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Myng bir mysal 23547 33 pikir 1 Nauryz, 2019 saghat 13:00

8-nauryz merekesi qaydan shyqqan?

Jyl sayyn 8-nauryz kýni Halyqaralyq әielder merekesin әr birimiz әdemi gýldermen, qymbat syilyqtarmen toylaudy әdetke ainaldyrdyq. Býgingi kýni 8-nauryz meyramynyng týp-tamyry sonau XX ghasyrdyng basyndaghy barsha әielderding óz qúqyqtary ýshin kýresinde jatqanyn biri - bilse, biri - bilmes. Degenmen, merekening shyghu tarixy jayly tarixy boljamdar da jetkilikti. Meyram qarsanynda, Halyqaralyq әielder kýnining shyghu tarixyna qatysty birneshe anyz-әngimelerge toqtala keteyik.

Alghashqy núsqa: resmi, "Áyelderding qúqyghy ýshin kýresu kýni"

Kenestik kezendegi resmy núsqa boyynsha, 8-nauryzdy toylau 1857 jyly Niu-Yorktaghy qyzmetshi әielderding "bos ydystar sheruimen" tyghyz baylanysty ekenin aitatyn. Olar qolaysyz enbek jaghdaylary men tómengi jalaqy ýshin narazylyq bildirgen. Bir qyzyghy, sol uaqyttaghy basylymdarda kóterilis turaly eshqanday mәlimetter berilmegen. Biraq tariyxshylar búl oqighanyng jeksenbi, 8-nauryz kýni oryn alghanyn anyqtaghan.

1910 jyly Kopengagende ótken әielder forumynda nemis kommunist әiel Klara Setkin býkil әlemdi 8-nauryz kýnin "Halyqaralyq әielder kýni" dep taghayyndaugha ýgittedi. Onyng aitpaghy, dәl osy kýni barlyq әielder kóterilis jasap, sol arqyly qoghamdy óz mәselelerine nazar audarugha shaqyra alady. Alghashynda búl mereke "Halyqaralyq enbekshi әielderding qúqyqtaryn qorghau kýni" bolyp atalsa, 1921 jyldan bastap KSRO-nyng resmy meyramdarynyng qataryna qosyldy.

Ekinshi núsqa: evrey hanshayymyn madaqtau
Tariyxshylar "Klara Setkin nemis otbasynan shyqqan ba, әlde evrey otbasynan ba?" degen súraqtyng naqty jauabyn anyqtay almaghan. Degenmen, onyng evrey últynyng azamatshasy bolghanyn dәleldeytin derekter de bar. Sonymen, ekinshi núsqa Setkindi әielder kýni tarixyn evrey últynyng tarixymen - Purim merekesimen baylanystyrghysy kelgen dep boljaydy.

Anyzgha sýiensek, Persiya biyleushisi Kserksting sýiiktisi Esfir óz siqyrymen evrey xalqyn joyyludan saqtap qalghan eken. Kserks barlyq evreylerdi óltirmekshi bolghanda, Esfir ony evrey xalqyn aman alyp qalugha ghana emes, olardyng barlyq jaularyn, tipti Persiyalyqtardyng ózderin qyryp tastaugha iytermelegen.

Búl oqigha evrey kýntizbesi boyynsha 13-Ard kýni (búl ay aqpannyng sony men nauryzdyng basyna sәikes keledi) oryn alghan. Esfirdi madaqtap, evreyler Purim merekesin toylay bastaghan. Bastapqyda meyramnyng uaqyty auyspaly kelse, 1910 jyly dәl 8-nauryz kýnine sәikes ótkizilgen.

Ýshinshi núsqa, "ejelgi mamandyqtyn" әielderi turaly
Ýshinshi núsqa Halyqaralyq әielder merekesin asygha kýtken әielder qauymy ýshin eng janjaldy boljam boluy mýmkin.

1857 jyly Niu-York әielderi shynymen de narazylyq bildirdi, biraq olar enbekshi әielder emes, "jenil jýristi" әielder bolatyn. "Ejelgi mamandyq" iyeleri óz qyzmetterin paydalanyp, keyin tóleuge aqshasy bolmaghan erkekterden tólemaqy talap etken.

1894 jyly 8-nauryz kýni Parijde kezekti ret "jenil jýristilerdin" kóterilisi bolghan. Búl joly olar óz qúqyqtaryn kiyim tigumen, nan pisirumen, t.b. ainalysatyn enbekshi әieldermen qatar qoidy jәne arnayy kәsipodaqtar qúrudy talap etken. Oqigha 1895 jyly Chikagoda, 1896 jyly Niu-Yorkte, Setkinning osy merekeni Halyqaralyq әielder kýni retinde belgilegen qalasynda jalghasyn tapqan.

Sonymen qatar, dәl 1910 jyly Klara Setkin bir top "jenil jýristi" әielder tobymen "polisiyalar tәrtip búzuyn toqtatsyn" degen talappen kóteriliske shyqqan. Alayda, kenestik núsqada ol "jenil jýristiler" emes "enbekshi әielder" sózimen almastyrylghan.  Sebebi - belgisiz, al aqiqatyn ashayyn degen eshkim joq.

Qoryta aitqanda, "xalyq aitsa, qalyp aitpaydy", "el qúlaghy - elu" demekshi, birneshe últtar arasynda taralyp ketken búl anyzdar 8-nauryz kýnin "Halyqaralyq әielder kýni" dep ataugha esh kedergisin tiygizgen joq. Al ony toylau, әlde toylamau әrkimning óz erkinde. "Áyel" ataulygha syilyq syilap, kónilderin quantu ýshin bir kýnning boluy mindetti emes. Sebebi, әielder әr kýni baqytty bolugha layyqty emes pe?

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