan әuelde jazyp ketken. Al tórt Tólegetay ol tústa Syrdan Arqagha qonys audaryp ketken. Basqa ghalymdardan bólip alyp, Mynjangha jeke toqtaluymyzdyng sebebi bar. Qytayda tuyp ósken Qabdesh orys pen qazaq ghalymdaryn oqymay- aq qoysyn, biraq qytaydaghy qazaq ghalymdarynyng atasy Nyghmet aghasyn oqymaghany tang qaldyrady.

Kýshilikting naymandarynyng aldy Tauly Badaqshangha jetip, Ókiresh naymandar býgingi Samarqan, Horezmdi mekendegeni әu bastan belgili. Ókireshten taraytyn Tólegetaydyng tórt úlynyng aldy Ayakózding ong jaghalauynnan 18 ghasyrdyng orta sheninde alghash ret kórinedi. Múnyng aldynda Ókiresh Shal úrpaghy Syr boyyn, Arqany, Omby etegin mekendegen. Múny da bilmeytin,  Qabdesh Júmadilov jazushylyghymen dogharylyp, tariyhqa onsha- múnsha aralasa bermegeni jón siyaqty.

Áneu kýni jazushy Qubas at turaly sóilep qalypty. Búl «Daraboz» romanynda da suretteletin, jazushynyng sóz, qiyaly sheberligin asa dәripteytin ýlken tarau. Qu bas atty Qabanbay batyrgha Boranbay by Úlanbay- Búlanbaylardan (atalaryn úrpaqtary osylay qosarlap ataydy- avtor) alghyzady dep jazady jazushy. Osy shyn ba? Boranbay biyden bes úl, ýlkeni- Qoygeldi. Qoygeldining bes úlynyng ekinshisi- Janan. Janan da bes úl. Olardyng ýlkeni- Úlan, onan keyingisi- Búlan.  Keyin asa bayyp, ekeuin de bay atapty. Sonda Úlan men Búlan Boranbay biyding shóbereleri. Biyding ózi de Qabanbay batyrgha ini tektes, onshaqty jas kishiligi bar. Sonda Úlan men Búlan Qabanbay batyrdan beri desek 80 jas, ary desek 100 jas kishi, Qabanbay batyr baqilyq bolghan song tuady. Onda qalay Úlan men Búlan Batyrgha at syilaydy? Júmadilov әdetindegidey  bolmaghandy boldy dep jazghan.

Qabdesh, jazushy bir inisining ózinen úrlap jýrgenin jazypty. Onysy ras. Eki romandaghy oqigha úqsas, biraq ekeui de qyp- qyzyl ótirik. Júmadilov búl uaqighany tu basta shatystyryp jazghan. Qúdayәlining (jazushy Áli ataydy, azandy atyn da atay almaydy) bәibishesi - Qarqara, toqaly - Mýney ghoy. Batyrdyng eki kelinin ajyrata almaghan Júmadilov osy uaqighagha da ýlken tarau arnap, әbden bylyqtyrady. Toqal Mýneydi bәibishe dep, toqaldyng ýstine bәibishe Qarqarany kelin etip týsiredi. Sózara aita ketse týk emes qoy. Osy jalghandyghy jeke, úzaq taraudy týgel jaramsyz etedi. Olay desek ótirikke ótirik qosqan inisin jazghyrmasa da bolar edi. Romanda osynday ýsh birdey taraudyn, romannyng qazyghy, negizgi iydeyasy - naymandardyng 1748 jyly týp kóterilip, shyghysqa ornalasuy tap- túinaq jalghan jazylsa, ol romannyng shyndyghyn da shamalaghan shygharsyz. Osynsha ótirik nege kerek boldy? Atany maqtau ýshin be? Daraboz madaqtaugha zәru emes. Endeshe Qabdesh jazushy Qarakerey Qabanbay arqyly ózi de zoraymaq qoy. Biraq ayaghy mynaday úyatqa soghyp jatyr.

Qabdesh Júmadilov qansha daulasa da Qabanbay batyrdyng Tarbaghatay manynda ólgenine bir de bir tarihy derek keltire almaydy, bir de bir tarihshygha silteme jasamaydy. Sebebi, onday derek, onday tarih joq. Joqty qaydan alsyn. Al tarihy túlgha turaly - tarih sóileui tiyis. Qabanbay batyr anyz keyipkeri emes, bedelindi ortagha salghannan dym shyqpaydy. Betalbaty, meniki jón dep sóiley beru  ghylymy dәiekke qarsy qaru bolmaydy. Qabanbay batyr Shyghysta ólmegen, Qabdesh jazushy  qansha talassyn, talaspasyn, ólgen jeri, molasy Arqada, Esil- Núra ózenderining ortasynda.

Qabdesh Júmadilovtyng qatasyna Bolat Nәsenov ýles qosypty. Bolat Nәsenov kәsiby tarishy emes. Esepshi. Songhy onshaqty jyldary orystardan biraz múra әkelgeni ras. Biraq kóshirip әkelu tarihshy degen mamandyqpen qosylmaydy. Doktor bolu ýshin kәsiby tarihshylar býkil ómirin arnaydy. Bes jyl oqidy, eki jyl aspiranturasy bar, kandidattyghyna dayyndyghy, qorghauy eng kemi bes jyl alady. Sonda on eki jylda jetse kandidat bolady. Al doktorlyqqa taghy da 10-15 jyl kerek. Nәsenovke ataq berilgen, berilmegenin, berse kim, nege bergenin bilmeymin. On jylda bastauysh tarihshy bilimi joq adamgha ne qylghan doktorlyq?

Osy tarihshy maqalasyn jazu sebebin jasyrmay aitypty. Arqagha arghynnan ózge rudy jolatqysy joq. «Arqa - arghyn jeri» dep songhy myng jyldyqtyng «janalyghyn ashypty». Biraq Arqagha arghyn, nayman, kerey, merkit, uaq, aday, sherkes, tabyn, tama, rulary Shynghys joryghymen birge qúlap, keyinirek alshyn, jaghalbayly rulary alma-kezek otyrghany kez- kelgen bilimdi tarihshygha anyq. Býkil noghayly osy jaqtan kóterilgeni de shyndyq. Anyghynda, Arqa ol zamangha deyin qypshaq dalasy atanyp, qypshaqtardyng shyghysy Tarbaghatay, Altaydy mekendegen naymandarmen kórshi- olandy. Arghyn ol zamanda tariyhqa enbegen. Qay rudyng qúramynda jýrgeni әli talasty, naqtyly anyqtala qoyghan joq. Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiyevting dәleli belgili. Ol kisi Shynghyshan túsynda arghyndardyng esh auyzgha alynbauyn, arghyndardyng nayman ishinde boluymen týsindiredi. Arghyndy naymannan taratady.

Arghyndardyng Arqagha týpkilikti qonys tebui 18 ghasyrmen ayaqtalady. Bógenbay batyrdyng Qarataudyng eteginde, Búqar jyraudyng Búqarada tuuy arghyndardyng ,tipti, 18 ghasyrgha deyin shashyrap jýrgeninin, әli tútastay jinalmaghanynyng kuәsi emes pe. Arghyn- tobyqtylar qalmaq shapqynynyng aldynda 1723 jyly Syr óniri- Shiyelide otyrdy emes ne? Bolat Nәsenovting qarakesekteri  Kishi Jýzben shektesetin. Kishi Jýzdegi qarakesekter sonda qalyp qoyghandar. Osyny bilmegen ne qylghan doktor ekenin úghu qiyn.

Tang qalghanymyz, Nәsenov 1830 jylghy orystar eng alghash jasaghan Arqadaghy rular tizimin «tappay, kórmey» ketedi. Sebebin qazir týsinesizder.  Sóitedi de 1831 jylghy keyingi  tizimdi aldygha tartady. Biraq Nәsenov ataghan búl rular Aqmoladan ary qaray, ainala otyrghandar. Aqmolanyng óz tabanynda 1830 jyly orystar kelgende kim otyrghany myna tizimde jýr:

  « Vedomosti o kazakah Srednego Juza  vstupivshih v poddanstvo Rosii, po doneseniyam otryadnyh nachalinikov:

1.Podpisi Shubina F. IY.                                             chislo kibitok

Altay-karpykovskih volostey                                             7085

Sverh togo sultany Gubaydulla Valihanov, Kunur- Kulidja Hudaymendin y Sarjan Kasymov so vsey familiey.

            2. Podpisi Kosturina

            Nayman Kara- kiyreevskih volostey                                               8151

                                                                                                                      7146

            Onyh je volostey raznyh rodov                                        1910

            Nayman mataevskih volostey                                                             300

Sverh togo sultany Sart Yuchiyn, Saltabay Bopin y mnogie drugiye.»

            Osy tizimnen bólek nayman-tórtuyldardyng 3400 shanyraghy tirkelgen. Sonda 1830 jyly Aqmolada 20607 shanyraq nayman, onyng ishinde 15297 shanyraq qarakerey otyr. Búl degen 100 mynnan astam nayman, 75- 80 myng qarakerey qoy, sol tústaghy nayman- qarakereylerding eng azy 70- 80 payyzy. Nәsenovting osynsha júrtty, 1830 jylghy sanaqty tútastay aitpay ketkeni ol kisining Arqada arghyndardan ózgeni jýrgizgisi kelmeytinining aighaghy. Eldi 1831 jylghy tizimmen aldamaqshy. Alayda shyn tarih múnday falisifikasigha esh kónbeydi. Búl Nәsenovting 17- 19 ghasyrdaghy qazaq rularynyng qonysynan habary joqtyghynyn, tarihy bastauysh bilim almaghanynyng naqty aighaghy. Tiyanaqty, joghary, kәsiby bilimsiz tariyhqa boylay almaysyn.

             Nәsenov, apay joq- topay joq, Qabanbay batyrdy 1764 jyly óldi dep sholaq kesipti. Onda Batyr 72 jasynda ólgen bolyp shyghady ghoy. Biraq barlyq dastanda Qabanbay batyr óz auzymen «Men keldim jetpis segizge» deydi. Qabanbay batyrdyng ózine senemiz be, әlde Nәsenovke senemiz be? Tipti, Nәsenov bir ailamen sózin sóilegen Júmadylov әldeqashan «Batyr 1770 jyly ólgen» dep tirep qoyghan. Osy tústy ekeui kelisip almasa kerek. Qabanbay batyrdyng 1769- 1770 jylghy qazaq- qyrghyz qaqtyghystarynyng bas qaharmany ekeni tarihy shyndyq, osy jyly at ýstinde, 78 jasynda jekpe- jekke shyghyp jýr. Endeshe batyr qalay ol soghystan 5- 6 jyl búryn ólip, sol soghysta qol bastap jýredi? Nәsenov 18 ghasyrdaghy qazaq- qyrghyz qatynastarynan júrday. Maqalasyndaghy ózge uaqighalar taldau kótermeydi. Jalang sóz, tarihtan habary joq adamnyng shimayy.

 Qabanbay batyrdyng Shyghysta ólgenine, sol tústa nayman- qarakerey- bayjigitterding shyghysqa qonystanghanyna bir de bir naqtyly tarihy aighaghy joq eki adamnyn- Júmadylov pen Nәsenovting sonsha dauryqqany tang etedi. Qabanbay batyrmen birge qosarlanyp kórinip, nasihattanyp qalu ýshin sonsha dau kóteru ne qajet? Júmadylovtyng maqalasy mәdeniyetsiz, kórgensiz jazylyp, tóbeles tilep túr. Bilimdi adam aldymen óz basyndaghy minin kórmey me? Qatesin tap basyp, týzetpekshilerding bәrine shapshyp sóileytini nesi eken? Týk abyroy berip túrghan joq. Al Nәsenovke aitarymyz- tarihshy bolu ýshin eng aldymen kәsiby tarihshynyng basty prinspterin iygeru kerek. «Derektanu» degenning qanshalyqty manyzdy ekenin ýirenui tiyis. Kóshirmeshilik- tarihshy degen mamandyqqa on qaynasa sorpasy qosylmaydy. Eki daukeske aitarymyz- Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr turaly tarihtan habarlarynyz joq eken,  búl tarihtan aulaq jýrgenderiniz tura.

Núrtughan Aytsapiyn,

professor

Almaty.

(Maqala Mәdeniyet jәne aqparat ministrligining tapsyrysy boyynsha dayyndaldy)

Abai.kz