Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Taldau 12239 0 pikir 6 Aqpan, 2015 saghat 10:43

AQSh ShYN MÁNISINDE ZÚLYM EL ME?

Qazirgi zamanghy qoghamdyq-sayasy oi-pi­kirde islamofobiya, antiysemitizm, sino­fobiya, antiamerikanizm, amerikano­fobiya, NATO-fobiya siyaqty týrli fobiyalar, yaghni, qor­qynysh úyalatatyn úghym-týsinikter men jekkórushilik sezimder tuyndap otyr­gha­ny jasyryn emes. Sonymen qatar, an­tiy­glo­balistik, evroskeptiktik, antieu­raziya­lyq pighyldar da, últshyldyqty fashizmge te­neu­shi antiukrainalyq kózqaras ta be­leng alyp túr.

Osynday fobiya­lardyng biri – islamofobiya mәselesi jan-jaqty talqylanyp, onyng mәn-jayy men aq-qarasy ashylghan edi. Qa­zaq­stannyng aqparattyq kenistiginde resey­lik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary ýstemdigin jýrgizip otyrghandyqtan, qazir antiukrainalyq ústanymmen bir­ge «modagha» ainalghan «fobiyalardyn» biri – amerikanofobiya nemese antiamerikanizm bolyp otyr. IYdeologiyalyq búrmalanghan sayasy ýgit-nasihat saldarynan qoghamdyq pikirding de synarjaq bolyp qalyptasuy - zandylyq. Sondyqtan, qazirgi qoghamda Amerika dese, aza boyy qaza túratyn, AQSh-qa qarsy jaghymsyz oy jeteginde jýrgender jetip artylady. Al, Amerikagha baryp, ondaghy ómir­di óz kózderimen kórip, bilimin alyp, jú­mysyn istep, aqshasyn tauyp kelip jat­qandardyng pikiri mýldem bólek – olar AQSh-tyng jaqsy jaqtaryn aityp, jappay maqtaydy. Amerikagha qatysty qoghamdyq pikir ambivalentti (ekiúshty) bolyp túr. Osydan kelip: «Au, sonda búl fәniydegi demokratiyanyng etalony sanalatyn AQSh shyn mәnisinde zúlym el me?» deytin, kópshilikti oilandyratyn súraqtardyng biri tuyndaydy. 
Búryn da, Kenes Odaghy dәuirinde AQSh qúbyjyq, soghysqúmar, otarshy, adam­dy qanaushy el retinde nasihattalatyn. Sebebi, týsinikti, ol kezdegi әlem eki polyargha bólindi: bir jaghynda – dýniyejýzin totalitarly kommunizmge ainaldyrudy kóksegen, KSRO yqpalyndaghy, Varshava sharty úiymyna kirgen sosialistik lageri elderi; qarsy jaghynda – demokratiya men liyberalizmdi tu etken, AQSh bastaghan NATO-gha mýshe elder. Bipo­lyarlyq teke-tiresken «Qyrghiy-qabaq soghystan» songhylardyng mereyi ýs­tem bolyp shyqty. Osylaysha, «Yadro­lyq pariytet», «Aygha úshu jarysy», «Karib daghdarysy», «Jantalasa qarulanu» siyaqty sayasiy-tarihy proses­ter men ghalamdyq auqymdaghy geosayasi, iydeologiyalyq, әskeri, ekonomikalyq konfrontasiyagha arqau bolghan eki polyarly әlem qúrylysy ydyrap, jana әlemdik tәrtip qalyptasty.  Al, onyng bas­ty ereksheligi – alyp derjavagha ainalghan AQSh-tyng әlemdik sayasy arenadaghy ýs­tem­digine (gegemondyghyna) negizdelui.  Ke­­zin­de «Temir lediy» atanghan Margaret Tetcher «Memleketti basqaru óneri. Óz­geris ýstindegi әlem ýshin strategiyalar» atty enbeginde qyrghiy-qabaq soghys pen Amerikanyng jenisi turaly oy tolghay kele, AQSh qana әlemdik liyder boludyng moralidyq qúqyghyna ie jәne oghan materialdyq negizi de bar dep qorytyndy jasaydy. Onyng oiynsha, AQSh pen NATO ghalamsharda demokratiyalyq qúrylys ornauyn, adamnyng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary qorghaluyn baqylaushy «Álemdik jandarm» rólin oinauy uaqyt talabynan tuyndap otyr. Óitkeni, kóptegen memleketterde adam qúqyqtary ayaqqa taptaluda, avtoritarly nemese totalitarly biylik ornauda, ksenofobiya, genosiyd, terrorizm, azamattyq soghystar, әskery agressiya siyaqty adamzatqa qarsy әreketter men әskery qylmystar jasaluda. Búlardyng bәrin halyqaralyq dengeyde rettemese, jeke-dara memleketter men últtardyng shamasy jetpesi anyq. Alayda, M.Tetcher AQSh-ty egemendi elderding ishki isine qol súghatyn, yaghni, gumanitarlyq kómek berumen býrkemelengen kýsh qoldanudan saqtanugha shaqyrady. 
Sayasatker retinde ózining ústanymshyl qataldyghymen qatar, pragmatikalyq kó­re­gen­digimen de erekshelengen marqúm M.Tetcherding әlemdik sayasattaghy AQSh-tyng róli turaly pikirinde aqiqat bar ekeni dausyz. AQSh pen NATO blogynyng qyryna iligetin memleketterding tizimine kóz salsaq, olar - negizinen demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtargha pysqyryp ta qaramaytyn avtoritarly, totalitarly nemese des­pottyq sayasy biylik ornaghan, ghalamdyq qauipsizdikke qater tóndiretin jappay qyryp-joyshy qarugha qúmar, ekstremizm men terrorizm qozyp túrghan, adam qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn búzatyn, ksenofobiya, diskriminasiya, genosiyd, әskery qylmystar beleng alyp otyrghan elder. Yaghni, AQSh eks-preziydenti, kishi Dj.Bushtyng tilimen aitsaq, «zúlymdyq osinde» ornalasqan Soltýstik Koreya, Irak, Iran siyaqty memleketter. Keyinirek AQSh Memlekettik hatshysy Djon Bolton búl tizimdi Kuba, Liviya, Siriya siyaqty antiydemokratiyalyq eldermen tolyqtyrdy. 2005 jyly Kondoliza Rays eng antiamerikandyq rejimder dep Kuba, Iran, Soltýstik Koreya, Belarusi, Zimbabve men Miyanmany atady.
Eki polyarly әlemning qalyptasuy II Dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin bas­tau alsa, geosayasy gravitasiyalyq tartylystyng kýshti әserin birinshi bolyp sezgen Germaniya boldy. Potsdam konferensiyasy negizinde ekige bólingen nemis elining batysy AQSh bastaghan batystyq elderding yqpalynda qalsa, shyghys bóligi KSRO jeteginde ketti. Fashistik furermen imperiya qúrugha dәmelengen, ariylik últ sanalghan nemister ekige aiyrylyp qoymay, ortasynan qyl ótpeytin Berlin qabyrghasy arqyly qaq bólindi. Qyryq jyldan astam uaqyt bir últ eki týrli tәrtippen ómir keshti: elding batysyndaghy ne­mister euroamerikandyq demokratiya prinsipterin, shyghys nemisteri kom­munistik iydeologiyany basshylyqqa aldy. 1980 jyldardyng ortasynda Shyghys Europada «shoshytyp emdeu», «barqyt tónkerister» jýrip, antiykenestik kónil-kýy óristedi. Oghan qosa, KSRO-da biylik basyna M.S.Gorbachevting kelui, «qayta qúru», «jariyalylyq» siyaqty sayasy ózgerister sosialistik lageri elderin dýr silkindirdi. 1989 jyly 9 qarashada Berlin qabyrghasy qúlatylyp, Germaniya birikti, ekige aiyrylghan últ qayta tabysyp, birtútas el-júrtqa ainaldy. Mine, sol kezde әlemdik qauymdastyq qatigez sayasy eksperiymentting nәtiyjesin kórip, qayran qaldy. Qyryq tórt jyl eki týrli sayasy jýiede bólektenip ómir sýrgen bir últtyng ókilderining sayasy sanasy men mәdeniyeti, psihologiyasy men mentaliyteti bir-birine mýldem úqsamaytyn dәrejege jetken. AQSh yqpalyndaghy batys nemisteri qay jaghynan alsanyz da, әldeqayda damyp ketken, al, KSRO «tәrbiyesindegi» shyghys nemisteri mesheu kýide qalyp qoyghan. Sodan beri de shiyrek ghasyr uaqyt ótkenimen, búl erekshelik әli kýnge deyin tenespey kele jatqan kórinedi. Eger de AQSh jaman bolsa, batys nemisteri soghystan qiraghan qalalaryn qalpyna keltirip qana qoymay, odan sayyn gýldenip, jan-jaqty damyp, europalyq betke ústar elding dengeyine qalay jetken?
Tura osynday analogiyany (teneudi) ko­rey últyna qatysty qoldanugha bolady. II Dýniyejýzilik soghysta gitlerlik Germaniyanyng odaqtasy bolghan japon miy­litaristeri jaulaghan Koreyany azat etuge eki dýley sayasy kýsh –  KSRO men AQSh bilek sybana kiristi. Biri elding soltýstiginen, ekinshisi ontýstiginen Korey eline kómek qolyn sozyp, japon basqynshylaryn quyp shyqty. Kenes Odaghyna Qytay jaqtas boldy, AQSh-qa Úlybritaniya, BÚÚ bitimgershilik kýshteri men NATO blogy qoldau jasady. Japon basqynshylarynan qútylghan son, odaqtastar uaqytsha basqaru rejiymi turaly kelisim jasap, Koreyany qaq ortasynan bólip jatqan geografiyalyq 38 beldeu (paralleli) boyymen KSRO yqpalyndaghy Soltýstik Koreyagha jәne AQSh yqpalyndaghy Ontýstik Koreyagha bóludi úighardy. Uaqytsha basqaru rejiymi bitken son, eki tarapty biriktiru kózdeldi. Soltýstik Koreyany basqarugha kommunist Kim Ir Sen taghayyndalsa, Ontýstik Koreyany basqarugha Ly Syn Man saylandy. Biraq, kóp úzamay, Koreya eki alyp derjavanyng sayasy oiynshyghyna ainalyp, korey últynyng taghdyry tәlkekke týsti. Ekige jarylghan koreyler birikpek týgil, bir-birimen soghysyp ketti. 1950 jyly 25 mausymda bastalghan Korey soghysy 1953 jylghy 27 shildege deyin jalghasty, al, soghystyng bitimi turaly resmy kelissóz әli kýnge deyin jasalmaghan. Korey soghysynyng zardaby orasan zor boldy: týrli derekter búl soghysta jalpy sany 5-6 mln. adam  qaza tapqanyn kórsetedi, myngha tarta úshaq joyylghan, atylghan oq-dәri men qarjy-qarajat shyghynynda qisap joq.
Korey soghysynan keyin eki polyarly әlemdik sayasattyng qúrbanyna ainalghan bir últ ekige bólinip, KSRO men Qytay kommunistik partiyalarynyng yqpalyndaghy Soltýstik bólik — Korey halyq demokratiyalyq respublikasy (KHDR), Ontýstik bólik - AQSh yqpalyndaghy Korey Respublikasyna ainalyp shygha keldi. Sodan beri jarty ghasyrdan astam uaqyt ótse de, kommunist koreyler men demokrat koreylerding basy biriger emes, bir-birin jauday kóredi. Damuyna kelsek, taghy da sol, KSRO yqpalynda bolghan Soltýstik Koreya artta qaldy, biyligi әskery avtoritarizm bolghandyqtan, ómirleri jantalasa qarulanumen, yqtimal soghysqa dayyndalumen ótude. «Tentek shoqpar jinaydy» degen sóz tegin aitylmasa kerek. Al, AQSh yqpalyna ótken Ontýstik Koreya demokratiyalyq jolgha týsip, qaryshtap damyp, órkeniyetti elge ainaldy. Qazir ontýstik koreylik ghylym men tehnika damuy jaghynan әlemdegi aldynghy oryngha shyqty, basqasyn aitpaghanda, koreylik Samsung kompaniyasy amerikalyq Apple kompaniyasymen ashyq bәsekelesetin dengeyge jetken. Búdan basqa da bәsekege qabiletti brendteri jetip artylady. Koreylik elektronika men túrmystyq tehnika әlemdi jaulap barady, avto-moto, auyr mashina jasau, jenil ónerkәsip te kýshti damuda. Ontýstik Koreya - keme jasau salasynda da әlemdik liyder. Sauda-ekonomikalyq baghyttaghy portty qala Pusanda әlemdik jiyndar men sport dodalary ótse, astanasy Seul – Aziya-Tynyq múhity aimaghyndaghy iri qarjylyq jәne mәdeny ortalyqqa ainalghan. Osy jerde taghy da oryndy súraq tuyndaydy: AQSh jaman bolsa, onyng yqpalyndaghy Ontýstik Koreya qalay jaqsy el bolyp otyr? Nemese AQSh-ty jau kóretin Soltýstik Koreya nege artta qalyp qoydy?
AQSh-tyng әsker qoldanyp, bógde memleketting ishki isine qol súqqan kezderi kóp-aq, múny antiamerikanizm ókilderi ýnemi betke basady. Biraq, AQSh bet-albatty, eshbir sebepsiz basqa elderge qatysty әsker kýshi men qarudy qoldanyp otyrghan joq. Biz AQSh-ty aqtaghaly nemese jaqtaghaly otyrghan joqpyz. Áytse de, faktynyng aty - fakt. Obektivti jazylghan arnayy әdebiyetke taldau jasau arqyly AQSh nemese NATO әskeri kóp jaghdayda amalsyzdan, keyde, ótkir qajettilikten týrli janjal oshaqtaryna qatysqanyna kóz jetkizu qiyn emes. Mysaly, Grenada jerinde AQSh qaruly kýshteri 1983 jyly «Urgent Fury», yaghni, «Qaharly ashugha bulyghu»degen shartty ataumen әskery operasiya úiymdastyryp, qaruly kýshterin endirdi. Múnday qadam jasaugha qolqa salyp, ótinish bildirgen Amerikalyq memleketter úiymy boldy. Sebebi, 1979 jyly 13 nauryzda Grenada qaruly tónkeristi bastan ótkerdi. KSRO qoldauymen Moris Bishoptyng «New Jewel Movement» atty qozghalysy Grenadany basqaryp otyrghan Erik Geyriyding ýkimetin qúlatyp, әskery avtoritarlyq biylik ornatty. KSRO, Kuba men KHDR siyaqty sosialistik elderding bergen 100 mln.$ juyq qarjylyq kómegi men ozyq qaru-jaraghynyng arqasynda M.Bishop grenadalyqtardy baqayshaghyna deyin qarulandyryp, 1983 jylgha taman Karib tenizi basseynindegi eng myqty qaruly kýsh jasaqtady. KSRO Grenadamen ghana shektelmey, Nikaraguadaghy sandinister men Salivadordaghy solshyl partizandargha da jan-jaqty qoldau jasaugha tyrys­ty. Osylaysha Ortalyq Amerikadaghy jaghday kýrt shiyelenisti. Bastapqyda AQSh Grenadagha baykot jariyalaumen shekteldi. Biraq, KSRO-nyng Grenada arqyly aimaqqa óz yqpalyn arttyrugha dәmeli ekeni anyq sezile bastauy, qandyqol M.Bishoptyng óz opponentterin qatang jazalap qoymay, qyryp-joyy, amerikandyq turisterding ómirine qauip tóndirui, jalpy Karib tenizi aimaghyndaghy túraqsyzdyqty shayqalta bas­tauy Amerikalyq memleketter úiymyn oilandyryp, jogharyda aitylghanday, ayaghy AQSh-tan kómek súraugha alyp keldi. AQSh kóp oilanbastan әskery operasiyany bas­tap, M.Bishop tiyisti jazasyn aldy. Osylaysha 1984 jyldan bastap Grenadanyng qoghamdyq-sayasy ómiri túraqtandy. Býginde Grenada - Úlybritaniyanyng qúramyndaghy konstitusiyalyq monarhiyaly memleket. Turizmi damyghan, agrarly el, Karib teni­zindegi qauipsiz aimaq sanalady. Eger AQSh aralaspasa, M.Bishoptyng әskery rejiymi Grenadamen qosa, Ortalyq Amerika aimaghyn qan qaqsatar edi. 
Amerikany jek kórushilerding AQSh-qa qarsy shýiligetin túsy – Balqan daghdarysyna qatysty. KSRO túsynda Yugoslaviya degen atauy bar darday memleket Kenes Odaghymen birge ydyrap, toz-tozy shyqty. Yugoslaviyanyng territoriyasynda 1991-2001 jyldar aralyghynda etnikalyq jәne diny janjaldar negizinde tútanghan qaruly qaqtyghystar seriya-seriyasymen jýrdi. Reseyding qoldauyna ie bolghan serbter (negizinen, pravoslavtar) bir jaq, horvattar (katolikter), bosniyalyqtar men kosovolyq albandyqtar (negizinen mú­sylmandar) qarsy jaq bolyp bir qyryldy. Onymen qoymay, horvattar men bosniyalyqtar ózara qy­rylysty. Búl azday, albandyqtar men makedondyqtar bir-birimen atysyp-shabysty. Osylaysha Yugoslaviya so­ghysy II Dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyingi kezendegi Europada bolghan eng ýlken soghysqa ainaldy. Slobodan Miloshevich bastaghan Yugoslaviya últtyq armiyasy serbterdi qoldap, jýgensiz әreketterge bardy. Etnikalyq tazalau, atyp-asu, genosiyd, zorlyq-zombylyq jappay oryn alyp, aiuandyq әskery qylmystar jasaldy. Ásirese, Saraevo men Srebreniyse qalalarynda adamzatqa jat, jan týrshigerlik qandy qyrghyndar boldy. Álemdik qauymdastyq aralasyp, ara-aghayyndyq etpese, tym úzaqqa sozylghan Balqan janjaly óz-ózinen sheshilmeytini anyq edi. 
AQSh-tyng ara-aghayyndyq etuimen 1994 jyly Vashington kelisimi jasalyp, Bosniya men Gersegovina Federasiyasy qúryldy. 1995 jyly bosniyalyq serbterding qanqúily armiyasyna qarsy NATO әskerin engizuge tura keldi. 1995 jyly 21 jeltoqsanda AQSh-tyng Ogayo shtatynda, Deyton qalasynda kezekti beybit kelissózder ótip, janjaldy retteuge mýmkindik tudy, ol tarihta Deyton kelisimi degen atpen qaldy. Osy súrapyl soghysta adamzatqa qarsy jasalghan әskery qylmystardy tergeu maqsatynda Búrynghy Yugoslaviya jónindegi halyqaralyq tribunal qúryldy (Gaaga tribunaly). Búl әskery sot 2008 jylgha deyin 45 serbti, 12 horvatty, 5 bosniyalyqty әskery qylmysker retinde sottady. Olardyng qatarynda S.Miloshevich te boldy. Jalpy, Balqan soghysynda qaytys bolghandar sany 130 myng adamnan asyp ketti, japa shekken 2,2 mln adam bosqyngha ainaldy, ondaghan milliard dollar materialdyq shyghyn shyqty. Eger de janjaldy sheshuge AQSh pen NATO aralaspasa, BÚÚ atsalyspasa, Balqan soghysynyng zardaptary búdan da qayghyly, shyghyny әldeneshe ese kóp bolar edi…
AQSh-tyng sheteldegi әskery qaty­suynda erekshe oryn alatyny – Parsy shyghanaghyndaghy soghys, Irakqa qarsy úiymdastyrylghan «Shóldegi dauyl» әskery operasiyasy. Onyng mәnin týsinu ýshin alghysharttaryn biluimiz qajet. Iran-irak soghysy kezinde Saddam Huseyn Saud Arabiyasy men Kuveytke shash etekten qaryzgha batady. Kórshiles jatqan Kuveytting ózine Iraktyng qaryzy 17 mlrd. AQSh dollaryna jetken. Qaryzyn qaytse de qaytarmaudy kózdegen Saddam Huseyn Kuveytke Irak múnayyn úrlaushy, kelisim-shartty búzushy siyaqty negizsiz jala jauyp, qaryzdy qysqartu turaly talap qoyady. Onymen qoymay, S.Huseyn Kuveytke qarasty aimaqtaghy strategiyalyq manyzy bar Varba jәne Bubiyan araldaryn tartyp alghysy keldi. Ózining egemendigin qorghamaqshy bolghan Kuveytke Irak soghys ashyp, basyp aldy. Parsy shyghanaghynda tuyndaghan halyqaralyq shiyelenisti retteuge BÚÚ arnayy mandat arqyly AQSh-qa әskery operasiya jýrgizuge rúqsat berdi. 1990 jyly 29 qarashada BÚÚ Qauipsizdik Kenesi qarar qabyldap, Irakqa qarsy yqpal etuding barlyq mýmkin sharalaryn Jarghygha sәikes qoldanudy maqúldady. AQSh bastaghan kópúltty NATO әs­keri «Shóldegi dauyl» operasiyasyn sәtti jýrgizdi, nәtiyjesinde, Kuveytting tәuelsizdigi qalpyna keldi, Irak BÚÚ talaptaryn moyyndaugha mәjbýr boldy. 
Kuveytke shabuyl jasamas búryn soghysqúmar S.Huseyn Iranmen úzaq jyl soghysty. Kórshi eldermen soghysyp qana qoymay, qanqúily biyleushi Iraktyng ishindegi ózge últtargha qatysty genosid jasap, әskery qylmysker atandy. Ol 1983 jyly jaz ailarynda kýrdterding barzan taypasynyng 15 jasqa tolghan erkek kindiktilerin jappay óltirip, genosid jasady. 1987-1989 jyldary Soltýstik Irakty mekendeytin kýrdterdi qyryp-joy maqsatynda Anfali atty (arabsha «olja» degen maghyna beredi) jasyryn baghdarlama jýrgizip, oghan S.Huseynning tuysy Aly Hasan әl-Mәjid (laqap aty «Himiyalyq Aliy») basshylyq etti. Ol Balisan, Karadag, Yahsomer, Halabdj atty kýrdterding eldi mekenderin asa uly ipriyt, zariyn, tabun, VX gazdaryn qoldanu arqyly bom­bylatyp, jappay qyrdy. Múnday bas­syz­dyqqa býkil әlem narazylyghyn bildirip jatqanda, KSRO ghana ýndemey, qalys qaldy. Human Rights Watch jәne Halyqaralyq amnistiya úiym­darynyng esebi boyynsha qanisherlik әreketten 182 myng kýrd ólgen, 5 myng kýrd auyly jermen-jeksen etilip joyylghan, 4700 kýrd konslagerilerge toghytylghan, 1 mln. as­tam kýrd bosqyngha ainalghan. Jogharyda atalghan qylmystardyng bәri BÚÚ arnayy qarar qabyldap, AQSh pen NATO әskerine «Shóldegi dauyl» operasiyasyn jýrgizuge rúqsat beruine yqpal etti.
S.Huseyn jappay qyryp-joyshy atom qaruyn iyelenuge birneshe ret talpynys jasady. Iraktyng Fransiyadan satyp alghan atom reaktorlaryn AQSh Ortalyq barlau basqarmasy men Izrailiding «Mossad» barlaushylary birigip jýrgizgen «Opera», «Vavilon» operasiyalary arqyly joyghan. 1981 jyly 7 shilde kýni «Osirak» atom reaktory bombylanyp, joyyldy. «Shóldegi dauyldan» keyin tәubesine kelgen S.Huseyn aitqangha kónip, BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesining №687 qararyna sәikes jappay qyryp-joyatyn qarudy qadaghalau talaptaryn oryndaytynyn mәlimdedi. BÚÚ Arnayy komissiyasy Irakqa kelip, himiyalyq, yadrolyq, bakteriologiyalyq qarulardy, alys qashyqtyqqa úshatyn zymyrandardy әzirleudi dogharu men joi baghytynda júmys jýrgizdi. Komissiyanyng belsendi júmys jýrgizuinen qauiptendi me, әlde basqa sebep boldy ma, Irak biyligi 1998 jyly BÚÚ yntymaqtasudan bas tartty. S.Huseynning búl әreketi әlemdik qauymdastyq tarapynan kýdik pen qauipti kýsheytti. 2011 jylghy 11 qyrkýiektegi AQSh-ta bolghan te­raktiler seriyasynan keyin Irakqa qatysty kýdik odan sayyn kýsheye týsti. Búghan qosa, S.Huseyn «Ál-Qaida» terroristik úiymymen baylanysy bar degen qaueset te tarap ketti. Odan keyingi hal-ahualdyng qalay órbigeni barshamyzgha belgili. AQSh jәne onyng odaqtastary 2003 jyly 20 nauryzda «Irak bostandyghy» atty әskery operasiyagha kiristi. Búl operasiya partizandyq soghys, teraktiler jasau siyaqty qiyndyqtargha tireldi. Soghan qaramastan, S.Huseynning әskeriy-sayasy rejiymi talqandaldy, 2003 jyly 13 jeltoqsanda Tikrit qalasynan 15 shaqyrym jerdegi Ad-daur eldi mekeninde 2 metr terendiktegi bunkerge tyghylghan S.Huseyn janydaghy eki serigimen birge qolgha týsti. Olardan eki avtomat, bir piys­tolet, 750 myng AQSh dollary tәrkilendi. 2005 jylghy 19 qazanda S.Huseyn 14 týrli aiyptaumen sottaldy. Ayyptaulardyng kóbisi әskery qylmystargha, genosid pen repressiyagha qatysty boldy. Jasaghan qylmystarynyng auyrlyghyna baylanysty sot oghan dargha asu arqyly oryndalatyn ólim jazasyn kesti. Ýkim 2006 jyly 30 jeltoqsanda oryndaldy.
2004 jyly BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesi №1637, 1723, 1790 qararlaryn qabyldap, Irakta sheteldik koalisiyalyq әsker endiruge sanksiya berdi. 2007 jyly 10 qantarda «Ýlken tolqyn» atty jana operasiya bastaldy. 2008 jyly BÚÚ mandaty bituine baylanysty koalisiyalyq әskerding basym bóligi Iraktan shygharyldy, Iraktyng qauipsizdik organdary eldegi jaghdaydy túraqtandyratyn jaghdaygha jetti. 2010 jyly 1 qyrkýiekte «Irak bostandyghy» operasiyasy resmy týrde ayaqtalyp, «Jana tan» atty operasiyasy iske qosylyp, elding qauipsizdigin Irak әskery kýshterine tapsyru bastaldy. 2011 jylghy 15 jeltoqsannan bastap AQSh 9 jylgha sozylghan irak nauqanyn ayaqtady. AQSh-tyng Irak soghysyna qatysuy, S.Huseyndi jasaghan qylmystary ýshin sot arqyly jazalauyna qatysty pikir de kereghar. Bireuler AQSh-ty jaqtasa, endi bireuleri aiyptaydy. Biraq, Amerikagha jaghymsyz kózqarastaghylar myna bir aqiqat jaghdaydy kópe-kórneu es­ker­gileri kelmeydi: eger de, S.Huseyn demokratiyany qoldap, zandy saqtap, genosid pen repressiya jasamay, gumandy da beybit sayasat jýrgizgen bolsa, AQSh-tyng da, NATO-nyng da, BÚÚ-nyng da Irakta sharuasy bolmaytyn edi. 
AQSh-ty aiyptaushylardyng jaqsy kóretin taqyryptarynyng biri – Aughanstan. «Halyqaralyq terrorizmmen kýres, әl-Qaida men Usama ben Ladendi joi siyaq­ty jeleumen amerikandyqtar aughan eline basqynshylyq jasady» deytin pikirlerdi jii estip jatamyz. Alayda, «demokratiyalyq aughan halqyna kómek», «internasionaldyq boryshty óteu» degen úrandarmen kezinde KSRO da Aughanstangha әsker endirip, onyng ayaghy onjyldyq soghysqa (1979-1989) úlasqanyn antiamerikanister esterinen shygharghan synayly. Soghystan kóz ashpaghan, kedeylikten siniri shyghyp, bilim men mәdeniyetten maqúrym qalghan Aughanstangha sheteldikter nege әsker kirgizuge qúmar? Keybireuler Aughanstan manyzdy geosayasy aimaq, Qytay, Ýndistan, Pәkstan, Resey siyaqty yadrolyq klubqa mýshe, әleueti de zor elderding qoltyghyna kirip ketip, kenirdekke qanjar tireuge qolayly deydi. Alayda, AQSh-tyng Aughanstangha әsker engizuining alghysharttaryn tal­dasaq, geosayasy faktordan góri, әlemdi alandatatyn, ghalamdyq qauipsizdikke qater tóndirerlik dәrejege deyin shiyelenisken ishki problemalar sheshushi ról oinaghanyn bayqau qiyn emes. KSRO 1989 jyly әskerin shygharyp әketken son, Aughanstandaghy «demokratiyalyq» biylikting dәureni bes-alty jyl ghana boldy. Ómirden de, sayasattan da jaqsylyq kórmegen halyq tek dinge ýmit artatyn dengeyge jetedi. Aughan halqy arasynda Taliban islamistik qozghalysynyng tez arada bedel men biylikke ie boluyna osynday ruhaniy-sayasy daghdarys qosymsha әser etti.
Taliban – (pushtu tilinde «medresede tәlim alushylar» degen maghyna beredi) aughandyq pushtundardyng arasynda 1994 jyly tuyndaghan islamistik qozghalys. Talibandar 1996-2001 jyldary «Aughan islam әmirligin qúryp», Aughanstandy biylep-tóstegen sayasy kýshke ainaldy. Diplomatiyalyq túrghyda Birikken Arab Ámirlikteri, Pәkstan, Saud Arabiyasy olardyng memlekettiligin moyyndady, ózge elder ala kózben qarady. Taliban ózining baqylauyndaghy aimaqtarda diny totalitarizm ornatyp, qogham ómirine sharighat normalaryn engizdi. Sharighat zandarynyng saqtaluy talibter tarapynan qatang baqylaugha alynyp, teledidar kóruge, muzyka tyndaugha, muzykalyq aspaptarda oinaugha, suret salugha, alkogoli tútynugha, kompiuter men internetti paydalanugha, shahmat oinaugha, arsyz әngimeler aitugha tyiym salyndy. Sonday-aq, talibterding tuy aq bolghandyqtan, aq týstik ayaq kiyim kiygender jazagha úshyrady. Er adamdar belgili bir úzyndyqtaghy saqal qoiygha mindetti boldy. Al, әielder qoghamdyq oryndarda betin jauyp jýrui tiyis, jalghyz emes, tuys er-azamatqa erip jýrui kerek. Áyel zatyna júmys isteuge tyiym salyndy, qyz-kelinshekter tek qana әiel dәrigerge qaraluy qajet. Nәzik jandylardyng bilim aluyna da shekteu qoyyldy. 2001 jyly 26 aqpanda molda Mohammed Omar Aughanstandaghy barlyq islamy emes eskertkishterdi qiratu turaly jarlyq berdi. Sol jyly 2 nauryzdan bastap Bamian alqabyndaghy YuNESKO qorghauyndaghy әlemdik mәdeny múra sanalatyn tarihy eskertkishter – taugha qashalghan Buddagha arnalghan eki alyp eskertkish (birining boyy – 55, ekinshisi – 37 metr) talqandala bastady. Talibter eskertkishterdi neshe týrli qaru-jaraqpen atqylady, minamen jardy, raketamen de atty. Búl aiuandyq әreket әlem nazaryn audartyp, barsha adamzattyng narazylyghyn tughyzdy. Talibandar shetelderdegi ekstremistik, terroristik úiymdardy, separatistik qozghalystardy qoldaytyndaryn ashyq mәlimdedi. Ekinshi sheshen soghysy kezinde, 1999 jyly kýzde Taliban basshylyghy Resey federaldy әskerimen soghysyp jatqan sheshen sarbazdaryna 4 million AQSh dollaryn, 24 zenittik-zymyrandyq keshender jiberu turaly sheshim qabyldaghan. Onymen qoymay, әlemdegi barlyq músylmandardy Sheshenstannyng tәuelsizdigin moyyndaugha, orys kәpirlerine qarsy qasiytetti soghysqa (jihadqa) qatysugha shaqyrdy. 2000 jyly mamyr aiynda Resey preziydentining kómekshisi Sergey Yastrjembskiy Aughanstandaghy terrorister bazalaryna soqqy beru mýmkindigi turaly mә­limdese, Qauipsizdik kenesining hatshysy Sergey Ivanov talibandar Tәjikstan, Qyrghyzstan siyaqty odaqtastaryna qysym jasaytyn bolsa, Reseyding әskery is-sharalar jasaytynyn aitty. Biraq, ol kezde Resey óte әlsiz bolatyn, biylik basyna janadan kelgen V.Putin sheshendermen kýresuge basymdyq berip, Aughanstanmen alysugha shamasy da, múrshasy da bolmady. Osylaysha islamdy tu etip, sharighatty qalqan etken talibtik Aughanstan ha­lyqaralyq terrorizmdi qoldaushy әri dayyndaushy el deytin qoghamdyq pikir qalyptasty. BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesi de taliban qozghalysyn terroristik úiym dep aiqyndady.
Talibter zayyrly bilim beretin mek­tepterding barlyghyn jauyp tastaugha tyrysty. Olar ózderining sayasatyn qarjy-qarajatpen qamtamasyz etu ýshin narkotik óndirisine keng jol ashty. Óitkeni, ondaghan jyldyq soghystardan Aughanstan ekonomikasy da, halqy әbden tityqtap, qaljyraghan edi. Islam men sharighatty betperde etip jamylghan talib ókimeti haram әreketterge deyin bardy: opiumdy mak ósirip, geroin óndiruden basqa aughandyqtardyng qolynan keler kәsip týri joq ekenin sezip, adamzatqa ajal sebushi narkobiznesti ózderining baqylauyna aldy. 1999 jyly 15 qazanda BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesi №1267 qararyn qabyldap, talibter baqylauyndaghy Au­ghanstanda opium óndiru kýrt ósip ketuine alandaushylyq bildirdi. Talibandar Aughan­standy geroin óndirushi әlemdik liyderge ainaldyrdy. Resey strategiyalyq zertteuler institutynyng mәlimetine sýiensek, Aughanstanda 1996 jyly 2248 tonna geroin óndirilse, 1999 jyly 4565 tonna geroiyngha, yaghni, eki esege ósken. Al, sheteldik sarapshylar Aughanstan 1999 jyly әlemdegi barlyq geroinning 79% óndirgenin, opiumdy mak egetin egistik kólemi 57 myng gektardan 91,5 myng gektargha artqanyn kórsetedi. Tipten, sharualargha biday eguge tyiym salynsa, apiyn magyn egushiler kerisinshe, aqshalay syiaqy alatyn bolghan. Talibter mak egu men satugha 10%, opium óndiru men satugha 20% resmy salyq endirgen. Osynday bassyzdyqtan Ortalyq Aziya, Resey, Shyghys Europa elderin basyp ótetin narkotrafikter kýsheyip ketti. Narkobiznes damyp, әlemdegi narkomandardyng sany kýrt ósti. Aynalyp kelgende, múnyng barlyghy narkoqylmystardyng artuyna, ghalamdyq túraqtylyq pen qauipsizdikke qater tóndire bastady. Osylaysha talibandar әlemdik qauymdastyqtyng ortaq jauyna ainaldy, olardy ornyna qoyatyn jalghyz ghana kýsh – AQSh bastaghan NATO ekeni belgili bola bastady. 2011 jylghy 11 qyrkýiektegi AQSh-ta bolghan teraktiler seriyasy shydamnyng shegine jetken qayghyly jaghdaygha ainaldy. AQSh kóp úzamay ha­lyqaralyq terrorizmmen kýresuge baghyt­talghan «Búzylmaytyn bostandyq» atty keshendi әskery operasiyany bastady (bes baghytty: Aughanstan, Filippiyn, Afrika mýiisi, Batys Sahara, Gruziyadaghy Pankis shatqaly). AQSh-tyng bastamasyn әlem qoldady. BÚÚ Qauipsizdik kenesi №1386 qararyn qabyldap, AQSh bastaghan Au­ghanstandaghy qauipsizdikke jәrdemdesushi halyqaralyq kýshterding әskery operasiyasyna rúqsat berdi. Yaghni, Aughanstandaghy talibterding rejiymin әskery kýshpen joydy, onyng ornyna demokratiyalyq basqaru jýzege asatyn, zang men qúqyqqa negizdelgen beybit qogham qúrudy jalghyz AQSh emes, býkil әlem qalap otyr.
AQSh-ty basqynshy dep sanaushylar «Týrli-týsti tónkerister» men «Arab kóktemin» amerikandyqtar úiymdastyrdy deuden de tayynbaydy. Ádette, kinә taghushylar mәselening bayybyna barmay jatyp, baybalam salghysh keledi. Shynyna kelsek, «Týrli-týsti tónkeristerdin» de, «Arab kókteminin» de týpki mәni – biylikting halyq seniminen aiyrylyp, ózining legitimdiligin joghaltuy. Múny sayasy tilde delegitimdenu dep ataydy. Delegitimdenudin, yaghni, biy­likting halyq seniminen aiyrylyp, óz legitimdiligin joghaltuynyng basty sebepteri: 
1) qoghamdaghy әmbebap qúndylyqtar men biyleushi elitanyng egoistik mýd­delerining qayshylyqqa týsui. She­neunikter qaraqan bastarynyng mýddesin últtyq mýddeden joghary qoyyp, sybaylas jemqorlyqqa salynuy qoghamnyng narazylyghyn tughyzady; 
2) demokratiya iydeyasy men әleumettik-sayasy tәjiriybening arasyndaghy qay­shylyq. Biylik ózining legitimdiligi azay­ghan sayyn jantalasyp, biylikten aiyrylyp qalmaudyng joldaryn izdes­tire bastaydy, adamnyng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn ayaqqa taptap, sóz bostandyghyn shektep, oppozisiyagha qatty qysym kórsetedi, bógde oidaghylardy (dissiydentterdi) qatang jazalaugha kóshedi. Demokratiyalyq iydeyalar memleket terrorynyng tasasynda qalady; 
3) sayasy jýie auqymynda halyqtyng mýddesin kózdeytin mehanizmderding bolmauy; 
4) sybaylas jemqorlyq pen bu­rokratiyanyng beleng aluy;
5) kóp últty memleketterde shovinizm, etnikalyq separatizm, ekstremizm siyaqty jaghymsyz qúbylystardyng tuyndauy; 
6) biyleushi elitanyng ózindik senimi joghalyp, klandyq, traybalistik jik­shil­dikting terendeui; 
7) biylik tarmaqtary arasyndaghy qayshylyqtar, vedomstvo aralyq teke-tiresterding kóbengi;
8) biylik organdary men qylmys әlemining sybaylasyp, auyz jalasyp ketui.
Biylik legitimdiligining daghdarysyna alyp keletin sebepter san-aluan, biraq, olardyng barlyghyna halyqtyng biylikke qatysty narazylyq (protestik) kónil-kýii tәn. Mysaly, saylaudyn, referendum men plebissitting әdil ótpeui, inflyasiya men devalivasiyanyng әserinen bolatyn qymbatshylyqtan túrmys tauqymetining qiyndauy, júmyssyzdyq, qylmystyng órshui, ómir sapasynyng tómendeui, t.b. sayasi, ekonomikalyq, әleumettik sipattaghy týrli sebepter halyqtyng narazylyghyn tudyrady. Biylik legitimdiligining resurstary sarqylghan sayyn halyq narazylyghy ósuimen qatar, oppozisiyalyq kýshterding qoghamdyq qoldaugha ie bolyp, tez kýshei­ine yqpal etedi. Narazy halyq pen oppo­zisiyanyng maqsat-mýddesi týiisken kezde resmy biylikke talap-tilekter qoiy bas­talady. Ádette, «halyqtyng seni­min aqtamaghan biylik otstavkagha ketui tiyis»,  «jalaqyny, týrli әleumettik tólemderdi kóteru kerek», «salyqtardy tómendetu qajet», t.b. talaptar qoyylady. Biylik múnday talaptardy qanaghattandyra almasa, narazylyq odan sayyn kýsheyip, ashynghan tobyr radikaldy is-әreketke kóshedi. Múnyng sony jappay búzaqylyqtar, ereuilder, qarsylyq aksiyalaryna úlasyp, asqynghan jaghdayda tónkerister men azamat soghysyna deyin órship ketu qaupi bar. Búghan songhy jyldary әlemning týrli elderinde bolghan Qyrghyzstan men Gruziyadaghy týrli-týsti tónkerister, «arab kóktemi», ukrainalyq maydan men «gibridti soghys», Euroodaq elderindegi kәsipodaqtardyng úiymdastyruymen ótetin júmysshylardyng jappay ereuilge shyghuy jatady. Endi osylargha qysqasha toqtala keteyik.
Týrli-týsti tónkerister – biylikti kýsh qoldanbay qúlatudyng tehnologiyasy sanalady. Týrli-týsti atalu sebebi – әr eldegi biylikke qarsy shyghushylar belgili bir ashyq týsti (sary, qyzghylt, al qyzyl, kógildir, aq, ashyq jasyl) bostandyq ýshin kýresting simvoly etip tandauy. Osynday tónkeristerding nәtiyjesinde postsosialistik lageri elderining kóbisinde (KSRO, Shyghys Europa, arab әlemi) sayasy rejimder auysty. Olardyng hronikasyn retimen aitsaq mynaday: 1989 jyl – Chehoslovakiyadaghy barqyt revolusiya; 2000 jyl – Yugoslaviyadaghy bulidozerlik revolusiya; 2003 jyl – Gruziyada «raushan tónkerisi» – «vardebis revolusiya»; 2004 jyl – Ukrainadaghy qyzghylt revolusiya; 2005 jyl – Qyrghyzstandaghy maqpal revolusiya; 2005 jyl – Ózbekstanda týrli-týsti tónkeris jasaugha talpynys boldy; 2005 jyl – Livandaghy kedr revolusiyasy; 2006 jyl – Belorussiyada vasiylek (kóktiken gýl – egin arasynda ósetin ashyq kók gýldi aramshópterding bir týri) revolusiyasyn jasaugha úmtylys boldy; 2008 jyl – Armeniyada da týrli-týsti tónkeris jasau әreketteri bayqaldy; 2009 jyl – Moldaviyada týrli-týsti tónkeris; 2010 jyl – Qyrghyzstanda ekinshi tónkeris – Qauyn revolusiyasy – (Halyq tónkerisi). Búl atalghan elderding barlyghyndaghy halyq narazylyghynyng sebepteri - biylikting әdiletsizdigi men jauapsyzdyghy, biliksizdigi men ashkóz jemqorlyghy. Yaghni, negizinen ishki sayasy sebepter sheshushi ról oinady. Eger biylik әdiletti, últjandy, patriotty bolyp, el-júrtyn oilasa, halyq ta onday biylikti qúrmetteydi. Halyq biylikke razy bolsa, AQSh túrmaq, saytan kelip azghyrsa da, eshqanday tónkeris jasamaydy.  
2014 jyly «Euromaydan» dep atalghan, Ukrainada tuyndaghan jana tónkeris Euroodaq pen Keden Odaghynyng qaysysyna qosylamyz degen sayasy daudan tuyndady. Onyng ayaghy Reseyding yqpalymen Ukrainanyng Batys-Shyghys bolyp bóli­nuine, Qyrymdy Reseyding anneksiyalap, ózine qosyp aluyna úlasty. Resey ózining basqynshylyghyn eshqashan moyyndaghan emes, moyyndamaydy da. Halyqaralyq qúqyq normalaryn ayaqqa taptaghan búl әdiletsizdik әlemdik qauymdastyqtyng nara­zylyghyn tughyzyp otyr. Taghy da sol, kýshti el әlsizge әlimjettilik jasay bastasa, oghan AQSh bastaghan Batys elderi qarsy túrady. Qazir Reseyge qarsy ekonomikalyq sanksiyalar jasaluynyng da syry osynda. Eger Resey bәleli jerge barmaghyn súqpay, býlingen jerden býldirgi almay, Ukrainagha tiyispese, oghan AQSh ta, Europa da tiyispes edi. Ekonomikalyq daghdarys ta, alasapyran soghys ta bolmas edi.
Al, «Arab kóktemi» bolsa, arab әleminde 2010 jyldyng ayaghynda bastau alghan demonstrasiyalar men býlikterding (bir top adamnyng memlekettik tónkeris jasau maqsatymen etken әreketi) tolqyny. 2010 jyly 18 jeltoqsanda Tuniste Mohammed Buazizy eldegi korrupsiya men alym-salyqtardyng auyr­lyghyna narazylyq retinde ózin-ózi órtep jiberdi. Onyng janqiyarlyq әreketi tunistikterding jappay bas kóteruine yqpal etip, ayaghy tónkeriske úlasty. Qysqa merzim ishinde halyq narazylyqtary kórshi arab elderine jayylyp, 2011 jyly kóktemde Aljiyr, Iordaniya, Egiypet, Yemen elderinde tónkeris boldy. 
«Arab kókteminin» keng etek jangyna әser etken faktorlar: arab elderining kóbisinde eldi biyleushiler 30-40 jyl boyy auyspay úzaghynan otyruy, sybaylas jemqorlyqtan memlekettik apparattyng irip-shirui, ekonomikanyng qúldyrauy, halyqtyng әleumettik hal-ahualy tómendep ketui. Ásirese, músylmandar júma kýni meshitke júma namazyna jappay jinalatyn kýn bolghandyqtan, diny ghibadattan keyin kýshti úiymdasqan sheruler men qarsylyq aksiyalary kóp bolghan. «Arab kókteminin» nәtiyjesinde halyq tolquynan tórt elding biyligi qúlady: 2011 jylghy 14 qantarda Tunis preziydenti Zin әl-Abidin Ben Aly bas saughalap Saud Arabiyasyna qashty. Egiypette 2011 jylghy qantardyng ortasynan bastap 18 kýnge sozylghan halyqtyng qarsylyq aksiyalarynan son, 2011 jylghy 11 aqpanda 30 jyl el preziydenti bolghan Hosny Mubarak otstavkagha ketti. Liviyany 40 jyldan astam biylegen harizmaly liyder Muammar Kaddafy 2011 jyly 23 tamyzda biyliginen aiyrylyp, sol jyly 20 qazanda ózi dýniyege kelgen Sirt qalasynda Últtyq ótpeli kenesting sarbazdary qolynan qaza tapty. Yemen preziydenti Aly Abdalla Saleh 2012 jyly 27 aqpanda ózining biyliginen aiyryldy. Sonymen qatar, Oman, Marokko, Iordaniya, Sudan, Mavritaniya, Djibuti, Livan, Batys Sahara, Kuveyt, Saud Arabiyasynda biylikke qatty qarsylyq kórsetken halyq tolqulary boldy. Iordaniya, Kuveyt, Saud Arabiyasy siyaqty keybir ekonomikasy kýshti, bay arab elderi halyqqa qarjylay kómek beru, qomaqty ótemaqylar tóleu arqyly búqara narazylyghynyng betin qaytardy. «Arab kókteminin» zardaptary әli kýnge deyin joyylghan joq, arab elderi daghdarys pen azamat soghysy jaghdayyn bastan ótkerude. 
Qorytyp aitar bolsaq, býgingi tandaghy әlemdik sayasatta AQSh-tyng gegemondyghy anyq bayqalady. Álemdik sayasattaghy Amerikanyng aralasqan dau-janjaldary kóbinese halyqaralyq qauymdastyqtyng maqúldauymen, ótkir qajettilikten tuyndap otyrady. Adam pende bolghandyqtan, zang bolmasa, «Áy deytin aja, qoy deytin qoja» bolmasa, oiyna kelgenin istep, jayylyp ketetini bar. Sol siyaqty, «búzyq» memleketterdi de qadaghalap, bassyz­dyqtaryn tejep otyratyn bir kýsh qajet. Ókinishke qaray, osynday iygi maqsatta qúrylghan BÚÚ kóp jaghdayda dәrmensizdik tanytady. Sondyqtan, «әlemdik jandarm» rólin kóbinese AQSh pen NATO elderi atqarugha mәjbýr. Búl – búltartpas fakt. 

Seyilbek MÚSATAEV, 
әl-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq uniyversiyteti Sayasattanu kafedrasynyng professory, sayasy ghylymdarynyng doktory.

Abay.kz 

0 pikir

Ýzdik materialdar

Alghys aitu kýni

Alghys aitu kýni jәne onyng shyghu tarihy

Jomartbek Núrman 1559
Alashorda

Qojanov mejeleu nauqanynda (Jalghasy)

Beybit Qoyshybaev 2249
Ghibyrat

Qaysar ruhty ghaziz jan

Múhtar Qúl-Múhammed 3499