Qazaq halqynyng bitim-bolmysy, minez-qúlqy, túrmys salty  el arasynda saqtalghan auyz әdebiyetinde kóbirek kórinis tauyp jatady. Ásirese, aitys, qoshtasu, synsu sekildi auyz әdebiyeti janrlarynan týrli kezende ghúmyr keshken halqymyzdyng salt-sanasyn ghana emes, belgili bir aituly oqighalar jayynda habar beretin derek kózderin de kezdestiruge bolady. Qazaqtyng úlan-ghayyr jerining birsypyra bóligi býgingi kýni kórshi elder enshisinde. Kónilge medeu bolatyny, onda kýni býginge deyin qandas bauyrlarymyzdyng meken etip salt-dәstýri men әdeby qúndy múralaryn qaymaghyn búzbay saqtap kele jatqandyghy. Solardyng bir iri shoghary retinde Altay tauynyng kýngeyi men teriskeyin mekendep kele jatqan Shyghys Týrkistan men Qobda beti (Mongholiya qazaqtary) ekendigi әmbege ayan.

Atalmysh mekendegi qandastarymyz arasynda qúdalasu, bir-birimen etene aralasu ejelden qalyptasqan ýrdis bolghan. Biri Shynjang ólkesine, ekinshisi Monghol eline qaratylyp, arasyn shekara bólip tastasa da olardyng tuystyq qarym-qatynasy, aralasyp-qúralasuy tolastaghan emes. Tipti, Mao-Ze-Dun túsynda shekara tars jabylsa da Beyjing arqyly aryp-ashyp tuys-bauyrlaryn izdep, aitshylaytyndardyng qatary siyrese de ýzilmegen. Al, odan búrynghy yaghni, ýsh aimaq biylik qúrghan nemese odan da ilgeri HH ghasyrdyng bastapqy on-jiyrmasynshy jyldary túsynda el biylegen aituly túlghalardyng ómiri jayynda erterekte anyz ghyp aitylar әngime kóp edi.

Qazaq halqynyng bitim-bolmysy, minez-qúlqy, túrmys salty  el arasynda saqtalghan auyz әdebiyetinde kóbirek kórinis tauyp jatady. Ásirese, aitys, qoshtasu, synsu sekildi auyz әdebiyeti janrlarynan týrli kezende ghúmyr keshken halqymyzdyng salt-sanasyn ghana emes, belgili bir aituly oqighalar jayynda habar beretin derek kózderin de kezdestiruge bolady. Qazaqtyng úlan-ghayyr jerining birsypyra bóligi býgingi kýni kórshi elder enshisinde. Kónilge medeu bolatyny, onda kýni býginge deyin qandas bauyrlarymyzdyng meken etip salt-dәstýri men әdeby qúndy múralaryn qaymaghyn búzbay saqtap kele jatqandyghy. Solardyng bir iri shoghary retinde Altay tauynyng kýngeyi men teriskeyin mekendep kele jatqan Shyghys Týrkistan men Qobda beti (Mongholiya qazaqtary) ekendigi әmbege ayan.

Atalmysh mekendegi qandastarymyz arasynda qúdalasu, bir-birimen etene aralasu ejelden qalyptasqan ýrdis bolghan. Biri Shynjang ólkesine, ekinshisi Monghol eline qaratylyp, arasyn shekara bólip tastasa da olardyng tuystyq qarym-qatynasy, aralasyp-qúralasuy tolastaghan emes. Tipti, Mao-Ze-Dun túsynda shekara tars jabylsa da Beyjing arqyly aryp-ashyp tuys-bauyrlaryn izdep, aitshylaytyndardyng qatary siyrese de ýzilmegen. Al, odan búrynghy yaghni, ýsh aimaq biylik qúrghan nemese odan da ilgeri HH ghasyrdyng bastapqy on-jiyrmasynshy jyldary túsynda el biylegen aituly túlghalardyng ómiri jayynda erterekte anyz ghyp aitylar әngime kóp edi.

Qazirgi tanda onday tarihy oqighalardyng kuәgerleri ómirden ozyp, sanqily qyzyqty әngimelerdi bala kezde qúlaghy shalghan bizding ózimiz aqsaqaldyq jasqa jettik. Endi, keybir biletin jaylarymyzdy jazyp qaldyra jýrmesek keyin úmytyluy, izdesek tappaytyn jauhargha ainalary haq. Osy niyetpen әdebiyettanushy ghalymdar men zertteushilerge, kóziqaraqty oqyrman qauymgha arnap, Shyghys Týrkistan men Qobda beti qazaqtary arasynda aty anyzgha ainalghan  Qara Ospanqyzy Darighanyng úzatylghan kezinde anasymen jәne aghasymen kórisip, qoshtasqan jyryn úsynudy jón kórdim.

Búl jyrdy óz anam Shúnqyrbayqyzy Bolathannyng aituy boyynsha jәne Abaq Kerey ruy Janqara-Jәdikting jyrshy-aytyskeri Áukeúly Syrdyqan ózining úly Tukaygha jazdyrghan núsqasy boyynsha qúrastyryp otyrmyn.

Búl oqigha búdan shamamen 110-120 jyl búryn bolghan. Bayqara-Jәdikten shyqqan ataghy alty Alashqa belgili Qara Ospannyng qyzy Darighany Sherushiden shyqqan ataqty ýkirday Sýkirbaydyng auylyna aittyrady. Qara Ospan qara qyldy qaq jarghan әdil by Beysembining úly. Keyinde Qara Ospannyng ózi de әke ornyn basyp, by bolghan. Al, Sýkirbay - Altaydyng kýngey betining qazaqtaryn Qobda betine alghash bastap kelip qonystandyrghan ataqty bay jәne qytaygha da, qazaqqa da, mongholgha da bedeldi by Jylqyshynyng úly. Ekeui de «sen arystan bolsan, men - danyshpan, sen bas jesen, men jambastan qalyspan» desip, adam-pendege des berispey dýrkirep túrghan shaghy bolsa kerek.

Ol kezde Ospan auyly Altaydyng arghy bókterindegi Qanas kólining arnasynda qonystanghan, al jaz jaylauy - Altaydyng ýstirtindegi Emegeytining salqyn sary jony. Qanastan on shaqty kýn kóship jaylauyna jetedi eken. Beysembi biyding (Bejennin) ajarly da aqyldy, aghayyn men jegjattyng bәrine de jaghymdy bәibishesi - Áymi. Áymiydi el Áyapang dep qoshemetteydi eken.

Jәdikting Bayqara ruynan shyqqan әdil by Beysembining kenje úly Qara Ospan da qajyr-qayratymen, aqyl-parasatymen, sheshendiligimen jәne tórelikte adal da turashyldyghymen elge tanylghan Kereyding kemengerining biri edi.

Osynday asyldardyng synyghy, Ospannyng aqyldy da qayratty, ot auyzdy, oraq tildi sheshen qyzy Darighagha qalyng malyn berip, qúdalasyp qaytqannan keyin Qara Ospan men Sýkirbaydyng arasyna jik týsip, narazylyq tuady.

Narazylyqtyng sebebi, mening estuimshe: Sýkirbaydyng sәnge jetektep jýretin «mysyq qara» degen symbatty qara aty bolghan. Sol qara atty Ospan qalap, tartu-taralghysyn berip súrattyrghanda Sýkirbay bermegen. Osyghan ókpelep, ishtey kek saqtaghan Qara Ospan qalyng mal jetkize barghan qúdalardyng atqosshy balasyna bir kózi soqyr atty kiyitke ústap mingizgen. Áriyne, bala atty mensinbey, kónili tolmaydy (Sýkirbaydyng da bir kózi soqyr bolghanyn eske alsaq, Qara Ospan balagha soqyr atty kiyitke ústap mingizgeni kezdeysoq emes ekeni belgili).

Qalyng mal jetkizip berisip kelgen adamdardan Sýkirbay: «Barghan adamdardyng kiyitke kónili toldy ma?» dep súraghanda baryp kelgen adamdar: «soqyr atqa atqosshy balanyng kónili tolmady» degendi aitady. Búl sóz elge jayylyp ketedi. Osylaysha «kiyitke qúdalardyng kónili orta bolypty» degendi estigen Qara Ospan: «Sherushiler soqyr maldanbasa Sýkirbaydy nege maldanyp otyr» degen eken. Osy sózden ot shyghyp, Sýkirbay qúdalasqan auylymen atysyp-shabysugha bel baylaydy. Biraq sherushining iygi jaqsylary birigip: kelindi (Darighany) alghannan song jәdikterden (Qara Ospan әuletinen) kek qaytarayyq» dep Sýkirbaydy toqtatady.

Qúdalar jaghy Darighany úzatyp alyp qaytugha barghanda qyzyn qúdalargha shygharyp salyp, otauyn tigip, jasauyn berip qaytugha Darighanyng әjesi (el-júrt Áyapa dep ataytyn, Beysembining bәibishesi) jәne Battal degen aghasy ekeui birge jýredi. Jasau artqan 35 týieli keruendi Áyapang jetektep, jolda birneshe qonyp, Qobdanyng Jylandy degen jerine kelgende aldarynan qaru-jaraq asynyp, jol tosqan kóp jasauyl shyghyp keruendi toqtatady. Búl Sýkirbaydyng jol tostyrghan jasaghy edi. Jasauyl topty Sýkirbaydyng inisi Bayymbay bastapty.

Jasauyl top keruendi toqtatyp Sýkirbay ýkirdaydyn: «Darigha kelinning jasauy men ózin ghana alyp kelinder, kelinning tórkini tarapynan eshbir qúda-qúdaghy kelmesin, birge kele jatqan qúda-qúdaghilar keri qaytsyn» degen jarlyghyn habarlaydy. Qúdalar jaghy osynshama suyq minez kórsetkenine qatty nalyp, ókpelegen Darighanyng Áyapasy men Battal aghasy jol ortadan auylyna qaytargha ainalghanda, Darigha Áyapasyn qúshaqtap úzaq kórisedi.

Búl kóristing ózinen Kereyding aru qyzdarynyng oiy qanshalyqty teren, óreli ekenin, kezegi kelse ólen-jyrdy oilanbay-aq aghytyp ala jóneletin sheshen de útqyr bolghanyn keyingi úrpaq bilip, taghylym ala jýrsin degen oimen tolyq núsqasyn tómende úsyndym:

Darighanyng kóris-jyry

Ómirtay Ospan, Sýkirbay

Ekeuing boldyng eki úday.

Aldymnan sherik¹ tartqyzghan

Kózindi ashpa Sýkirbay.

Jasauyl jaraq saylattyn

Sauyt pen semser baylattyn

El júrtyna daq bolar

Qatyngha qylghan qayratyn.

Kóktemes shalghyn qamyssyz

Aytylmas kóris dauyssyz.

Jalghyz taygha² ar satqan

Sýkirbay netken namyssyz.

Shapan bir kiydim jaghalap,

Jorghany mindim taghalap.

Bir tay ýshin bergen-di

On bes jorgha baghalap.

At jaraydy kermeden

Er jaqsysy elmenen.

El biylegen adamnan

Esirik múnday kórmegen.

Aytqanyndy apa, búrmayyn

Ádepsizdik qylmayyn

Astamdyq, qorlyq kórgende

Ayanyp ta qalmayyn.

Sýkirbay kәri qaqpasym

Bir qúday senen saqtasyn

Syilamadyng bir jolgha

Áyapamnyng aq shashyn.

Jaylaudaghy japyraq

Qystaudaghy qysyraq

Búl dýniyeden onbay ket

Kózine kirsin topyraq.

Shapan bir kiydim aishyqty

Byltyrghy qúlyn tay shyqty

Jylandygha kelgende

Sýkirbay degen jau shyqty.

Shatyr bir tiktim qazyqtay

Áyapam bergen azyqty-ay

Aldynnan sherik tosatyn

Boldynyz nege jazyqty-ay.

Otyz bes týie artqanym

Jibekten arqan tartqanym

«Ayrylman» deytin Áyapam

Jol ortadan qaytqanyn.

Taypalta mindim súr jorgha

Minbeydi, bolsa, kim jorgha

Jón bilmeske kez bolghan

Amalym bar ma, qu sorgha.

 

Qobdanyng boyy keruen

Altayda qúrdym seruen

At ailanbas Kereyden

Qanday jerge kelip em.

Kelgen de jerim Qobda edi

Jetegim on bes jorgha edi.

Osynsha qorlyq kóretin

Áyapam netken sorly edi.

Emegeyti jaylauym

Jaghalay bie baylauyn

Aldymnan sherik tartqyzyp

Artymnan dauyn saylauyn.

Jylandy degen jer eken

Sherushi degen el eken

Dórekilik is istep,

Kereyge nesin der eken.

Jelbirep noqa jelegim

Kóshken eldey kelemin.

Adamsynghan ór keude

Osy ma bar ónerin.

Esikting aldy sayyrdy-ay

Sayyrdan jylqy qayyrdy-ay

Ayrylman deytin Áyapam

Jylandydan aiyrdy-ay.

 

Esikting aldy qayyndy-ay

Bir qaynagham Bayymbay

Jol ortadan qayyryp,

Áyapam saghan ne qyldy-ay.

Berushi eng әke batandy

Keshire kór qatemdi

Qaytardy joldan, amal joq

Sharshap bir kelgen apamdy.

Ákemning aty Ospan-day

Bәigege jýirik qosqanday.

Ne jazyghym bar edi

Aldymnan sherik tosqanday.

Jýk arttym týie kilemdep

Ósedi jylqy kýrendep

Oylap pa eding Áyapam

Basymshyldyq kórem dep.

Qanastay shalqar kólim-ay

Jaghalay qonghan elim-ay

Kórmegen qorlyq kórsetti-au

Sýkirbaydyng sherigi-ay.

Ýsh Torghaytty jerim-ay

Bes Bayteke elim-ay.

El men jerdi oilasam,

Aylanyp týser belim-ay.

 

Ayty,Ýshtas jaylaghan

Jasangha bie baylaghan

Qyz-kelinshek jiylyp

Átkenshek teuip oinaghan.

Jerden jemis terip jep,

Qyzyghyna toymaghan

Bayansyz eken súm jalghan

Bir kýngidey bolmaghan.

Buyrshynnyn³ dalasy-ay

Sarsýmbening qalasy-ay

Symgha bir tartqan kýmistey

Átteng bir shúnqyr aghashy-ay.

Buyrshyn degen toghayym

Álimbek degen noghayym

Álimbekten aiyrylyp,

Shyqpaghan jannyng onayyn.

Janqaltam tolghan órigim

Álimbek mening serigim

Álimbekten aiyrylyp,

Shybynday jannyng berigin.

Kishkene úrshyq - qorghasyn

Álimbek mening joldasym

Apamdy joldan qaytarghan

Sýkirbay soqyr onbasyn.

 

Qara bir jorgha mingenim

Qaziyne torghyn kiygenim

Basyma ósek baylanyp⁵

Ot jalyn bolyp kýigenim.

Aghamnyng aty Battal-day

Tolyqsyp topqa attandy-ay

Asudan qarsy shyqqany-ay

Ataly jauyn tapqanday.

Esikting aldy baldyrghan

Bazardan sayman aldyrghan

Jalghyz da agham Battalym

Tobasyn⁶ dúshpan qondyrghan.

Esikting aldyn jumas pa em

Torghynmen belimdi bumas pa em

Anadan úl bop men tusam,

Osy elden jylqy qumas pa em.

Angty, Ýshtas jaylasyn

Jaghalay bie baylasyn

Namysy bolsa bizding el

Osy elden jylqy aidasyn.

dep, Áyapasymen úzaq kórisip airylmaghanda, qayyn aghasy Bayymbay: «boldy endi» dep kelindi qamshymen osyp ketedi. Sonda:

«Qaynagham aty Bayymbay

Tóskeyge shyqqan qayynday

Búl sodyrgha ne qyldym,

Osyp ketti-au tayynbay».

dep, ary qaray Áyapasynyng jolyna esen-saulyq tilep qoshtasady:

Áyapam eding ayauly-ay

Asyqpay jýrgen bayaular

Qadirdi bilmes qataldan

Kóniling ketti-au qayauly-ay.

Áyapam endi aman bol

Amandyq bersin úzaq jol

Aty bar әkem, alashqa

Doyyrgha múnday, bolmas qor.

Kóremin qansha keseldi

Jibermespin, esemdi

Ayyrylar jerim bolsa, osy

Aman bol, apam, hosh endi.

Darigha osylaysha Áyapasymen qoshtasyp bitip, endi aghasy Battalmen qoshtasyp kórise bastaydy.

 

Qara Ospanqyzy Darighanyng aghasy Battalmen qoshtasqan kórisi

Aynalayyn agha-ekem

Bauyrgha agha baq eken

Myna bir kórgen qorlyqtan

Ózine agha zar etem.

Áyapam edi ayaulym

Shyqpaydy shany jayaudyn

Úmytylar ma kýni bolar ma

Jýrekke týsken qayaudyn

 

Múnymdy aitam aghagha

At sýiener taghagha

Aldymnan sherik oirandap

Kelgendey boldym dalagha

Qaytarsyng agha, qasymnan

Kórmegen isim jasymnan

Qayyrdy, kelip, kóp sherik

Berdenke myltyq asynghan.

Osynday josyn⁷ kórippe en

Súmpayy jerge kelippe em

Kempir-keshek, balagha

Saylanyp shyqty-au sherikpen

Topty sherik, at qoydy

Qúiylyp betten lap qoydy

Keleatqan kóshke kýsh qylyp

Kónilge qayau sap qoydy.

Áyapam mingen súr jorgha

Attanghan eken súm jolgha

Sherigi zorlap qaytardy

Amalym bar ma, qu sorgha

Asyldyng edi, synyghy

Ardaqty jannyng úryghy.

Biyligi qúrysyn Sýkirbay

Ne degen jaman, qylyghy.

 

Aydadym jylqy adyrdan

Agha-ekem edin, qadirden

Jasyp bir qayttyn, qayteyin

Sógildi-au, endi qabyrgham.

Shaghayyn agha, múnymdy

Demeniz qalay, múnymdy

Ájualap qaytarghan

Sýkirbay netken «jyryndy».

Esikting aldy jar ma edi

Aylanar jerim tar ma edi

Shay-suyna, osynyn

Áyapam mening zar ma edi.

Saghynam agha kórgenshe

Artymnan izdep kelgenshe

Kónilden qaytip ketedi

Osynday qorlyq ólgenshe

Qúndyzdy bórik basymda

Tolyqsyp kelgen jasymda

Apam men agham, qayteyin

Bolmadyng bir kýn, qasymda

Jylandy degen jer eken

Jaghalap qonghan el eken

Bir taygha sonsha doldanyp,

Ákeme nesin der eken.

 

Úshyrdym qyran sonarda

Aynalyp qolgha qonar ma

Osy kórgen qorlyghym

Tiride úmyt bolar ma

Áueden úshqan búldyryq

Qoghadan shyghar uyldyryq

Zorlyqpen joldan qaytardy-au

Aghamnyng saghyn syndyryp.

Shapan bir kiydim týimelep

Pәueske⁸ shektim kýimelep

Apam men agha aldynnan

Sherigi shyqty-au ýimelep.

At bayladym kermelep

Dombyra sherttim termelep

Osyndaygha kez boldyq

Jylandy degen jerge kep.

Ashpanyz endi esigin

Tiygizip alma kesirin

Aldyna baryp bas úrma

Ardaqty tughan esilim.

Áueden úshar kezqúiryq

Kezekti jerde sóz jýirik

Egilmey agha, atqa min,

Osylay boldy bir búiryq, -

dep aghasy men apasyn attandyryp, jasau artqan kóshin ózi jetektep, Sýkirbay auylyna qaray jol tartqan eken.

 

Keybir sóz-ataulargha týsindirmeler:

1 - sherik - mongholsha «sereg», qazaqshasy «әsker» degen sóz.

2 - jalghyz taygha - jalghyz at ýshin daulasqanyn aitady.

3 - Buyrshyn - mongholsha «Buurchiyn» degen jer aty.

4 - Álimbek degen noghay jigit Qara Ospan auylynda bala oqytatyn molla eken. Qara Ospanmen arazdasqan kezde Sýkirbaylar jaghy egesip, Qara Ospannyng bedelin týsiru ýshin, Darighany jamandau ýshin, Darigha Álimbekpen kónildes eken dep ósek taratqan. Osyny estigen Darigha Qayyn júrtynyng ósegin betine basyp, namysyna tii ýshin әdeyi Álimbek mening «serigim, joldasym» dep aitady.

5 - «Álimbekke baylanystyryp ósektedinizder» degeni.

6 - tobasyn - «tәubesin» degen sóz.

7 - josyn - mongholsha «yoson», qazaqsha «jón-josyq» degen sóz.

8 - pәueske - oryssha «povozka» degen sóz: adam tasymaldaytyn әsemdegen atarba.

Úlyqpan QAMANÚLY,

S. Torayghyrov atyndaghy

PMU professory, ghylym doktory (ScD)

«Abay-aqparat»