ÝN QOSU

«Jana Qazaqstan» forumynyng bastamasyna oray

Jalghasy. Basy portalymyzda "Biz qazir "quyrshaq" respublika emespiz! Aqtandaqtardyng әdil baghasyn alar kez keldi" jәne Kólgir sayasat tәsilderi eldi nege sonshalyqty ilandyrady? degen taqyryppen jariyalanghan bolatyn.

PREZIYDENTKE AShYQ HAT

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti N.Á. Nazarbaevqa

Asa qadirli Núrsúltan Ábishúly!

Sizge Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy mýshelerining atynan birer tilek aitpaqpyz.  2000 jyly Sizding qabyldauynyzda bolghan Qogham mýshelerining ótinishine oray, 1937–1938 jj. sayasy qughyn-sýrginde atylghandar qúpiya kómilgen oryngha eskerkish  túrghyzugha Óziniz tikeley tapsyrma berip, sol Janalyq eskertkishin ashqanynyzgha biyl, mine, jeti jyl toldy. Janalyqqa Sayasy repressiya qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni Almaty qalasy men Almaty oblysy júrtshylyghynyng ókilderi jyl sayyn kelip taghzym etedi. Osy eskertkish ornaghan jerdegi «Ádilet» qoghamy menshigine berilgen 15 gektar telimdi qaraly-saltanatty ormandy alqapqa – ashyq aspan astyndaghy panteongha ainaldyrudyng mezgili jetken siyaqty. NKVD ghimaratynyng jerasty bóliginde atylyp, deneleri Janalyqta tynshyghan jazyqsyz qúrbandar sany 3 mynnan asady. Onda halyq sharuashylyghynyng әr salasynda enbek etken qarapayym enbek adamdary, sonday-aq Oraz Jandosov, Úzaqbay Qúlymbetov, Oraz Isaev, Temirbek Jýrgenov, Sýleymen Esqaraev, Janaydar Saduaqasov, Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev, Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Qonyrqoja Qojyqov, Sanjar Asfendiarov, Seyitqaly Mendeshev, Qabylbek Sarymoldaev, Qaysar Tәshtitov, Sәken Seyfulliyn, Iliyas Jansýgirov, Beyimbet Mayliyn, Júmat Shaniyn, Rahym Sýgirov, Maghjan Júmabaev, Qúdaybergen Júbanov, Zarap Temirbekov syndy jýzdegen memleket, ghylym, әdebiyet, óner qayratkerleri jatyr. Eskertkishting ainalasyna solardyng esimderin tasqa qashap  estelik-qabyrgha ornatu qajettigi súranyp-aq túr. ALJIR lagerinde jazyqsyz japa shekken 7 mynnan astam jandy (onyng 179-y qazaq әieli, al sottalghandardyng basym kópshiligi Mәskeuden, Leningradtan, Kenes Odaghynyng basqa qalalarynan әkelingender) eske salyp túratyn estelik qabyrghalar tәrizdendirip, Janalyq eskertkishin sýiegi sonda jatqan 3 mynnan astam qazaqstandyq bozdaqtyng aty-jóni tizilgen joqtau taqta-qabyrghalar ornatumen tolyqtyru lәzim. Sonday-aq zerde keshenine kishi arhiytekturalyq formalar – atylghandardyng mýsindik portretterin qoyghan jón bolar edi. Búl sharua Qazaq-Britan uniyversiyteti janyndaghy alleyada tizilgen repressiyalanghan kenestik qayratkerlerding mýsinderin Janalyqqa kóshirumen bastalsa iygi, sol isting jalghasy retinde repressiya qúrbandarynyng úrpaqtary sonda jatqan óz әkelerine eskertkish-mýsin ornatpaq oilaryn «Ádilet» qoghamynyng basqarma mәjilisterinde údayy aityp keledi. Qasiretti 32-jylghy súrapyl ashtyq әkelgen últtyq apatta Almaty kóshelerinde ashtan ólgenderding mәiitterin osy jerdegi Ály jәne Dihanbay auyldarynyng qanyrap bosap qalghan oryndaryna tasyp әkep tógip, jýzin japqany mәlim, sony este tútyp, sonau asharshylyqta kóz júmghan myn-san  qúrban ruhyn úlyqtaytyn belgi qoy da osynau zerde keshenining mazmúnyn asha týseri sózsiz. Kiyeli alqapqa aghash egip, baq otyrghyzugha «Ádilet» qoghamynyng mýsheleri men janashyrlaryna qosa qalyng júrtshylyq atsalysar edi degen oidamyz. Búl kýnderi «Ádilet» qoghamy basqarmasynyng mýsheleri Janalyqta jatqan bozdaqtardyng tolyq tizimin jasau ýstinde. Ony 1996–2004 jyldary shygharylghan «Azaly kitap. Kniga skorbi» jinaqtarynyng ýlgisimen jeke kitap etip shygharu qajet-aq. Bizding búl oi-josparlarymyz Almaty qalasy men Almaty oblysy basshylyghy tarapynan týsinushilik tauyp túr.

Qúrmetti Núrsúltan Ábishúly, osy bayan etip otyrghan niyetimizdi endi Sizding maqúldauynyzdy súraymyz, osynau imandy da abyroyly sharuagha  kýlli júrtshylyq jergilikti biylikting úiymdastyruymen qol ústasyp kirisu ýshin Siz Ózinizding Elbasylyq batanyzdy berseniz eken dep tileymiz. Taghy bir manyzdy mәsele – 2000 jylghy qabyldaudan song Ózinizding tapsyrmanyzben Almatyda ashylghan Sayasy repressiyalar tarihy múrajayyna baylanysty. Qyzmet atqarghan bir jarym jyl ishinde múrajayda myndaghan júrtshylyq ókilderi, shetel delegasiyalary, әsirese oqushylar men student jastar bolyp,  belgili dәrejede tarihpen tәrbiyelenuding ózindik belesinen ótken edi. Alayda múrajay bizge beymәlim sebeppen tez jabylyp qaldy. Múrajayda repressiyalanghandardyng ózderi men úrpaqtary tapsyrghan óte qúndy jәdigerlikter jinaqtalghan bolatyn, qazir solar bir bólmede ýiilip jatqandyqtan, tozyp, ekspozisiyalaugha jaramsyzdanyp ketu qaupi bar. Búl orayda biz Almaty әkimshiligine әldeneshe ret ótinish bildirgen edik, alayda osy mәselening qala biyligi tarapynan eshbir sheshimin tappaytyny maghlúm boldy.

Qúrmetti Núrsúltan Ábishúly, eger múrajaydy búrynghy NKVD ghimaratynda ornalasqan ornyna qaytarugha eshqanday mýmkindik bolmasa, onda ony qaladaghy basqa qoghamdyq ghimarattardyng birine ornalastyrugha, sóitip, elimizding sayasy tarihy múrajayynyng qalyng kópshilikke otanshyldyqty, demokratiya qúndylyqtaryn nasihattau retimen qyzmet ete bastauyna qol úshyn beruinizdi Ózinizden qatty ótinip súraymyz. Jaqynda Qoghamnyng 20 jyldyghyna oray ótkizilgen «Ádilet»   tarihi-aghartu qoghamy: totalitarlyq tarihtan – demokratiyalyq bolashaqqa» ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyasyna qatysushylardyng jәne olardyng ishindegi sayasy qughyn-sýrgin nauqandarynda jazyqsyz jazalanghan belgili qogham qayratkerlerining «Ádilet» qoghamyna mýshe úrpaqtarynyng bir auyzdan bildirgen tilegi osylargha sayady.

Solardyng atynan – qúrmetpen, Beybit Qoyshybaev, «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu  qoghamynyng preziydenti. Almaty, 07 shilde 2009 j.

HALYQTY TARIHPEN TÁRBIYELEU KEREK

Bәri «Memorialdan» bastalghan...

– Biyl «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamynyng qúrylghanyna 20 jyl tolghan eken. Ángimemizdi qoghamnyng qalay qúrylghany jәne onyng uyghyn qadasugha kimderding atsalysqanynan bastasaq...

– Ózderiniz bilesizder, 1986 jylghy oqighadan keyin elimizde kishigirim 37 jyl ornaghanday boldy. Adam týsinip bolmaytyn repressiyalar bastaldy. Búl jaghday 1988 jyly eptep júmsardy. Demokratiyanyng jeli esip, elge erkindik kele bastady. Degenmen Jeltoqsan kóterilisi jabyq taqyryp bolatyn. Biraq ótken tarihymyzgha ýniluge púrsat berildi. 20–30-jyldary sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan qayratkerlerimizding ómir jolyn jazudy sol shaqta bastadyq. Ol kezde «Qazaq әdebiyeti» birden-bir erkin tribuna bolyp túrdy. Basqa gazetter dendep bara bermeytin taqyryptargha «Qazaq әdebiyeti» qaymyqpay qalam tartatyn. Sol kezderi «Liyteraturnaya gazeta» Mәskeude payda bolghan «Memorial» qozghalysy jayynda jariya etti. Qozghalys keshegi stalinizmning qylmystaryn asha otyryp, jazyqsyz qúrbandardy aqtau mәselesin qolgha aldy. Múnday  qadamdar júrttyng kónilinen shyqty, «Memorial» iri qozghalysqa ainaldy. Múny kórip, bizding adamdar da oyandy. Áli esimde, foliklorshy-ghalym Mardan Baydildaev degen aghamyz – kezinde ol kisining әkesi de sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan – bir kýni maghan kelip: «Reseydegi qozghalysty kórip otyrsyn. Búdan bizding de qaluymyzgha bolmaydy. Biz de úiymdastyrayyq. Qazir jer-jerde osy turaly sóz bolyp jatyr» dedi. Sodan kóp uaqyt ótpey jurnalister, jazushylar, kino salasynyng qyzmetkerleri men sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghandardyng úrpaqtary bas qosyp, ýlken jinalys ótkizildi. Kino ýiinde ótken sol jiynda úiymdastyru komiytetin qúryp, basyna Bolat Iliyasúly Jansýgirovty sayladyq. әlsin-әlsin bas qosyp, aldaghy mindetti aiqyndadyq. Biz óz tarapymyzdan: «Ashtyq mәselesin kóteruimiz kerek. Stalinizmning ýlken qylmystarynyng biri – Otyz ekinshi jylghy asharshylyq» dedik. Sóitip keleshek úiymnyng baghdarlamasy men jarghysyn dayynday bastadyq. Sol kezderi oblystardaghy bastamashy toptarmen, Reseydegi «Memorial» qozghalysymen baylanys ornattyq. 1989 jylghy qantarda Mәskeude konferensiya ótip, býkilodaqtyq, keyin halyqaralyq atanghan «Memorial» tarihi-aghartu, qayyrymdylyq jәne qúqyq qorghau qoghamy qúryldy. Oghan ataqty Andrey Dmitriyevich Saharov bastaghan tórt teng tóragha saylandy. Bizden konferensiyagha 30-jyldarghy kórnekti memleket qayratkeri, sayasy repressiya qúrbany  Oraz Jandosovtyng úly Sanjar Jandosov bastaghan top – Sәule Aytmambetova, Mardan Baydildaev, Viktor Snitkovskiy, Armiyal Tasymbekov qatysty. Olar jaqsy әsermen oraldy. Sodan keyin, sәuir aiynyng 14-i kýni Almatyda bizding qúryltayymyz ótti. Sol qúryltayda «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy qúrylyp, onyng tóraghasy etip Sanjar Jandosovty sayladyq. Sanjar Orazúlynyng ol kezde qyzmeti de, bedeli de ýlken edi, iske belsene kiristi, tiyisinshe júmysy da nәtiyjeli boldy. Alghashqy qolgha alynghan sharualardyng biri – qughyn-sýrginge úshyrap, atu jazasyna kesilgen adamdardyng tizimin tabu edi. Aldymen ózimizding elding qauipsizdik komiytetine súrau salyndy. Odan nәtiyje shyqpaghannan keyin, Jandosov Mәskeuge shyghyp, 1990 jyly odaqtyq memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetinen tikeley alghashqy derekter alugha qol jetkizdi. Jogharghy Sottyng Áskery alqasy Qazaqstan boyynsha atu jazasyna kesken adamdardyng tizimining týpnúsqasyn eng aldymen «Ádilet» qoghamyna, kóshirmesin respublikalyq memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetine berdi. Sol kezdegi alghashqy qoghamdyq úiymnyng bedelin kórmeysiz be? Ne kerek, biz kenes odaghy joghary soty әskery kollegiyasynyng ýkimimen «ýlken terror» kezinde atylghan 633 qazaqstandyq qayratkerlerding tizimin aldyq. Keyinnen búl júmystar keneytildi, respublikalyq últtyq qauipsizdik komiytetimen tyghyz baylanys ornattyq. «Ádilet» basshylarynyng biri akademik Múrat Baymahanov bas bolyp sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn aqtau jayyndaghy zang jobasyn jasaghan. Zang qabyldanghannan keyin aqtau júmystary jýrgizildi.   Tarihtyng ashylmaghan qaltarystaryna boyladyq. Jazyqsyz qúrbandardyng «Janalyq» auylynda kómilgen sýiekterin tabu – «Ádilet» júmystarynyng nәtiyjesi.

– «Janalyq» auylynan jazyqsyz jazagha úshyrap, kómip tastalghan adamdardyng mýrdelerin tauyp, arulap jerledinizder. Osy jóninde kenirek aityp ótseniz?

– Almaty oblysynyng «Janalyq» auylyndaghy kóp jyldar boyy belgisiz kýide kómuli jatqan adamdar mýrdesin bizding qoghamnyng belsendileri tapty dep aitugha bolady. Týsinikti bolu ýshin basynan bastap aitayyn. 1990 jylghy kóktemde, «Janalyq» auyly manyndaghy sayajayynda jemis aghashyn otyrghyzu ýshin jer qazyp jýrgeninde, búryn memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetinde qyzmet istegen otstavkadaghy ofiyser kýregimen topyraq arasynan oq tesken adam bassýiegin arshyp alypty. Sodan ol dereu komiytetke, búrynghy bastyghyna, al ol «Ádilet» qoghamynyng tóraghasy Sanjar Jandosovqa qonyrau shalghan. Ne kerek, aqyry arnayy zertteu komissiyasy qúrylyp,  әlgi jerde qazu júmysy jýrgizildi. Ýsh qap adam sýiegi qazyp alynyp, sot-medisinalyq saraptamagha berildi. Kóp úzamay, «Ádiletke» oblystyq prokuratura shygharghan prokuror qorytyndysy keldi. Onda «Janalyq» auyly manyndaghy búl jerde 1937–38 jyldary atylghandar jappay kómilgen dep jazylghan edi. Bastapqyda 1937–1938 jyldary jazyqsyz atylghan adamdar mýrdesi Boraldayda kómilgen dep oilaghanbyz. Alayda keyinnen Últtyq qauipsizdik komiyteti sayasy repressiyalar kezinde Almatyda atylghan barsha azamattardyn, Alash ardaqtylarynyng mýrdelerining «Janalyq» auylyna aparyp tastalghanyn rastady. Keyin bilgenimizdey, ol jerge ýsh jarym mynday atylghan adamnyng kómilip tastalghany anyqtaldy. Onyng bәrining tizimin biz jasadyq. «Azaly kitap» on bir oblys qúrbandary tizimimen segiz tom etip «Ádilet» tarapynan shygharyldy. Qalghan bes oblys onday jinaqty ózderi shyghardy, «Ádilet» qolda bar materialdarymen jәrdemin berdi.  

Evreyler fashizm kezinde qúrban bolghan 6 million evreydi                                               әli kýnge joqtap jýr

– Jalpy, «Janalyqta» qansha adam atylyp, jerlengen eken?            

– «Janalyqta» ýsh jarym mynnan astam atylghandar jatyr. Olar Almatyda, NKVD – Ishki ister halyq komissariaty ghimaraty astyndaghy «tirde» atylyp, týndeletip qala syrtyna tasymaldanyp, qúpiya kómilgender. «Janalyqta» olardan basqa, naqty esebin eshkim bilmeytin myn-san 32-jylghy ashtyq qúrbandary jatyr. Búryn ol jer Ály auyly dep atalghan kórinedi, asharshylyq saldarynan qanyrap bosap qalghan. Qala kóshelerinen jinap alynghan ólikter sonda tasylghan tәrizdi. Odan, qalqighan dualdar qalqasyna 37–38 jyldary atylghandardy әkep kómgen eken.

– HH ghasyr basyndaghy qazaq ziyalylarynan kimderding mýrdesi tabyldy?

– Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Sәken Seyfulliyn, Beyimbet Mayliyn, Iliyas Jansýgirov, Sanjar Asfendiyarov, Oraz Isaev, Temirbek Jýrgenov, Qúdaybergen Júbanov, Rahym Sýgirov, Maghjan Júmabaev, Moldaghaly Joldybaev, Janaydar Saduaqasov, Oraz Jandosov, Hamza Jýsipbekov, Birmúhamed Aybasov sekildi  jýzdegen qazaq ziyalylary osy jerde jatyr. Ol jerge eskertkish ornatamyz degen tas 1993 jyly qoyylyp edi. Osy rette aita ketu kerek, «Ádilet» qoghamynyng belsendileri 2000 jyly Elbasy qabyldauynda bolyp tiyisti ótinish bildirgen. Soghan sәikes, Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng tikeley tapsyrmasynan keyin, «Janalyq» auylynda jazyqsyz qúrban bolghan jandargha arnap 2002 jyly ýlken eskertkish túrghyzyldy. Eskertkishti Preziydent Nazarbaevtyng ózi kelip ashty. Ol jer býginde júrt qaster tútatyn kiyeli oryndardyng birine ainalyp keledi. Bizding oiymyz – búl jerdi el qadirleytin, keleshek úrpaqty qaraly tarihpen tәrbiyeleytin, jastargha elimiz bastan keshken qiyn-qystau kezenderdi úghyndyryp, olardy demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtardy meylinshe baghalay biluge baulityn, ótken jolymyzgha qúrmetpen qaraytynday tarihy oryngha ainaldyru. Qazir múnda «Ádilet» qaramaghyna berilgen 15 gektarday jer bar. Sony jergilikti biyliktin, qalyng júrtshylyqtyng atsalysuymen ýlken baqqa ainaldyrsaq, eng bastysy, «Janalyqta» jerlengen ýsh jarym mynnan astam adamnyng barlyghynyng esimderi qashalghan eskertkish taqtalar, asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske salyp túratyn belgiler ornatylsa, sauapty is bolar edi dep oilaymyn. Múny Almaty qalasynyng da, Almaty oblysynyng da basshylary óte týsinistikpen qabyldap, qoldap otyr.

– Alda qanday josparlarynyz bar?

– Jospardyng ýlkeni – kezinde Núrsúltan Ábishúlynyng qamqorlyghymen ashylyp, bir jarym jyldan keyin jabylyp qalghan sayasy qughyn-sýrgin tarihy múrajayynyng qayta ashyluyna qol jetkizu. Biz múnda bir ýlken qiyndyq baryn týsinemiz.  Qalanyng búrynghy basshysyna onyng bir jurnalistermen kezdesuinde men súraq qoyghan edim, tәrbie júmysynda manyzy zor repressiya múrajayy, elimizding sayasy tarihy múrajayy nelikten jabyldy dep. Sonda ol búrynghy NKVD ghimaratynyng qala balansynda bolmaghanyn, ony qojayyndyq etetin ministrlikting jeke qolgha satyp jibergenin aitty. Ghimarattyng jeke qolgha satylghanyn, sondyqtan búl orayda esh jәrdem bere almaytyndaryn qalanyng býgingi basshylyghy da aityp otyr. Búl, ras, tek jogharghy biylik tarapynan ghana sheshilui yqtimal sharua siyaqty. Degenmen, sayasy repressiyalar múrajayynyng keleshek úrpaqqa, últqa kerektigine ghimaratty satyp alghandar da oy jýgirter dep senging keledi. Ne ýshin kerek? Keshegi qaraly kýnderdi úmytpas ýshin. Múnday kýnder endi qaytalanbas ýshin. Evreylerde «Yad va Shem» atty múrajay bar. Qazaqshalasaq, «Jad jәne Esim». Sol múrajaygha kirip-shyqsang – fashizmdi jek kórmeuing mýmkin emes desedi. Fashizm kezinde opat bolghan alty million qandasyn olar sonday jolmen joqtap jýr. Bizding de aityp jýrgen iydeyamyz osy ejettes. Eger shejireshiler qazaqtyng jasandy asharshylyqtarda ýzilgen bútaqtaryn týgendese, jer-jerdegi ólketanu múrajaylarynda sonday imandy sharalar jasaugha bolar edi. Sonda demokratiyanyng manyzyn terenirek týsiner edik. Qazir qalada beyit ýstine ýy salyp alghandar jetip artylady. Beyit ýstine beyish ornatyp otyrghan jandardy qalay týsinuge bolady?  Bir kezdegi yrymshyl qazaq qazir múndaygha mәn bermeytin boldy. Biz osy mәseleni kóterip jýrgende Almaty oblysynda bir kәsipker ashtyq jyldary ólgen internat balalary jerlengen jerge óz qarjysyna tas-belgi qoyghyzdy. Mine, imandy sharua. Osynday sharany jer-jerde isteu kerek. Bizde bylay ghoy. Soghys ardagerlerin tek Jenis kýni jaqyndaghanda izdey bastaymyz. 31 mamyr – Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni. Búl da solay. Osy uaqytta ghana olardy eske alamyz. Al asharshylyqtar qúrbandaryn eske alu sol kýnning tasasynda qalyp kele jatqanday. Bәrin de basqa uaqytta esten shygharamyz. Búl dúrys pa? Meninshe, tek 31 mamyr kýni ghana emes, biz sayasy qughyn-sýrginderdin, kóshpendilerdi ýsh dýrkin qyrghan ashtyqtyng – últtyq apattyng qúrbandaryn údayy eske alyp otyrugha tiyispiz. Jyl sayynghy 31 mamyr – Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni óz aldyna, sonyng qarsanyndaghy júmada meshitterde, shirkeulerde, ózge de ghibadathanalarda asharshylyq qqrbandaryna arnap dúgha baghyshtaudy dәstýrge ainaldyrsaq, núr ýstine núr bolar edi dep oilaymyn. Biz olardy joqtay aluymyz kerek. Olardy joqtay alu arqyly biz bolashaghymyzgha dúrys qaraytyn bolamyz. Bizding halqymyzdyng birligi berik deymiz. Qazaqtyng qayghyly tarihyn barsha qazaqstandyqqa bilgizsek – sol birligimizdi tek nyghayta týsemiz. Halyq qazaq tarihyn bilu kerek jәne oghan qúrmetpen qarauy lәzim. Halyqty tarihpen tәrbiyeleu qajet. Aldaghy josparlardyng biri – stalinizmdi әshkereleudi kózdeytin ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiya ótkizu. Múndaghy oiymyz – keshegi totalitarlyq kezendegi qiyndyqtardyng barlyghyn halyqqa týsindiru. Qogham janynan merzimdi basylym ashu da oida, qarajatqa tireletindikten, osy uaqytqa deyin shyghara almadyq. Býkil halyq bolyp atqarugha tiyis sharuamyzdy – «Ádilet» qoghamy: totalitarlyq tarihtan – demokratiyalyq bolashaqqa» degen taqyryppen Qoghamnyng 20 jyldyghyna oray ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiya ótkizip,  júrtshylyqqa qabyldaghan Ýndeuimizde tújyrymdadyq.

– Ángimenizge rahmet.

Ángimelesken Azamat Qasym. 22 mausym 2009 j.

TARIHPEN TÁRBIYELEU – ESKIRMEYTIN TALAP

Kenester Odaghyn «soqamen qabyldap alyp, atom bombasymen qaldyrghan» Iosif Vissarionúly Stalinning tughanyna 130 jyl toluyna oraylastyrylatyn «Stalinizm tarihy: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» atty ghylymy konferensiyany «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy elimizdegi barlyq mýddeli úiymdarmen birlesip ótkizudi jobalauda. Múnday is-shara qalyng el-júrt bastan keshken qayghyly kezenderdi terenirek týsine otyryp, halqymyzdyng – qazaqtyng ózin bylay qoyghanda,  qazaq tóniregine toptasqan týrli últ ókilderining – birligin nyghayta jәne arttyra týsuge septesetin bolady. Stalindik-bolisheviktik rejimning halyq ensesin basyp kelgeni mәlim. Bertingi iygilikterge biz últtyng qorlyq kórui men qinalystary, qily azap sheguleri arqyly jettik. Stalinizm dәuirindegi eren qasiret pen kýreske toly kezendi Jambyl oblysyndaghy Sarysu audanynyng halqy da bastan keshken edi. Taghdyry taghylymdy osy audandyq әkimshilik birlik – stalinizm jyldary túrpayy taptyq sayasattyng zardabyn meylinshe tartqan, qayghyly sayasy repressiyagha úshyraghan Qazaq elining kelbetin óte anyq elestetetin naqty da kórneki mysal bolyp tabylady. Sonymen birge, ókinishtisi, qazirgi demokratiyashyl kenqoltyq zamannyng ózinde osy audangha baylanysty keybir tar rushyldyq túrghydaghy iritki salushylyq ta әlsin-әlsin kórinis berip jýr. Sondyqtan, sholaq pishiletin tayyz payym bitkenning aldyn alu orayynda da,  kópke beymәlimdeu tariyhqa ereksheleu nazar audarghan dúrys tәrizdi.

Jaqynda respublikalyq gazetterding birinde Sarysu audanynyng atalymyna bir jurnalisting ru mýddesi túrghysynan kelispeushilik bildirip, atyn ózgertudi úsynghan maqalasy jaryq kórdi. Oghan toqsandy alqymdaghan qart jazushy Dulat Shalqarbaev baysaldy jauap berip te ýlgerdi. Ol «belgili memleket jәne qogham qayratkerleri Janaydar Saduaqasov pen Oraz Jandosov basqarghan qútqarushy top asharshylyqqa úshyraghan sarysulyqtardyng on auyldyq kenesine Talas audanyna qaraytyn ýsh auyldyq kenesti qosyp, Sarysu atymen Qaratau ónirine ornyqtyrghanyn»  eske saldy. Sol shaqta da, keyinirek te – Hrushev dәuirinde bes jylday Talas audanyna biriktirilip, odan qayta otau tikkeninde – audannyng atyn ózgerteyik deuge eshkimning auzy barmaghanyn, óitkeni olardyng «eldi, jerdi, aruaqty syilaghannan», audan atauy «qughyn-sýrginmen ótken ýsh ruly elding eskertkishi ekenin týsingennen» solay etkenderin aitty. Audan enbek ardagerlerining Ermekbay Aqylbekov, Túrsynbek Ysqaqov, Qabyl Ybyjanov, Ánuar Saduaqasov, Tóken Omarbekov, Altyn Dosjanova, Qystaubay Áliyev bastaghan ýlken toby Elbasynyn: «Qazaqstannyng tәuelsizdigining bolashaghy ýshin, ósip-órkendeu ýshin Qazaqtyng – Ózimizding últtyng birligi kerek», – degen sózin tereng týsinuge shaqyryp ashyq hat jazypty. Aqsaqaldar «el arasyn alshaqtatqan astarly maqalada» jurnalisting  «rular arasyna arsyz shy jýgirtken» moralidyq beynesine tanyrqap, onyng «Ru men Búrudy» kónirsitken, «alynbas qamalgha qanghyryp kelip tiygen jebening synyghynday bolghan sypsyny el-júrtty oigha qaldyrghanyn» aityp qynjylypty. «Seksen jyldan beri qúda-qúdandal bolyp, aghayynday aralasyp, bitisip ketken» at tóbelindey az júrtty «ata-atagha bólshektep» irituge tyrysu bir búl emestigin, әldebir óresiz jurnalisting «Arqadaghy ózen Qarataudaghy audangha nege kerek?» degen uәjben, audannyng atyn ózgertudi búdan toghyz jyl búryn gazette, endi bireui beride bedeldi basshy aldynda kóterip eldi dýrliktirgenin renishpen eske alghan da, «san ghasyrdan beri әreng qolymyz jetken tәuelsizdigimizdi» shyndap bayandy etuding jón jolyn núsqaghan eken...

Búl jәit «Ádilet» iydeyalarynyng manyzy joghalmaghanyn, azamattardy tarihpen tәrbiyeleu júmysyn esh toqtatugha bolmaytynyn, sol orayda aldaghy aida ótkizudi josparlap otyrghan konferensiya  taqyrybynyng ózektiligin kórsetedi...

Kóshpendilik

Sarysu audanynyng qúrylghanyna seksen jyldan asyp barady. Audan Saryarqa tósinde Sarysu ózeni alqabyn jaylap, nu qamysty Shu ózeni alqabyn qystap jýrgen  kóshpendi bolystardan úiystyrylghan edi. Derbes әkimshilik birlik bolyp qúrylghan bette-aq onyng dәstýrli ekonomikasy túralatyldy. Júrttyng tútqa kóretin aeamattary sayasy aiyptar taghylyp, jazyqsyz jazalandy. Qarjymen qamtamasyz etilmegen otyryqshylandyru sharasyn qaytkende jýzege asyrmaqqa kýsh qoldanyldy. Kәmpeske, újymdastyru syndy nauqandardy narazylyq belgilerin basyp-janshumen qatar jýrgizdi. Aynalyp kelgende, aldy-arty oilastyrylmaghan berekesiz reformany kýittegen solaqay sayasat jana audannyng halqyn zor kýizeliske úshyratty.  Kýnkóris kózinsiz qalghan el-júrt asharshylyqqa úshyrap, Otyz ekinshi jylghy Últtyq apatty bastan keshti. Týgelge juyq qyrylyp qaludyng az-aq aldynda qaldy. Qysy-jazy kiyiz ýide túryp, mal baghumen kýneltetin búl el qúlazyghan jalpaq Betpaqdalany mal-janymen jylyna eki mәrte basyp ótip, kóktemde Sarysugha, kýzde Shugha qaray kóship jýretin. Osynday jaghday revolusiyanyng alghashqy jyldary da ózgerissiz saqtalghan-dy. Kenes ókimeti ornap, kenestik avtonomiyalar shanyraq kótergen tústa olar obektivti týrde eki respublikada kezek-kezek túryp, kóshpendilik túrmys salty ynghayymen, jaz ailaryn – Qazaq Respublikasynyng Aqmola oblysy, qys ailaryn – Týrkistan Respublikasynyng Syrdariya oblysy shekterinde ótkizetin.

Alayda, әkimshilik bólinis pen baghynys túrghysynan, múnday ahual halyqqa da, biylikke de  edәuir qolaysyzdyq tughyzatyn-dy... Shu boyyna qystaugha kelgen auyldarda, 1922 jyldyng sonyna qaray, júrtshylyqtyng Týrkistan Respublikasy qúzyryna ótuge tilek bildirgen jinalystary ótip jatty. Jinalystargha Syrdariya oblatkomynyng mandatymen Qazaq Respublikasynyng Týrkrespublikadaghy Syrdariya jәne Jetisu oblystary boyynsha ókili Dinmúhamed (Dinshe, Múqysh) Ádilov qatysyp, júrtshylyqtyng qabyldaghan qaulylaryn (prigovorlaryn) jinastyryp alyp jýrgen. Sol shamada Aqmola ýiezdik atqaru komiyteti atynan qaruly top qúryp kelgen «ókilder» Shudaghy el ishinde qys  bastalghaly túryp kele jatqany, olardyng salyq jinau jeleuimen el-júrtty tonap, qorqytyp, jyn-oynaqtaryna auyldardan qyz-kelinshekter aldyrtqan beybastaqtyqtary belgili bolady... «Ókilder» tobyn Bayseyit pen Múqysh Ádilovter audandyq milisiya bastyghymen, ózge de azamattarmen birlese qimyldap qarusyzdandyrady. Sol kezgi revolusiyalyq ahualgha sәikes, halyq ýkimin shyghartyp, basshylaryn atqyzady. Artynsha Aqmola jәne Áulieata ýiezdik atkomdaryna tiyisti bayanhattar beredi. Sóitip, kóshpendi shanyraqtardyng birqataryn Talas boyyna, Biylikól, Sorbúlaq, Sozaq aimaqtaryna qonystandyrumen shúghyldanady. Biraz júrt Shu boyynda qalady.

Kenes ókimetining abyroyyn týsirgen qyzmetkerlerdi jazalaudaghy Ádilovterding is-әreketin Týrkistan Respublikasy ýkimetining tóraghasy Túrar Rysqúlov maqúldaydy.  Alayda Qazaq Respublikasy Ishki ister halkomaty Bas milisiya basqarmasynyng bastyghy Dýisebay Nysanbaev «aghayyndy Ádilovter salyq jinaugha qarsylyq úiymdastyrdy» degen jeleumen 1923-24 jyldary týrli týsinikter jinap, aiyptau materialdaryn Qazatkomgha úsynady. Jalpy, Bayseyit pen Múqyshty isti qyludyng týrli amalyn  qarastyrady. Mәsele Orta Aziyadaghy últtyq mejeleu nәtiyjesinde qazaq jer-suy biriktirilgennen keyingi sayasy jaghdayda tipti órshitilip, әigili «Alash isine» úlastyrylady...

Apat kezenderi

Sarysu audany 1928 jylghy qyrkýiekte qúryldy. Búl kezde audanda tirkelgen kóshpendiler qolynda bir millionnan astam qoy, jiyrma mynday týie-jylqy bolatyn. Jekelegen baylardyng úsaq túyaghy 10-15 mynday, iri qarasy ýsh mynday edi. Kóshpendilikpen   ómir sýru saltynyng talabyna sәikes, údayy qonys pen jayylym auystyryp kóship-qonyp otyruyna qajet bolghandyqtan, әr qojalyq kemi tórt-bes týie, bes-alty jylqy ústaytyn-dy. Taqyr kedeyler siyrek, tipti joqtyng qasy edi, óitkeni birli-jarym jarly әdette dәuletti aghayyndarynyng qyzmetinde jýrip, joqshylyq kórmeytin. Búl barsha kóshpendi jәne jartylay kóshpendilerge negizinen ortaq qúbylys-ty. Alayda, 1925 jyly eldi basqarugha ortalyq emissary Filipp Goloshekin kelgennen keyin, taptyq iydeologiya qoldan órshitildi. Áygili «Kishi Qazan revolusiyasynyn» múratyna sәikes, aghayyndardyng ara-jigin bay jәne kedey dep jauyqtyra bólu maqsatymen, auyl-auylda qoghamdy eki jaryp, júldyzy jaraspas qarsy taptargha asha týsetin syna qaghyldy. 1928 jylghy qyrkýiekte Sarysu audanyndaghy segiz iri baydyng mal-mýlki tәrkilenip, ózderi jer audaryldy. Odan keyingi jyldary ortasha baylar men orta sharualar malyn yqshamday týsu maqsat etildi:  et dayyndaudyng «Nyq plan» degen atpen nobaylanyp, «Asyra silteu bolmasyn, asha túyaq qalmasyn!» degen әsireqyzyl úranmen el sanasynda óshpestey jazylyp qalghan sholaq belsendilik nauqany on bes ay boyy jýrgizildi.

Azyn-aulaq egin 1931–1932 jyldarghy qúraqshylyq saldarynan ónim bermedi, jayylymdyq nasharlay týsti. Onyng ýstine, kenestik-bolisheviktik biylik «ru jigin joyamyz» degen jana úranmen auyldardy bir-birimen miday aralastyryp, auyldyq kenesterge janasha qúramda biriktirdi. Qiiyn qashyra aiyryp-qosyp, shym-shytyryghyn shyghardy. Sharua jaghdayyna baylanysty búrynnan birneshe qúdyqqa bólinip qauymdasqan aghayyndardy endi bir-birinen eriksiz bólinip ketuge mәjbýr etti. Búghan narazy bolghan auyl adamdarynyng aryz-shaghymyn jergilikti ókimet tyndamady. Odan júrttyng malyn sipyryp alyp, újymdastyru sharalaryn jýrgizdi, artelider qúrdy. Túraqty ýi-jay salugha qajet qarjy-qarajatpen, qúrylys materialdarymen qamtamasyz etpey-aq, otyryqshy bolugha әmir etti. Ádettegi kóshi-qonyna tyiym saldy. Sonda ýirenshikti kýnkóris tәsilinen aiyrylghandardyng shamasy jetkeni jan-jaqqa bosyp kóship ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Auyldardyng kóbi eski әdetimen Shugha qaray qozghaldy. Olardyng sondarynan audandyq GPU men milisiya jasaqtary týsti. Qasha kóshken eldi arttarynan quyp baryp, qorqytty, týrli sayasy kinә artyp, zәbir kórsetti. Qoldarynda qalghan azyn-aulaq maldaryn tartyp alyp, ózderin qamaugha deyin bardy.

Maldan aiyrylyp, panalar búrysh tappay qalghan kóshpendilerdi ashtyq jaylady. Birli-jarym kóligi barlar kýsh biriktirip, týndeletip, jasyryn qasha bastady. Saryarqada    setiney bastaghan kóshpendiler endi Betpaqdala ýstinde, úzaq joldyng boyynda qyryldy. Birin-biri jetelep, balalaryn arqalap, jayau-jalpylap kele jatqan ash-jalanashtardyng kóbi mejeli jerine jete almay, ashtan óldi. Kóbining ýi-mýlikteri, tósek-oryndary, kiyim-keshekteri Betpakdalada, Shu ónirinde qalyp qoydy. Ashyqqandyqtan  qaraqshylyq kәsipke týskendar as-auqaty bar bosqyndargha shabuyl jasap, kýsh-kóligin, maldaryn tartyp alyp jýrdi. Jol-jónekey jalghyz-jarym bólinip qalghan bala-shaghany úrlap әketip, pisirip jeuge deyingi masqaralyqqa da bardy.

Tәrkileu men újymdastyru aldynda respublikadaghy qazaqtar sany tórt millionnan astam-dy, al olardyng aldaryndaghy malynyng mólsheri 40 millionnan asatyn. Qazaqiyada jappay asharshylyq jasap, halyqty últtyq apatqa úryndyrghan sayasy nauqandardan song – eldegi qazaq sany eki ese, onyng qolyndaghy malynyng basy 8 esege deyin kemip ketti. Al otyz alty mynday jany bolghan Sarysu audanynda jiyrma tórt myng adam ashtyq qúrbanyna ainaldy. Halyqtyng ýshten biri ghana jana qonysqa tiri jetti, olardyng qolynda týlik qalmady dese de bolady. Sodan, «32-jyl» degen qandy jazu júrt sanasyna mәngi óshpestey bop jazyldy.   

Repressiyalar

Bolishevizm ózining ozyq reforma sanatynda dәriptegen әleumettik-ekonomikalyq esengiretu sharalarynyng qayghyly saldaryn «halyq jaularyna» japty. Bayseyit jәne Múqysh Ádilovter endi 1922 jyldan beri tis qayrap jýrgen jauapty qyzmetkerler tarapynan Sarysu audanynda «tәrkileu nauqanyna qarsylyq úiymdastyrdy» dep aiyptaldy. «Tәrkileu nauqanyna qarsylyq úiymdastyrushylardy» tútqyndau ýshin Shymkentten Qaratau qoynauyna 1928 jylghy jeltoqsanda qaruly jasaqtar attandyryldy. Bayseyit oqqa úshty, al týnegen ýii qorshaugha alynyp, eskertpe retinde oq atyla bastaghan sәtte – Múqysh (Dinmúhamed, Dinshe) berildi. Dinshe Ádilov –  1917 jyly Ombyda Álihan Bókeyhanov qatysqan jinalysta Alash partiyasynyng Aqmola oblystyq komiyteti mýsheligine saylanghan últ qayratkeri, 1918 jyly Qiyr Shyghysta Qyzyl gvardiya qatarynda shayqasqan, 1920 jyly Almatyda Jetisu oblystyq oqu bólimining mengerushisi bolghan, sol jyly kýzdegi Qazaqstan Kenesterining I sezinde Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining – Qazatkomnyng mýshesi bolyp saylanghan, respublika Ishki ister halyq komissarynyng orynbasary, birer uaqyt mindetin atqarushy bolyp istegen memleket qayratkeri, 1921 jyly Keneske qarsy Orta Aziyada jýrgizilgen astyrtyn qyzmetke qatysyp qaytqan tәuelsizdik kýreskeri, 1925-26 jyldary Últ teatrynyng túnghysh diyrektory (bas rejisseri, kórkemdik jetekshisi) retinde býgingi M.Áuezov atyndaghy Qazaq akademiyalyq drama teatrynyng shanyraghyn alghash kótergen mәdeniyet qayratkeri edi. Osy azamatpen әldebir baylanysta boldy-au, audandaghy segiz iri baydy tәrkileuge әldeqanday narazylyq belgilerin bildirdi-au degenderding bәri 1929 jyldyng ortasyna deyin qamaugha alyndy.

Kenes Odaghy Birikken Sayasy Bas basqarmasynyng (OGPU) Shyghys bólimining 2-bólimshesi bastyghynyng kómekshisi Pavlov Mәskeude 1930 jylghy 12 nauryzda Ahmet Baytúrsynov, Mirjaqyp Dulatov,  Dinmúhamed Ádilovpen birge barlyghy 44 adamgha aiyp taqqan 78754-is («Alash isi») boyynsha aiyptau qorytyndysyn jasady. Shyghys bólimining bastyghy Diyakov bekitken osynau aiyptau qorytyndysynda «Ádilovting bandasy» degen arnayy tarau bar. Onda alashordashylardyng basshylary «shalghaydaghy Sarysu audanynda túrghan Ádilovting bandasyna» da «ýlken ýmit artqany» atap kórsetilgen. Sarysudyng 18 tumasy, olardyng altauy aghayyndy Ádilovter,  Mәskeudegi Butyri týrmesinde Ahan, Jahang bastaghan 44 alashordashy qataryndaghy «banditter» retinde isti bolyp jatqanda, kýlli Qazaqstan aimaqtarynda orasholaq reformagha qarsy qaruly bas kóteruler oryn aldy. Irgeles Sozaq pen Sarysu audandarynyng azamattary da kóterildi. Kóterilisterding barshasy ayausyz basyp-janshyldy. Jazalau operasiyalarynda jýzdegen jan oqqa úshty. Qatysqandar sotqa tartyldy. Kóbi týrli merzimge kesildi, aidalyp ketti, edәuir bóligi atyldy. Tek Sarysu kóterilisine qatysty degen aiyppen 1930 jyly 25 adamgha atu jazasy berilgen.

Júrt reforma talaptaryna beyimdelip, tirshilik birtindep qalypqa týse bastaghanda, «ýlken terror» dauyly soqty. Respublikada jýz jiyrma mynday jan repressiyalanyp, jiyrma bes mynday adam oqqa baylanghany mәlim. Solardyng qatarynda jýz qaraly sarysulyq qughyn-sýrginge úshyratyldy, olardyng kópshiligi atyldy, talayy lagerilerde qúldarsha enbek etip, kazarmalyq sosializm kórigin qyzdyrdy. «Aspannan týsken jasyn-dy, Jasyngha tiktim basymdy. Tenizden marjan sýzgendey, Terip bir aldy-au asyldy! Qaptay da kóshken qauymnyn, Qorymy qaldy-au, o, jalghan! Ardaghy ketip auyldyn, Tobyry qaldy-au, o, jalghan!» – 32–33-jyldarghy alapat ashtyq pen 37–38-jyldarghy «halyq jaularyn әshkereleu» nauqany qúrbandaryna kezinde osynday zarly joqtau shygharylghan eken.

Qúrbandardy eske alu

Joqtaular ýreyli ahualda, onashada aityldy. Ashyq joqtalghandar
da jetkilikti-tin – olar ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys qúrbandary edi. Sarysulyqtar maydangha er-azamattaryn týgelge juyq attandyrdy. Olardyng ishinde 2421 adam úrys dalalarynda opat boldy (derek tolyq emes). Ýsh sarysulyq – Bergen Isahanov, Qazbek Núrjanov, Amantay Dәuletbekov Kenes Odaghynyng Batyry atandy, 280 jaudyng kózin joyghan, Neveli qalasy ýshin bolghan shayqasta Mәnshýkpen bir kýnde, bir shepte mert bolghan ataqty mergen Ybyrayym Sýleymenovti sarysulyqgar óz aralarynan shyqqan tórtinshi Batyr dep biledi. Kóptegen sarysulyq maydanger jauyngerlik orden-medalidarmen marapattaldy, ondaghan azamat fashistermen ofiyser dәrejesinde shayqasty. Olardyng ishinde audan shegine aman oralyp, el basqaru isine aralasqandar, belgili qayratker dengeyine kóterilgender de barshylyq. Múnyng bәri jappay jәne oryndy týrde maqtanysh etildi. Tek qayghyly shejire kópke beymәlim qala berdi, ol kózi ashyq azamattardy ghana ishtey tolghantty. Jazushy Pernebay Dýisenbinning aituyna qaraghanda,  1967 jyly Sarysu audanynyng basshysy Úzaqbay Syzdyqbaev jergilikti jurnalist-jazushy, aqyn Dulat Shalqarbaevty shaqyryp alyp, «kóne kóz aqsaqaldar bar kezde, olardyng keshegi qaraly kezeng jayyndaghy estelikterin qaghazgha týsirip alugha» tapsyrma beripti. Este qalghan derekterdi jinastyru isin audandyq ólketanu múrajayyn úiymdastyrushy qart jurnalist Tóken Maqashev ta sol shaqtan bastasa kerek. Biraq totalitarizm olardyng adymyn ashtyra qoymaghan tәrizdi. Sol kisilerding materialdary negizinde Pernebay tәuelsizdik jyldary «Shejireli Sarysu», «Sarysunama» atty mazmúndy jinaqtar shyghardy.

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Totalitarlyq biylik kezinde janghyz sarysulyqtar emes, jalpy  halyq júmghan auzyn ashpay kelgen. Qayta qúru sayasaty túsynda ghana júrt qasiretti tarihyn ashyq qayta qaray bastady. Tәuelsizdikting tabaldyryghynda Jogharghy Kenes ashtyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýnin belgiledi, alayda ol belgili sebepterge baylanysty eshqashan óz dәrejesinde atap ótilgen emes. Shyntuaytqa kelgende, ashy da qasiretti tarihty júrt sanasynda janghyrtyp, barsha halyqty tek sol shynshyl tarihpen tәrbiyeleu arqyly ghana  elimizdegi naghyz tatulyq pen birliktin, últtyq damu men jarqyn bolashaqtyng bekem negizin qalaugha bolar edi. Osynday oigha bekem «Ádilet» qoghamy totalitarlyq stalindik rejimning qatygez is-әreketteri men sayasaty saldarynan oryn alghan tragediyany úmyt qaldyrugha bolmaydy dep sanaydy. Qasiretti ótken shaq qazirgi jәne bolashaq úrpaqqa әrdayym demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtardy, adam qúqtaryn jәne zandylyqty saqtau maqsatyndaghy eskertpe bop túrugha tiyis. Tarihtyng osynau últtyq apat bederlengen betterinen bolashaq úrpaq taghylymdy sabaq alu ýshin, úsaq rushyldyqqa úrynbay, últtyq tútastyq qadirin týisinu ýshin, kýlli qazaqstandyq halyqty bir maqsatqa úiystyra alu ýshin – ony aghartushylyq jәne ghylymiy-zertteushilik baghdarlamalargha engizu qajet. Biz ótkizudi qolgha alyp otyrghan «Stalinizm tarihy: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» atty bolashaq ghylymy konferensiya sonday iygi sharuagha riyasyz qyzmet etedi degen senimdemiz.

9 qarasha 2009 j.

STALINIZM: REPRESSIYaLANGhAN QAZAQSTAN

Baspasóz ýshin habarlama– Press-reliyz

Barlyq BAQ ókilderi shaqyrylady! Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihiy-zertteu qoghamy,   QR Ortalyq memlekettik múraghaty, Kinofotodoqújattar jәne dybys jazbalar OM múraghaty,  «Alash» tarihiy-zertteu ortalyghy, Qazaqstan tarihshylarynyng qauymdastyghy jәne A.Sәrsenbaev atyndaghy qoghamdyq qor HH ghasyrdyng 20–50-jj. oryn alghan solaqay sayasat qasiretterin qarastyratyn «Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiya ótkizedi. Kenes ókimeti túsynda kóshpendi qazaq halqy ýsh dýrkin jasandy asharshylyqty bastan keship, búryn-sondy bolmaghan últtyq apatqa úryndy: 1917–1919, 1921–1923, 1931–1933 jj. jalpy adam shyghyny 4 mln., yqtimal tabighy ósimdi eseptegende 10 mln. jannan asty. Stalinizm dәuirlegen jyldary san myng jan jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady: jeke basqa tabynu әshkerelengennen beri 340 mynnan astam azamat aqtaldy. Konferensiyada ghalymdar, zertteushiler, mamandar Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasyn temir qúrsauyna alghan stalinizmning kezenderin, sebep-saldarlaryn, qúbylys retindegi tabighatyn, onyng óndiristik, qoghamdyq, mәdeny ómirge әserin ashyp, sayasy repressiyalar men olardyng qúqyqtyq qyrlary, újymdastyru, asharshylyq, deportasiya, sottalghandardy enbekpen týzeu lagerileri jayyndaghy tyng zertteuler men oi-pikirlerdi ortagha salady. Stalinizm  jayynda arnayy dóngelek stolda zamandastar pikir alysady. Konferensiya júmysynyng qorytyndysy retinde júrtshylyqqa ýndeu qabyldanady.

Kirispe sóz – Vstupiytelinoe slovo

Qadirmendi halayyq, qymbatty dostar, damy y gospoda! Biz el tarihynyng qayghyly betterin eshteneden seskenbey eske alyp,  ashyq aita bastaghaly, mine, jiyrma jyldan asty. Kenestik kezende biz kóp jetistikke qol jetkizdik, jappay sauattandyq, órkeniyetke iyek arttyq. Sol dәuirdegi, iydeologiyalyq shekteui mol bolsa da, qazaq atymen janghyrtylghan kenestik memlekettigimizding arqasynda – 1991 jyly memlekettik tәuelsizdikke ie boldyq. Alayda, ótkendegi solaqay sayasat, qily búrmalaular men olardyng zardaby auyr saldarlaryn iri jetistikter tasasyna jasyrugha, tarih kýresinine  laqtyryp tastaugha bolmaydy. Olar úmytylugha tiyis emes, úmytylmaydy da. Ony ne doljny byti predany zabvenii, potomu chto pamyati o nasionalinyh tragediyah tak je svyashenna, kak pamyati o pobedah. My s vamy sobralisi v god prazdovaniya 65-letiya Velikoy Pobedy nad fashizmom. Pochty odnu chetvertuy chasti svoey chislennosty kazahskiy narod otpravil na voynu y try chetverty iz niyh, srajayasi za Rodinu, za Stalina, ostalisi na pole brani. My pomnim y gordimsya podvigamy naroda, otdavshego jizni mnogih svoih synov y docherey za Otechestvo y oderjavshego geroicheskui pobedu. No takje my doljny pomniti te predvoennye dva desyatiyletiya, na protyajeniy kotoryh unichtojalisi selye sloy y sosloviya naroda, iymelo mesto po suty vymiranie  kazahov, podverglisi politicheskim presledovaniyam rabotniky vseh sfer narodnogo hozyaystva, intelliygensiya, duhovnye slujiyteli. Nesmotrya na to, chto proshlo s teh por mnogo vremeni, priynesshie ogromnye uspehy v ekonomiyke, nauchnoy y kuliturnoy jizny strany, ne utihaet narodnaya boli. Massovye politicheskie repressiy y golodomor navsegda ostalisi v pamyati. Ony y segodnya yarko krovotochat siframi, simvoliziruishimy samye tragicheskie stranisy nashey istorii: «32» y «37». Y golodu, y repressiyam net opravdaniya. Ibo nichto ne mojet stavitisya vyshe chelovecheskoy jizni. Kak izvestno, vskore posle ustanovleniya sovetskoy vlasti, bolisheviky presledovaly svoih politicheskih opponentov, y klassovyh protivnikov, y uchastnikov nasionalino-osvobodiytelinyh dviyjeniy, y partiyno-sovetskih rabotnikov, iymevshih svoy prinsipialinye pozisiy v razvitiy strany, respubliki.

Eshe vesnoy 1918 goda, komissar po delam nasionalinostey Staliyn,  prodemonstriroval dvulikosti v otnosheniy nasionalinogo stroiytelistva: on vmeste s Leninym prinyal delegasii «Alash-Ordy» vo glave s chlenom Narodnogo Soveta «Alash-Ordy» Djanshy Dosmuhamedova, odobril deyatelinosti avtonomnogo praviytelistva, no za ih spinoy prizval narod osvoboditisya cherez Sovety «ot svoih ugnetateley tipa dosmuhamedovyh». Zatem, stav gensekom, Stalin provel ryad krutyh mer po ukreplenii totalitarnogo rejima y vydviyjenii repressiy kak edinstvennogo y vernogo metoda ubejdeniya v pravilinosty liniy bolishevikov, dostiyjenii edinoobraziya v myshleniy kommunistov. Serieznym signalom v etom otnosheniy bylo Chetvertoe soveshanie otvetstvennyh rabotnikov nasionalinyh respublik y oblastey, provedennoe SK v 1923 godu v Moskve. Zdesi Stalinym, na fone sfabrikovannogo «Dela Sultan-Galiyeva», podverglisi obstruksiy nasionalinye kadry s samostoyatelinym viydeniyem budushego strany, v tom chisle turkestansy Turar Ryskulov y Sultanbek Hodjanov. Spustya nemnogo vremeni, s nachala 1924 goda, pod bdiytelinym okom genseka raschlenyalasi  Turkestanskaya Respublika, provodilosi v Sredney Aziy nasionalinoe razmejevaniye. Potensialinyy protivnik etogo meropriyatiya Ryskulov byl otozvan v Sentr, a inisiator sozdaniya Sredneaziatskoy Federasiy y ekonomicheskogo soobshestva respublik Sredney Aziy y Kazahstana Hodjanov – ne uslyshan. Generalinyy sekretari napravil rukovoditi Kazahstanom v 1925 godu Filippa Goloshekina. S deyatelinostiu etogo emissara Stalina svyazany krutye peremeny v obshestvenno-politicheskoy jizni. Podverglisi gonenii y obvinyalisi v gruppovshiyne mestnye deyateli, vydumyvalisi vragy v liyse tak nazyvaemyh «burjuaznyh nasionalistov» – byvshih deyateley Alash-Ordy. Provodilosi iskusstvennoe klassovoe rassloenie obshestva: kampaniya nazyvalasi gromko – «Maloy Oktyabriskoy revolusiey». Poyavilsya dekret o konfiskasiy imushestv baev. Revolusionnyy harakter kampaniy podcherkivalsya praviytelistvennym postanovleniyem ob ugolovnoy otvetstvennosty pry okazaniy soprotivleniya konfiskasiy y o ssylke konfiskovannyh za predely respubliki. «Malyy Oktyabri» priyvel vekovoy uklad aula k krushenii.  Jivotnovodstvo prishlo v upadok, nasilistvenno otobrannyy u potomstvennyh jivotnovodov skot y imushestvo ne daly aulu prosvetaniya, pereraspredelenie bogatstva sebya ne opravdalo y kampaniya vskore, v hode nasilistvennoy kollektivizasii, pererosla v massovui golodnui smerti kochevogo naroda. Golod v Kazahstane – eto osobaya stroka v prestupleniyah stalinizma. Mustafa Chokaev nazval eto «golodnoy politikoy bolishevikov». V golodomory 1917–1919, 1921–1923 y 1931–1933 gg. pryamaya poterya kochevnikov v sovokupnosty prevysila chetyreh millionov, a s uchetom upushennogo estestvennogo prirosta bolee desyaty millionov chelovek. Eto byla nasionalinaya katastrofa. Ona soprovojdalasi repressiey protiv nasionalinoy intelliygensiy y karatelinymy operasiyamy protiv nedovolinyh mass. Iz pervoy gruppy tak nazyvaemyh «burjuaznyh nasionalistov», chetvero – Jusupbek Aymautov, Dinmuhamed Adiylev, Abdrahman Baydilidin y Ahmedsafa Yusupov – byly rasstrelyany 21 aprelya 1930 goda v Moskve, po suty priyneseny v jertvu v chesti shestiydesyatiyletiya so dnya rojdeniya vojdya proletariata Lenina.  

Po mere obostreniya krizisa v sosialino-ekonomicheskom razvitiy SSSR, usiylenno iskaly «vragov naroda», «vrediyteley», «podryvnyh antisovetskih elementov y podpolinyh organizasiy». Luboy grajdaniyn, ot ryadovogo trujenika do otvetstvennogo rabotnika, byl polnostiu bezzashitnym pered lisom vlasti. Vlasti tvorila s nim vse, chto hotela. Fabrikasiya del byla postavlena na potok.  Obvinyaemye priznavalisi v soversheniy umu nepostijimyh, nerealinyh prestupleniy. V etom postaralisi karatelinye organy, kotorye dobyvaly priznaniy prestupnym putem, izoshrennymy pytkami. Vezde saril strah, neuverennosti v budushee. V takoy obstanovke, 5 dekabrya 1936 goda, byla prinyata novaya Konstitusiya SSSR, gde Kazahskaya Avtonomnaya SSR zapisana kak odna iz soizoobrazuishiyh. Y ona byla preobrazovana v soYznuY respubliku. To, chto doljno bylo osushestvitisya eshe v 1924 godu po itogam nasionalinogo razmejevaniya v Sredney Azii, kogda Kazahstan po vsem parametram sootvetstvoval na soiznui koronu, nakones svershilosi. Blagodarya stalinskoy konstitusii. Togda, kogda on poteryal polovinu chislennosty gosudarstvoobrazuyshey nasiy v rezulitate prestupnoy politiky Sentra vo glave s Iosifom Vissarionovichem Stalinym y poterpel ujasayshiy upadok v ekonomiyke, vyrezav pochty vse pogolovie skota. Tak, pridavaya avtonomnoy respubliyke status soiyznoy, «otes narodov» zamaskiroval nasionalinui katastrofu kazahov. Nachavshisi vesnoy 1937 goda, politicheskie repressiy ohvatily vsu stranu. V Kazahstane bez osobogo truda razvertyvalisi absurdnye dela «nasional-fashistov» y «yapono-germanskih shpionov», kotorye yakoby hotely otdeliti Kazahstan ot SSSR y otdati pod protektorat Yaponii.  Y preuspel v nakazaniy «vragov naroda» sam Staliyn. Lichno im y ego blijayshimy soratnikamy po Politburo podpisany prigovory eshe do suda 44 tysyacham grajdanam. V tom chisle 1581 kazahstanes predan sudu Voennoy kollegiy Verhovnogo Suda SSSR, dlya 1452 iz nih predpisany prigovory po pervoy kategorii. A skoliko nashih grajdan, projivavshih v raznyh respublikah Sovetskogo Soiza, popaly v stalinskie rasstrelinye spisky – nam predstoit eshe vyyasniti. Na opustoshennyh posle uspeshnogo provedeniya «golodnoy politiki» prostorah Kazahstana teperi raspolagalisi lagerya, gde silamy repressirovannyh, priyvezennyh so vseh konsov Sovetskogo Soiyza, stroilsya kazarmennyy sosializm. V Kazahstan byly deportirovany koreysy, nemsy, chechensy, ingushi, turkiy-meshetinsy, karachaevsy, balkary.

V gody «ottepeli» postepenno nachalsya prosess peresmotra y otmeny prigovorov v otnosheniy nevinno osujdennyh, rasstrelyannyh y pogibshih v lageryah. No eta rabota byla bystro svernuta v gody «zastoya». Y kak rezulitat – nash narod ispytal zverinyy oskal stalinizma v dekabre 1986 goda. Toliko s nachalom politiky glasnosty raskryvalisi sokrovennye tayniky totalitarizma, y obshestvo uznala o mnogih faktah bezzakoniya, planomerno provodivshihsya stalinskim rejimom. Segodnya my znaem, chto v respubliyke reabilitirovany 340 tysyach bezvinno repressirovannyh za gody stalinizma, v tom chisle osujdennye v gody «bolishogo terrora» okolo 120 tysyach, iz nih rasstrelyannye 25 tysyach. Nikakimy vysshimy gosudarstvennymy selyamy nelizya opravdati ety mnogochislennye jertvy. Potomu my schitaem vajnym postoyannoe izuchenie y razoblachenie repressivnoy politiky y karatelinoy praktiky sovetskogo gosudarstva. My doljny preodolevati ravnodushie y stremlenie  zabyti ety tragicheskie stranisy nashey istorii. My obyazany napominati ludyam: bylo soversheno neslyhannoe prestuplenie gosudarstva protiv svoego naroda. Ono ne doljno povtoryatisya. Poetomu y nujno postoyannoe razoblachenie bezzakoniya, proizvola, nespravedlivosty – etih dvijushih sil repressivno-karatelinoy politiky sovetskoy vlasti, povsemestno narushavshih elementarnye prava cheloveka.

Obo vsem etom nado postoyanno pomniti. Y jivushim segodnya, y budushemu pokolenii. Pomniti y osmyslivati vo imya postroeniya istinno demokraticheskogo, spravedlivogo obshestva. Pomniti y predosteregati, chtoby ne dopuskati povtoreniya ujasa tridsatyh godov. Neobhodimo ustranyati vse politicheskie lazeyky obhoda demokratii, vozmojnosty konsentrasiy vlasty v rukah odnogo organa ily doljnostnogo lisa. Delati vse po obespechenii otkrytosty v rabote pravoohraniytelinyh organov. Neobhodimo obespechiti realinyh garantiy chelovecheskoy svobody, ograditi cheloveka ot proizvola gosudarstva. Nado postoyanno dobivatisya, chtoby gosudarstvo zabotilosi o svoih grajdanah. Slediti, chtoby ono ny  v koem sluchae ne prichinyalo grajdanam zla. Postoyannoe izuchenie tragicheskogo proshlogo strany doljno pomochi etomu delu. V etom y sostoit seli nashey konferensii. Mejdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferensiya «Stalinizm: repressirovannyy Kazahstan» obiyavlyaetsya otkrytoy.

24 aqpan 2010 j.

ÝNDEU – OBRAShENIYE

«Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyasyna qatysushylar HH ghasyrdyng 20–50-jj. elimizde oryn alghan  sayasat saldarlaryn, Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasyn temir qúrsauyna alghan stalinizm tabighatyn, onyng óndiristik, qoghamdyq, mәdeny ómirge әserin, sayasy repressiyalar, újymdastyru, asharshylyq, deportasiya, sottalghandardy enbekpen týzeu lagerileri jayyndaghy tyng zertteuler men oi-pikirlerdi qarastyra kele, júrtshylyq arnayy ýndeu arnaudy qajet dep tapty. Qazaq eli Resey imperiyasynyng otaryna ainalyp, memlekettiligin joghaltty da, kommunistik iydeologiya biyligi ayasynda Qazaq  Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasy túrpatynda ishinara janghyrtty. Kenes memlekettigi halyqtyng jappay sauattylyq dengeyin kótergenin, qoghamnyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq kórsetkishterin, qalalar men ónerkәsipting damuyn jaqsartqanyn moyyndau kerek. Alayda múnyng bәri olardyng tasasynda qalghan halyqtyng shynayy qayghysyn úmytugha jeleu bola almaydy. Tap osy sebeppen Iosif Stalin túlghasy men stalinizm otandyq jәne әlemdik tarih ghylymyndaghy eng kóp talqylanatyn taqyryptar bolyp túr. Stalinizm kezeni – kembaghal últtyq sanany qalyptastyrghan, qoghamnyng barsha instituttaryn ózgeriske úshyratqan qasiretti uaqyt.   Kenes ókimeti túsynda kóshpendi qazaq halqy ýsh dýrkin jasandy asharshylyqty bastan keship, búryn-sondy bolmaghan últtyq apatqa úryndy: 1917–1919, 1921–1923, 1931–1933 jj. jalpy adam shyghyny 4 mln., yqtimal tabighy ósimdi eseptegende 10 mln. jannan asty. Stalinizm dәuirlegen jyldary san myng jan sayasy jeleulermen jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady: solardyng ishinen jeke basqa tabynu әshkerelengennen beri 340 mynnan astam azamat aqtaldy. Jýzdegen myng otandastarymyz Otan shekarasynan shyghyp kóship ketuge mәjbýr boldy. Qazaq halqy óz elinde últtyq azshylyqqa ainalyp, ótken ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldary onyng ýles salmaghy barlyq túrghyndardyng ýshten birine de jetpey qaldy. Qasiretti ótkenimizdi  úmytpau jәne ony aldaghy uaqyttarda eshqashan qaytalanbaytynday etip eske salyp túru ýshin bolashaq úrpaq zerdesine qúiyp otyru – әdildik pen demokratiyanyng saltanat qúruyn qamtamasyz etu jolynda atqarugha tiyis bizding azamattyq paryzymyz. Búl ýshin totalitarlyq tarihtyng kómeski betterin – «aqtandaqtardy» zertteudi jalghastyra bergen jón. Biz stalinizm tarihyn «úmytu» nemese «úmyttyru» әreketterine, ony ghylymgha jat, irrasionalidy bilimmen qarulanghan sayasy demagogtardyng jәne jana stalinshilderding aldamshy sheshendigimen almastyrugha bәrimiz birigip qarsy túrugha tiyispiz. Búl orayda bizdi býgingi Resey biyligining «Stalin kulitin» qayta qalpyna keltiru, yaghny «tarihty Resey mýddelerine zalalyn tiygizip búrmalau әreketterimen kýresu» sayasaty alandatady.  

Búdan 20 jyl ilgeride Almaty qalasyndaghy qaraghayly baq ishine asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alatyn eskertkish ornatylatyn oryn belgilenip, estelik tas qoyyldy, alayda oidaghy monument әli túrghyzylar emes. Búrynghy NKVD ghimaratynda ashylghan múrajay 1,5 jyldan keyin jabylyp qaldy, ony qogham ómirine qaytarugha әli kýnge deyin ynta tanytylmay túr. Almaty týbindegi Janalyq eskertkishi túrghan «Ádilet» qoghamy qaramaghyndaghy 15 ga jerdi iygeru (atylghandardyng aty-jóni qashalghan estelik qabyrgha ornatu, memorialdy orman alqabyn otyrghyzu, «Ádiletke» qarasty «shopandar ýiinde» sayasy repressiyalar múrajayyn jasau) isteri әzirge qolgha alynbay otyr. Sondyqtan biz, konferensiyagha qatysushylar, bylay dep sanaymyz: – Qazaqstan tarihyn, sonday-aq KSRO qúramynda bolghan ózge memleketterding tarihyn jaqsy týsinu ýshin stalinizm tarihyn oqudyng prinsipti mәni bar; – stalinizm fenomenin zertteu әr salada isteytin ghalymdardyng kýsh-jigerin biriktirudi, halyqaralyq ghylymy qyzmettestikti nyghaytudy talap etedi; – stalinizmdi zertteu múraghattyq qújattargha jol ashudyng keneytiluin, qújattardyng qúpiyalyq mәrtebesin joi ýderisin jedeldetudi, búl saladaghy zannamany qatang saqtaudy talap etedi. Osyghan baylanysty Ishki ister ministrligi men Últtyq qauipsizdik komiytetining vedomstvolyq múraghattaryn memlekettik múraghattargha jalpygha ortaq jaghdayda saqtau ýshin ótkizuge  jәne ondaghy qújattarmen tәuelsiz zertteushilerding júmys isteuine mýmkin beriluin qamtamasyz etuge qol jetkizu qajet; – stalinizm tarihyn obektivti týrde zertteu ghylymy zertteuler men tarihy derekkózderdi jariya etuding jana jobalaryn jasaudy talap etedi; – stalinizm tarihyn zertteu kuәleri azayyp kele jatqan dәuir jayynda estelikter, derektik jәne ózge mәlimetter jinaugha kýsh-jiger júmyldyrudy talap etedi; – osy uaqytqa deyin sanamyzda janghyryghyp túrghan stalinizmning auyr múrasyn jonggha Qazaqstannyng әdebiyeti men óneri kórkemdik tәsildermen jәrdemdesuge tiyis.

Stalinizm jayynda adekvatty tarihy zerde qalyptastyru mynalardy talap etedi: – arnayy jalpyúlttyq múrajay-memorialdy keshen, sonday-aq ortalyq jәne aimaqtyq ólketanu múrajaylarynda múrajaylyq ekspozisiyalar jasau; – kitaptar shygharu, dәrister ótkizu, derekti filimder, mulitiymedia-materialdar jasau týrindegi aghartushylyq qyzmetti keneytu; – orta jәne joghary mektepterde oqu әdebiyetteri men bilim beru qyzmetin tarih salasyndaghy, ózge әleumettik jәne gumanitarlyq ghylymdardaghy ghylymy bilimning qazirgi zamanghy dengeyine sәikestendiru; – jazyqsyz repressiyalanghandar men asharshylyq qúrbandarynyng jerlengen oryndaryn anyqtau jәne bastaryna belgi túrghyzu; – jyl sayyn Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni (31 mamyr) qarsanyndaghy júmada meshitter men shirkeulerde eske alu sharalaryn, sonday-aq oqu oryndarynda ashyq sabaqtar ótkizu.

Búlardan basqa, konferensiyagha qatysushylar osynday konferensiyalardy úday ótkizip túru qajet dep sanaydy. Konferensiya materialdary jeke kitap týrinde shyghyp túrugha tiyis.   Biz stalinizm qasiretterining kýlli shyndyghyn bolashaq úrpaqty tarih arqyly tәrbiyeleuge paydalanu jónindegi júrtshylyq pikirine elimizding biylik organdary sergek qaraydy jәne osy oraydaghy bastamalargha qoldau kórsetedi dep senemiz.

 «Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyasyna qatysushylar. Almaty, 24 aqpan 2010 jyl.  

HALQYMYZDYNG ÚLTTYQ BIRLIGIN ARTTYRAYYQ

Jaqynda Europalyq Kenesting Parlamenttik Assambleyasy Kenes Odaghy respublikalarynda 30-jyldary bolghan jappay ashtyq qúrbandaryn eske alu turaly qarar qabyldap, ashtyqty kenes rejiymining óz halqyna qarsy jasaghan qylmysy dep tanydy. Biz osyghan oray, Qazaqstandaghy barlyq sayasy partiyalar men qoghamdyq jәne memlekettik emes úiymdardyng basshylary men elimizde tirkelgen barlyq diny úiymdardyng jetekshilerine oy bildirip, ashyq hat jariyalaghan «Ádilet» qoghamynyng tóraghasynyng birinshi orynbasary Beybit Qoyshybaevty әngimege tartqan edik.

– Beybit Orynbekúly, airanday úiyp otyrghan halqymyzgha nәubet әkelgen qasiretti oqighagha sayasy bagha berudi Europalyq úiymnyng bastama etip kóterui ne sebepten tuyndady?

– Ótkendi eleusiz qaldyrugha bolmaydy, onyng ashy sabaqtarynan taghylym alu, oghan taghzym etu – paryzymyz. Barshamyzgha belgili, elimizde jyl sayyn 31-mamyrda Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni atap ótilip jýr. Biraq búl atau qoghamnyng býgingi talabyn qanaghattandyra qoymaytyny bayqaluda. Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jylynda búl kýn Asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni retinde belgilengen bolatyn. Onyng qarsanynda sol kezgi Jogharghy Kenesting ghalymdardan qúralghan arnayy komissiyasy 30-jyldary kóshpendi halyqqa genosid jasalghanyn dәleldep, qorytyndy bergen edi. Alayda sayasy bagha joghary dengeyde maqúldanbady. Sóitip Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu jyly retinde jariyalanghan 1997 jylgha deyin Asharshylyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni birde-bir ret óz dengeyinde atalghan joq. Oghan kýni keshe kenestik ortaq shanyraq astynan shyqqan kommunisterding búrynghy ortalyqqa, elimizdegi orys aghayyndargha orynsyz alandauy sebep boldy. Olar mәselening sebebi orys halqynda emes, bolisheviktik rejimde ekenin baghamday almady. Sóitip, nәubet jyldary qúrban bolghan tórt millionday qazaqtyng ruhy is jýzindey joqtalmay, eskerusiz qaldy. Búl sol kezde jiberilgen iri qatelikterding biri edi. Parlament Mәjilisining bir top deputattarynyng «Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni» bolyp kelgen 31-mamyrdy búdan bylay solaqay reforma saldarynan jazyqsyz qúrban bolghan milliondardyng ruhyna jyl sayyn taghzym etu ýshin «Jappay sayasy qughyn-sýrgin jәne ashtyq qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni» dep qayta rәsimdeluin jәne ashtyq nәubetining sebep-saldaryn, auqymyn el tarihynyng tútas kezeni retinde arnayy zertteu mәselesin kóterip,  úsynys jasauy – asa qúptarlyq is. «Eshten kesh jaqsy» degen, deputattardyng búl әreketin ýlken azamattyq dep bilemin. Degenmen mәseleni kenirek qarau qajettigi anyq. Óitkeni ýsh dýrkin (1917–1919, 1921–1923, 1931–1933 jj.) ainalyp soqqan asharshylyq halyqty qynaday qyryp, últtyq apatqa úshyratty. Búl, Mústafa Shoqaydyng sózimen aitqanda, «bolishevikterding ashtyq sayasatynyn» saldary edi. Olargha keng daladan kóshpendilerdi tyqsyryp, sosializm qúrylysshylaryn kenistikpen qamtamasyz etu kerek bolatyn. Osy mәselege tәuelsiz elimizde әli sayasy bagha berilgen joq. Europalyq kenes asharshylyq jyldaryndaghy Qazaqstangha airyqsha mәn berip, qyrylghan halyqtyng milliondap sanalatynyn ashyp atap kórsetip otyr. Resey men Ukraina óz tarihyndaghy halyqty oisyratqan nәubetti memlekettik dәrejede atap ótken bolatyn. Mәselen, Ukraina 1932–1933 jyldardaghy nәubetti, yaghny halyqty jappay qyrylugha dushar etken asharshylyqty «últymyzgha qarsy jasalghan genosiyd» dep jariyalap qoyghanyna tórt jylday uaqyt ótti. Sondyqtan, býgingi parlament 90-jyldardaghy Jogharghy Kenes bastap, jerine jetkize almaghan isti qaytadan qolgha alar dep ýmittenemiz.

– «Ashtyq pen repressiyany eki bólek atap óteyik» degen de pikirler bar...

– Meninshe, Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýnining mazmúny eki tragediyany da qamtidy. Alayda, is jýzinde, asharshylyq nәubeti óz mәninde atalmay, repressiya qúrbandaryn eske alu sharalarynyng kólenkesinde qalyp keledi. Ýlken terror jyldary 25 myng bozdaq atyldy. Al tek 32-jylghy apatta 2,5 milliongha juyq jan ashtyqtyng qúrbany boldy. Eger últtyq apat qasiretine sayasy bagha berilse, ony jeke eske alugha әbden bolar edi. Sol kezgi quyrshaq respublikanyng halqyna qorghan bola almaghany ýshin, halqynyng qyryluyna, shet elderge bosyp ketuine jol bergeni ýshin  býgingi tәuelsiz memleketimizding opynyp, halyqtan keshirim súrauy qajet degen oidamyz. Onyng ornyn toltyru sharalaryn atap, arnayy azaly kýn belgilegen jón. Evreylerding Holokost qúrbandaryn este tútatyn «Yad va Shem» (Jad pen Esim) múrajayy sekildi kórneki oryn ashu, jalpy júrtshylyqty qasiretti tarihpen tәrbiyeleuding keng auqymdy is-sharalaryn jasau – halqymyzdyng últtyq birligin qamtamasyz etuge baghyttalghan imandylyq isi bolary sózsiz. Últtyq sananyng kembaghaldanuyna aparyp soqqan múnday azaly kezenderdi óskeleng úrpaq biluge tiyis. Qasiretti ótkenimizdi úmytpau jәne ony bolashaq úrpaq zerdesine qúiyp otyru – bizding adami, tarihy paryzymyz. «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy 2008 jyly – jasandy asharshylyqtyng ayaqtalghanyna 75 jyl toluyna oray: «Qazaqstandaghy 30-jj. asharshylyq: auqymy, sebepteri, saldary», 2009 jyly – «Ádilet» qoghamynyng úiymdasqanyna 20 jyl toluyna oray: «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy: totalitarlyq tarihtan – demokratiyalyq bolashaqqa» atty arnayy respublikalyq, 2010 jyly – «Stalinizm: repressiyalanghan Qazaqstan» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-praktikalyq konferensiyalar ótkizdi. Solardyng bәrinde tarihtyng kómeski betterin zertteudi jalghastyryp, jer-jerdegi ólketanu múrajaylarynan stalinizm kelensizdikterin әshkereleytin búryshtar ashu, jazyqsyz jazalanghandar men asharshylyq qúrbandary kómilgen oryndardy anyqtap, bastaryna belgi qoy isin jalghastyra beru kerektigi aitylyp, tiyisti qararlar men ýndeuler qabyldandy. Sol ýndeulerde repressiyalanghandardy úlyqtau isterimen qatar, Sayasy qúghyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni (31-mamyr) qarsanyndaghy júmada әr jyl sayyn jasandy asharshylyqta kóz júmghan bozdaqtar ruhyna meshitter men shirkeulerde, ózge de ghibadathanalarda, ashtyq qúrbandaryna qoyylghan belgiler basynda aruaqtargha dúgha baghyshtap, oqu oryndarynda, mekemeler men úiymdarda arnayy jiyndar ótkizudi dәstýrge ainaldyru qajettigi tújyrymdalghan edi. Osyny endi sózden iske ainaldyratyn kez kelgen siyaqty. Búghan әldebir sheshim emes, azamattyq kózqaras, sayasy ynta-jiger kerek.

– «Ashtyq kýnin aza tútsaq, orystardy renjitip alamyz» dep qorqa tartushylar da bar. Bizding úzaq uaqyt mәselege bayypty qaray almaghanymyz da osy úghymnyng yqpalynan shygha almaghandyghymyzdan emes pe?

– Orystardyng ózi de sol repressiyanyng qúrbany boldy emes pe? Ashtyqqa stalindik rejim kinәli. Búl alapat joyqyn nәubette orys ta, belorus te, ukrain da, nemis te, bashqúrt ta, tatar da – bәri de qyryldy. Stalinizm dәuirlegen kezende san myng jan jazyqsyz qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. Jeke basqa tabynu әshkerelengennen beri tek bizding elde 340 mynnan astam adam repressiyalanghan jan aqtaldy. Osy soraqylyqtardy aiyptap eske alu kezinde, bolishevizm túsynda elimizde oryn alghan basqa bir memlekettik qylmys, әlginde aitqanymyzday, onyng tasasynda qalyp qoyyp jýr. Kenes ókimeti túsynda kóshpendi qazaq halqy jasandy asharshylyqtar saldarynan búryn-sondy kóz kórip, qúlaq estimegen últtyq katastrofagha úrynghan bolatyn. Jalpy adam shyghyny 4 million, yqtimal tabighy ósimdi eseptegende 10 million jannan asty. Qazaq halqy óz elinde últtyq azshylyqqa ainalyp, ótken ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldary barlyq túrghyndardyng ýshten birine de jetpey qaldy.

– Ýlkendi-kishili ýzdiksiz terror saldarynan tolyq saltanat qúrghan stalinizm últ ziyalysyn qausatyp salghanmen, Alash múratyn – derbes memleket qúru iydeyasyn túnshyqtyra almady emes pe?

– Qazaq eli joghaltqan memlekettiligin 1917 jylghy Qazan tónkerisi nәtiyjesinde, kenestik túrpatta janghyrtty. Kenestik Qazaq Respublikasy júrtty jappay sauattandyryp, ekonomikasy men mәdeniyetin damytty. Aqyry, Kenester Odaghyn qúraghan odaqtas respublikalardyng biri retinde, 1991 jyly memlekettik tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizdi. Alayda múnyng bәri sol jetistikterding tasasynda qalghan halyq qayghysyn úmytugha sebep bola almaydy. Onyng qan tamyrynda halqymyzdyng óshpes ruhy men kýreskerlik danqy jatyr. Áytse de bolisheviktik biylik qazaq halqyna qisapsyz qasiret әkeletinin Alash basshylary 1917 jyly-aq eskertti. Qazan tónkerisin «nayzanyng úshymen, aibaltanyng jýzimen bolghan» zorlyq aktisi retinde qabyldaghan Á. Bókeyhan, әuel bastan qazaq júrtyn bas amandyghyn qamtamasyz etuge shaqyrdy. «Esik aldynan dauyl, ýy artynan jau keldi!» – dep dabyl qaqty ol. «Alashtyng balasy, Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlamadan son, 200 jylda, basyna bir qiyn is keldi! Aqsaqal agha, azamat ini, otbasy arazdyq daudy qoy, birik, júrt qyzmetine kiris! Alashtyng basyn qorghaugha qam qyl!» Alayda Alash kósemining saqtandyruynan qorytyndy shyqpady. Bolishevikter Alash ýnin túnshyqtyru ýshin, kýsh qoldanumen qatar, taptyq uaghyzdy shekten shyghara jýrgizip, Qazaq avtonomiyasy iydeyasyn óz paydasyna útymdy jarata aldy. Bolisheviktik sayasat sahnasyna kóterilgen radikaldy ziyalylar shoghyrynyng últ mýddesi ýdesinen shyghugha mýmkindik aldyq degen quanyshtary da úzaqqa barmady. Ýzdiksiz qughyn-sýrgin, kәmpeske men kýshtep újymdastyru, 1931–1933 jyldarghy ashtyq kimning kim ekenine kózderin jetkizse, 1937 jylghy «ýlken terror» Alash ziyalylarymen qosa, kenes tuyn alaulata kótergen radikaldy ústanymdaghylardyng ózderin bauday týsirdi. 1954 jyldan 1960 jylghy deyingi aralyq GULAG-tyng eng songhy qúldyrau kezeni boldy. Sebebi, Stalin qaytys bolghan son, jiyrmasynshy sezden keyin «jylymyq» ornap, stalinshildik,  totalitarizm әlsirey bastaghan-dy. Tútqyndargha raqymshylyq jasalyp, bostandyqqa shygharyldy.

– Europalyq deputattar tarihy shyndyqty ornatu ýshin búrynghy kenes elderi ýkimetterin óz múraghattaryn ashyp, olargha otandyq ghalymdarmen qatar, europalyq sarapshylardy tarihymyzdy zertteuge rúqsat berudi súramay ma? Kezinde Maghjan Júmabaev: «Revolusiya bizding tarih tudyrghan tónkeris emes, Europa tudyrghan jat tónkeris» degenin esten shygharmaghanymyz abzal bolar...

– Europalyq Kenes Parlamenttik Assambleyasynyng otyzynshy jyldary Qazaqstan, Ukraina siyaqty elderdi sharpyp ótken ashtyqqa baylanysty qarar qabyldap, kinәni stalindik rejimge tanuyn qoldauymyz kerek. Elimizding ghalymdary 30-shy jyldardyng zúlmatyn qoldarynan kelgenshe zerttedi. Biraq onymen shektelip qalugha bolmas. Asharshylyq tek Qazaqstanda ghana emes, Ukrainada jәne Reseyde de boldy. Halyq bauday týsti. Sol kezde qazaq memleketining basshylyghynda jýrgen keybir azamattar, halqy ashtan qyrylyp jatqanda, Mәskeude jalghan aqpar berip, «bizde bәri jaqsy» deumen bolghan. Ári ortalyq ta shyndyqqa qúlaq asugha qúlyqsyz-tyn. Mәseleni tereng jәne jan-jaqty qarau jón. Múraghattar tolyq ashylugha tiyis. Qazirgi Últtyq qauipsizdik komiytetinin, Ishki ister ministrligining vedomstvolyq múraghattary Ortalyq memlekettik múraghatqa ótkizilip, zertteushilerding izdenisterine jol beru lәzim. Eger europalyq deputattar búl mәseleni qolgha alsa, bәlkim, Mәskeuding qúpiya múraghattarynda jatqan kóptegen jasyryn qújattardyng da syry ashylar. Qalay aitsaq ta, qazir shyndyqtyng betine tura qaraytyn kez keldi ghoy dep oilaymyn. Búl mәseleler BAQ betterinde ýnemi talqylanyp otyruy tiyis.

– Beybit agha, bolishevikter ókimet basyna kelgennen bastap shygharghan resmy qauly-qaralary men diyrektivalaryn qarap otyrsaq, barlyghy derlik óz azamattaryna qarsy, olardy sayasy túrghyda jazalaugha baghyttalghany bayqalady. Mәselen, bolishevikter ókimet basyna kelgen song ýsh kýnnen keyin «Baspa turaly» dekret shyghardy. Onda olar ózderine qarsy merzimdi basylymdardyng bәrin jabudy maqsat tútypty. Búl sayasy jazalau Qazaqstanda da kórinis berdi emes pe?

– 1918 jyly elimizding últtyq mýddesin qorghaytyn birden-bir basylym – «Qazaq» gazeti jabyldy. Ol qazaq oqyghandarynyng minberi edi, onda halyqqa arnalghan sóz, kózqaras ayan etiletin. Onda bolishevikter sayasatyna kelispeytin, ony sayasy jaghynan aiyptaytyn kóptegen maqalalar  jaryq kórdi. Mәselen, 1918 jyly Mirjaqyp Dulatov osy gazettegi «Jasasyn Alash avtonomiyasy, kórkeysin Alash!» atty maqalasynda bolishevikter ornatqan ókimet kezenin «bireudi bireu tonau, óltiru, talau, abaqtygha jabu degen nәrseler balanyng oiyny siyaqty bolyp ketti» dep beyneledi. Osydan-aq bolishevikterding qazaq dalasyn qanday kýige úshyratqanyn bayqaysyn. Kenestik dәuirde «Aqjol» gazeti últ mýddesin kýitteushi birden-bir basylym edi. Stalinning ataqty hatynan keyin ol da jabyldy.  Negizgi sayasy qughyn-sýrginning maqsatty týrde «últshyldardy әshkereleuden» bastaluyna ólkeni basqarugha ortalyq emissary Filipp Goloshekinning kelui sheshushi әser etti. Auyldy kenestendiru, «Kishi Qazan revolusiyasyn» jasau, tәrkileu nauqany, kýshtep újymdastyru, materialdyq túrghydan qamtamasyz etpey-aq otyryqshylandyrugha mәjbýrleu – osy josyqsyz reformalardyng bәri sayasy qughyn-sýrginge, asharshylyqqa, orynsyz jazalau sharalaryn jýrgizuge apardy. Memlekettik mәshiyne kýsh alyp túrghan osynday kezende azamattyq qarsylasu qozghalysy Alash qayratkerlerining basyna qanday nәubәt әkelgenin oqyrman qauym jaqsy biledi.

– Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyldarynda asharshylyqta opat bolghandardy eske týsiru maqsatynda olargha eskertkish belgi qoyylady dep úigharym jasalghan edi. Bolashaq eskertkishting ornyna qoyylghan sol qara tasqa qashan «jan» bitedi?

– Elimizdegi barlyq meshitterde Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu qarsanyndaghy júmada – júma namaz uaghyzynda osy mәselege kónil bólinse degen niyetpen Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng dinbasyna ótinish jasap otyrmyz. «Óli razy bolmay – tiri bayymaydy» degen dana halqymyz. Múnday ótinishti elimizde ómir sýretin hristiandyqtyng  pravoslaviye, katolik dinderi sekildi tarmaqtary basshylaryna da bildirdik. Barsha júrtshylyqty Almatydaghy qaraghayly baq ishindegi tas túghyrgha, barlyq qalalar men eldi-mekenderdegi sonday oryndargha 28-mamyrda – Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni qarsanyndaghy júmada – gýl shoqtaryn qoyyp, jasandy asharshylyqtardan sheyit bolghan bozdaqtar aruaghyna bas iige shaqyryp otyrmyz.

– Beybit Orynbekúly, әngimenizge rahmet!

Ángimelesken  Ermek Júmahmetúly.  25 mamyr 2010 j.

Beybit Qoyshybaev

22.05.2018

(Jalghasy bar)

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