Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Qogham 11709 1 pikir 1 Aqpan, 2016 saghat 09:13

QAZAQTYNG DÁSTÝRLI DINI ISLAMGhA QAYShY MA?

Bizding tarapymyzdan QMDB atynan uaghyz aityp jýrgen A.Quanyshbaev men A.Smanovtargha qarsy jazylghan maqalamyzdyng týp maqsatyn birshama kisiler dúrys týsinbegenge úqsaydy, al keybireuleri uahhabiylik uaghyzdardyng qúryghyna ilikeni sonshalyqty, qazaqy bolmys degendi týsinuden qalghanyn bayqadyq. Búl qazirgi kezendegi elimizdegi diny ahualdyng qanshalyqty kýrdelenip bara jatqandyghynyng dәleli.  Eng bastysy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn joqqa shygharyp jatqan uaghyzshylardy emes, olardyng әreketterining qazaq halqynyng ruhany bolmysyna tiygizip jatqan keri yqpalyn ashyp kórsetkenim ýshin  meni kinәlady. 

Alayda, olargha renjuding de reti joq. Óitkeni, ózining dәstýrli dininen, diny tanymy negizderinen habary joq jandardyng «Islam ghúlamalary atanghan» jandardyng sózderine senbeske de ylajy joq bolatyn. Bilmegen u ishedi. Solay dep olardy keshiruge de, aityp jatqan syndaryna jauap bermeuge de bolar edi. Óitkeni, meni synaushy azamattardyng mening búl jauabymdy, oqymaytynyna, oqysa da týsinbeytinine kózim jetedi. Sebebi, arab dәstýrshildiginde, uahhabiylik tanymda Qúran ayattaryna oy jýgirtip, aqylgha salugha tyiym salynghan. Onday әreket qylmys sanalady. Onday tanymdaghy adamdargha týsindiremin dep, aramter bolu, bos әureshilik ekendigin týsinemin. Biraq, qazaqy dýniyetanymdy qoldaytyn mening pikirlesterim múny týsinbes edi. Solar ýshin búl jauapty jazugha bel budym.

Endi meni synaushylar maghan qanday kinә artyp otyr sol mәselege kezek berip kórelik. Birinshisi, mening Qúran ayattaryn búrmalap otyrghandyghym turaly syndar. «Qúran ayattarynda bayandalatyn «ruh» sózining ruhqa eshqanday qatysy joq, Jebireyil perishte», dep synaydy. «Baqara» sýresining 87 jәne 153 ayattarynda «Uә aiadnahu by ruhiy-l qudus» - «Biz ony pәk Áruaqpen, qasiyetti Áruaqpen qoldadyq» degen ayatty, múndaghy «ruhiy-qudus» Áruaq emes, Jebireyil perishte edi», - dep mening Qúran ayatyn búrmalaghanymdy algha tartady. Qúrandaghy  «Sәjde» sýresindegi myna «ruh» sózining maghynasyna ne dep jauap berer eken? Ol sýrede: «Ol adamdy lay-balshyqtan jaratty. Onyng nәsilderin bir tamshy sudan payda qyldy. Sosyn, ony ayaghynan túrghyzyp, oghan Óz ruhynan ýrledi. Ol sender ýshin qúlaq, kóz, jýrekterdi payda qyldy.»[32/8-9]. Sonday-aq, «Al-Hidjr» sýresindegi myna ayattarda «Mine, sening IYeng perishtelerge aitty: «Men adamdy belgili bir formagha keltirilgen synghyrlaghan balshyqtan jasaymyn. Men ony tik túrghyzyp, oghan Mening ruhymnan ýrlegen kezde, sender iyilip sәlem berinder»-dedi. Jәne barlyq perishterler iyilip sәlem berdi»[15/28-30]. Búl jerde «Ruh» sózining Jebireyil perishte emestigi anyq. Ras, Qúran Ibn Kasir siyaqty tәpsirshileri «Ruhtyng barsha adamzattyng ruhy ekendigin, Ruhtyn-Jebireyil perishte ekendigin aitqan. Búl Ruh pen Jebireyil perishte sabaqtasyp jatqan qúdiret ekndigin kóruimizge bolady. Olay bolsa, meni synaushy opponentter anyq din janashyry bolsa, nege osy tәpsirshiler aitqan tújyrymdargha toqtamaydy?

Ekinshi, syn  «Jýsip» sýresining 87-ayatynda «Yә tәiassu min ruhhillah» - «Allanyng Áruaghynan, Alla jaratqan Áruaqtan ýmitterindi ýzbender, bas tartpandar»- dep әmir etti. Osy ayattyng sonynda: «Innәhu lә yayassu min ruhillәhy illә qaumu-l  kәfiriyn» - «Alla jaratqan әruaqtan, Allanyng әruaghynan kәpir qauymdar ghana ýmitin ýzedi» dep, jazylghan, - degen joldargha shýiligedi. Búl jerdegi Qúran ayatyndaghy «rauhillah» sózin «ruhillah» dep búrmalaghandyghym turaly sóz qozghaydy. Búl ayattardy Ibn Abbas, Ibn Katada siyaqty ghúlamalardyng «Min ruhy Allah» dep oqyghandyghyna sýiene otyryp, «Ruhy Allah» dep jazghan bolatynmyn. Alayda, búdan ayat maghynasy ózgergen joq. Sebebi, «rauh» sózi arab tilining týsindirme sózdigindegi myna sózdermen maghynalas ekendigin kóruimizge bolady: «nasimun» - ruh, jan (dusha); «sururun»-ruh, jan (dusha); «niyghmatun» - nyghmet» Búl eki «ruh» pen «rauh» sózderining arasynda maghynalyq alshaqtyq joq ekenin kórsetedi. Búl ayattaghy «rauh Allah» sóz tirkesining «Allanyng rahmeti» degen maghyna berip túrghanyn kóruimizge bolady. Búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy, maqalada Qúran ayaty maghynasynyng búrmalanbaghandyghyna kóz jetkizuge bolady. Búl jerdegi meni synaushylardyng basty maqsaty mening qatemdi týzeu emes, Ruh-Áruaqqa qatysty tanymdy qazaq sanasynan qalayda alastatu bolyp otyrghany kýmәn tudyrmaydy. Ony «Siz kimsiz Smanov myrza?» atty maqalanyng sonyndaghy kommentterge taldau jasaghanda anyq kóruge bolady.  Ruhty-Áruaqty qoldap jazylghan kommentterding eshbirine, toqtap moyyn búrmaghan synshylardyng maqsaty qalayda qazaq halqynyng ruhany dýniyesindegi Ruh-Áruaqqa qatysty senimdi qazaq sanasynan alastau ekendigin kórmeu mýmkin emes. A.Smanov pen A.Quanyshbaev t.b. uaghyzshylardyng uaghyzdaryndaghy basty soqqy osy «Allagha serik qosu» degen syltaumen Ruh-Áruaqqa berilip jatqandyghyn kórip jýrmiz. Bizdi qolymyzgha qalam aldyryp, osy maqalalardy jazdyrugha sebep bolghan da, uaghyzshylardyng Ruh-Áruaqqa qarsy shabuyly edi. Ruh-Áruaqty joqqa shygharu qazaq halqynyng býkil islamdyq dini, ruhani, mәdeny bolmysyn tolyghymen joqqa shygharu ekendigi aita-ayta jauyr bolghan taqyrypqa ainaldy. Alayda, sol ruhanilyq degenimiz ne? – degen súraqqa jauap berilmey kele jatqan siyaqty. Qazaq halqynyng barlyq әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýri, jalpy ruhaniy-mәdeny bolmysy osy Ruh-Áruaq arqyly Ruhaniat әlemimen  sabaqtasyp, sol arqyly qalyptasqandyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Qazaqtyng din men sharighatty bólip qarastyruy da osymen tikeley baylanysty. Din – jýrektin, ruhtyng qajetin qamtamasyz etetin qúbylys, al, sharighat – tәn qajetin qamtamasyz etetin zandar jýiesi. Sol sebepti, sharighat pen tariqat arasyn «sharighat aghzanyki, tariqat jýrektiki» dep kezinde Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz ashyp bergen bolatyn. Ol óz hikmetterinde óz dәuirining shyndyghyn bylaysha sipattady:

Oraza, namaz, iman, islam qoldan ketti.

        Kýnnen kýn beter degen hadis jetti.

        Payghambar aitqandardy kelip jetti,

        Búl dýniyeni qaranghylyq basty dostar.

 

        Ghalymdar bar ilimin malgha satty,

        Bilip kórip, ózderin otqa atty.

        Ózi amal qylmay, halyqqa ilim ýiretti.

        Dýnie ýshin dinderin satty kórgin.

Yasauy zamanynyng ruhany ahualy osynday bolatyn. Osynday keri ketken dәuirdegi islam dinin qaytadan túghyryna qondyryp, әlemdegi yqpaldy kýshke ainaldyrghan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy edi. Sol kezedegi onyng basty enbegi ózine deyin jeke túlghalardyng ruhany tәjiriybesi bolyp kelgen sopylyq ilimdi tariqat dәrejesine kóterip,  jalpy halyqtyng ruhany iygiligine ainaldyrdy. Músylmandardyng materialdyq әlemnen ruhany әlemge ótuine jol kórsetti. Ol eng aldymen imandy halyqqa qaytaryp berdi. Ol óz hikmetterinde bylay deydi:

Hikmet birlәn әuual adam din bar ailady,

On segiz myng qamugh alam qayran erur.

 «Qalu bala» degen qúldar ýles aldy.

Sakut etken qúldar dini oiran bolur.

 

Haq taghala iman ata (syilady) qyldy bizga,

Auual Mústafa rasuly aidy bizga.

 Drud etsak quuat berar dinimizga,

Yoq ersa, qylghanlarym oiran erur.

Ol osylay Islam iyen Imandy halyqqa qaytaryp berdi. Onyng sansyz shәkirtteri Týrki әlemining tórt búryshyna baryp, týrikting tili men mәdeniyetining qayta qalpyna keltiruine yqpal etken bolatyn. Yasauy joly saltanat qúryp, halyqqa yqpaly ótip túrghan kezde týrki balasy әlemge biyligin jýrgizdi. Ol joldan bas tartyp, basqa diny iydeologiyagha bet búrghan kezde memleketi kýirep, ózderi etnikalyq jiktelulerge týsip, toz-toz boldy. Altyn Ordanyng kýireuinen bastap, Qazaq handyghynyng tarih sahnasynan ketkenge deyingi aralyqtaghy týrki balasynyng basynan ótkergen býkil qasireti Yasauy jolynan bas tartugha baylanysty bolghandyghyn tarihy derekter aighaqtaydy. Sonshama qasiretti basynan keshkenimen qazaqtyng ruhany әlemmen sabaqtastyghy ýzilmesten osy kýnge deyin adastyrmay kelip edi. Qazaq halqy sol sebepti dinge, jýrekke basa mәn berdi. Osyghan baylanysty Abay atamyz:

 Alla degen sóz jenil

Allagha auyz jol emes.

Yntaly jýrek, shyn kónil,

Ózgesi Haqqa qol emes, - dedi. Abay búl jerde alamnyng syrtqy ghibadatty emes, ishki ruhany ózektegi imannyng beriktigi manyzdy ekendigin aityp otyr. Al, myna óleninde bú mәseleni búdan ary terendete týsedi:

Mahabbatpen jaratqan adamzatty,

Sen de sýy ol Allany jannan tәtti.

Adamzattyng bәrin sýy bauyrym dep,

Jәne haq jol osy dep, әdiletti.

 

Osy ýsh sýy bolady imany gýl,

Imannnyng asyly ýsh dep sen taqiq bil.

Oylan daghy ýsheuin tartyp baq,

Basty bayla jolyna, malyng týgil.

 

Din de osy, shyn oilasang taghat ta osy,

Eki dýnie búl tasdiq – Haqtyng dosy.

Osylardy búzatyn jәne ýsh is bar:

Payda, maqtan, әuesqoy – onan shoshy.

 

Ruza, namaz, zeket, haj talassyz is,

Jaqsy bolsan, jaqsy tút bәrin tegis.

Bastapqy ýshin bekitpey, songhy tórti,

Qylghanmenen tatymdy bermes jemis.  

Abay atamyzdyng búl óleni qazaq dinining ózegi qayda ekendigin kórsetip otyr. Qazaq ózining ruhany bolmysynda syrtqy ghibadatqa emes, ishki ruhany ózekke, jýrektegi imannyng beriktigine basa mәn beredi. Búl degenimiz ózining iman senimindegi basty qúndylyq retinde sharighatty emes, ruhany tazalyqty joghary baghalaytynyn kórsetedi.

Al, sharighatqa qatysty syndargha keletin bolsaq, búl mәselede de mening opponentterimning qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyndaghy sharighatty emes, arab dәstýrshildigine basa mәn beretindigin kóruimizge bolady. Sózimiz jalang bolmas ýshin kommentterde jazylghan pikirlerden mysaldar keltireyik. Mysaly: «Islamdyq dәstýr sharighat úghymyn, eng aldymen, onyng Qúranda (negizinen, Mekkede týsken sýrelerde) dinge senushilerdi adamgershilik kemeldikke, pәniylik rahatqa jetkizip, júmaqqa alyp baratyn, Allah syzyp bergen tóte joldy beyneleu ýshin qoldanyluymen baylanystyrady. Búl úghymnyng jalpylama maghynasy, sonday-aq onyng Sharighat týbirinen shyghuyna da baylanysty, osy týbir Qúranda bir nәrseni mindetti týrde oryndaudy zandastyru, núsqau maghynasynda kezdesedi. Islam iydeologiyasynda sharigha termiyni men onyng sinonimderi - ash-shiyrgha jәne at-tashrigh - Islamy nemese Islamdyq (músylmandyq, Islamdyq) degen anyqtauyshtarmen tirkese otyryp jalpy tildik maghynada әrbir músylman basshylyqqa alugha tiyisti kúqyqtargha, sonday-aq onyng minez-kúlqy men niyetining tazalyghyn baghalau ýshin Allah belgilegen ólshemderge qatysty qoldanylady. Sondyqtan sharigha úghymy, kóbinese, búqaralyq týsinikte tútas alghandaghy Islamdyq ómir salty, qúramyna әrtýrli - dini, adamgershilik, zandylyq, túrmystyq ólshemderdi, sonday-aq әdet-ghúryptardy biriktiretin jalpygha ortaq Islamdyq minez-qúlyktar erejelerining jiyntyghy týrinde qabyldanady».

Búl jerde sharighattyng әri qúqyqtyq, әri ruhany mәselelerdi qamtamasyz etetin ete alatyn jýie retinde úsynylyp otyrghanyn kóruimizge bolady. Demek, bizding dindarlardyng arab dәstýrshildigin basshylyqqa alatynyn búdan ary qaray dәleldeuding qajeti joq dep bilemin.

Alayda, mening Abu Hanifa aitqan pikirlerge sýiene otyryp jasaghan tújyrymdarymnyng qatesin tapqysy kelgen Múratbek atty bauyrymyz men qoldanghan Qúran ayattaryna dúrys taldau jasamaghanymdy dәleldegisi keledi. Ol «Ey, muminder, әr birine bir sharighat, bir jol berdik. Alla qalasa, senderding barlyghyndy bir ýmmet jasar edi.»(Maida,5/48) Qúran ayatyn tolyqtyryp,
«(Múhammed Gh.S.) saghan shynayy týrde Qúrandy ózinen búrynghy kitaptardy rastaushy jәne olardy qorghaushy týrinde týsirdik. Olardyng aralaryna Allanyng ózine týsirgenimen ýkim qyl. Ózine kelgen shyndyqtan airylyp, olardyng oilaryna elikteme! Senderding әrbireulering ýshin bir jol-joba qoydyq. Eger Alla qalasa edi, barlyghyndy bir-aq ýmmet qylar edi. Alayda senderge bergen jol-jobalarynda synamaqshy. Endeshe jaqsylyqqa jarysyndar. Birtútas barar jerlering Alla jaq. Ol senderding talasqan nәrselerindi bildiredi.(48)»  týgeldep beredi de, maghan mynaday syn aitady: «Búl jerde bólininder dep túrghan joq. Búl jerde «Kim Qúran men Payghambar sýnnetinen bóliner eken, synaymyz dep túr»-deydi. Egerde osy ayatqa terenirek ýniler bolsaq, Alla Taghala bar halyq arabtardyng jolymen jýrsin demegenin, kerisinshe, Allagha berilgendikterindi dәleldeu ýshin jarysyndar» dep túrghan joq pa? taghy bir jerinde «Arabtardyng sharighaty bólek, qazaqtardyng sharighaty bólek pa sonda? – deydi. IYә, arabtardyng sharighaty qazaqtardyng sharighaty bólek. Alla Taghala dýniyede qansha halyqty jaratqan bolsa, ol halyqtargha sonsha payghambarlaryn jiberdi, olar Allanyng әmirimen sol halyqtardyng ómir sýruin qamtamasyz etu ýshin sonsha sharighatty jasady. Sondyqtan aldymen sharighat degenimiz ne? Osy mәseleni dúrystap týsinip alayyq.  Sharighat – Tәnirlik tәrtip. Úly Jaratushy on segiz myng ghalamdy jaratqanda belgili bir zandylyqtargha baghyndyryp jaratqanyn eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Býkil kýn, jer, júldyzdar әlemi sol zandylyqpen qozghalyp túr. Olardyng eshbirining ózine belgilenip berilgen traektoriyadan auytqugha qaqysy joq. Egerde olar óz baghyttarynan auytqyr bolsa, myna әlemning ómir sýrui mýmkin emestigi aitpasa da týsinikti. Sol siyaqty jer betin meken etken sansyz maqúluqattyng da belgili zandylyqtargha baghyna otyryp, ómir sýretinin belgili. Árbir adamnyng ózi bir әlem ekenine, olardyng әr birining ózindik ereksheligi barlyghyna, әrbir adam boyyndaghy milliarddaghan kletkalardyng belgili bir zandylyqpen qyzmet atqaratynyna da onsha mәn bere bermeymiz. Dýniyedegi birde-bir jaratylys Tәnirding belgilep bergen tәrtibinen tys ómir sýre almaydy. Demek, býkil on segiz myng ghalam Alla Taghalanyng belgilep bergen zany-tәrtibimen ómir sýredi. Osy zandylyqtar jýiesi-sharighat  adamzat qoghamyna da tiyesili ekendigi jәne әr halyqtyng ózine tәn ylayyqty ereksheligi barlyghy Qúran ayattarynda naqty kórsetilgen. Mysaly, «Maida» sýresining «Senderden әrbir últ ýshin (jeke) sharighat jәne jol jasap qoydyq. Eger Alla qalasa edi, barlyghyndy bir ýmmet jasar edi» 18-ayatynda Alla Taghalanyng әr últqa ózine ylayyq sharighat jәne jol bergenin kórsetip túr. Jәne әrbir halyqqa jeke-jeke payghambar jiberilgendigi bir emes, birneshe Qúran ayattarynda kórsetilgen. «Ár ýmmmet ýshin bir eskertushi bolghan edi» [35/24], «Ár qoghamnyng bir jetekshisi bar edi» [13/7], «Sonyra biz birinen song birin payghambarlarymyzdy jiberdik» [23/44], «Ol halyqtargha ózderinen bir elshi jiberilgen bolatyn» [62/2]. Mine osy ayattarda kórsetilgen basty mәsele – jer betindegi bar halyqqa payghambarlar jiberilip, solar arqyly, әr qoghamnyng ózine ylayyqty tәrtibin-sharighatyn, salt-dәstýrin Alla Taghalanyng Ózi qalyptatyrghandyghyn kóruimizge bolady. Jalpy búl mәsele «Hujrat» sýresining on ýshinshi ayatynda da «Ey, adamdar, rasynda biz senderdi bir erkek (Adam) jәne bir әielden (Hauadan) jarattyq jәne de bir-birlerinmen tanysularyng ýshin senderdi halyqtar men ru-taypalar etip qoydyq» dep aitylghan Alla Taghalanyng arnayy eskertuinen, Ózi jaratqan әrbir halyqqa menshiktep bergen ereksheliginen bas tartugha bolmaytynyn kóruimizge bolady. Abu Hanifa halyqtar arasyndaghy múnday erekshelikterding boluyn zandy dep biledi jәne shәkirtine búl mәseni bylaysha týsindiredi: «Yaghny Alla Taghalanyng dinin ózgertu turaly sóz qozghaudyng ózi artyq. Din eshqashan ózgermedi, basqa halge keltirilmedi jәne ózgertilmedi. Sharighattar bolsa, ózgerdi. Sebebi, qanshama zat keybir adamdar ýshin adal bolsa, Alla Taghala olardy basqa adamdar ýshin aram etti. Sansyz zattar bar, olardy qoldanu ýshin adamdargha әmir etti. Al, baghzy adamdargha olardy qoldanugha tyiym saldy. Demek, sharighattar kóp jәne bir-birinen aiyrmashylyqtary bar. Sharighatty oryndau – paryz. Múnymen para-par mәsele – Allanyng әmir etkenin, barlyq ýkimderin oryndau, qabyl etpegenderinen bas tartu, Allanyng qalauyna say keledi. Alla Taghalanyng әmir etkenderin tәrik etip, tyiym salghan nәrselerin jasaghan adam Alla Taghalanyng dinin tәrik etken bolar edi jәne kәpir bolar edi. Alla mýminderge paryz amaldaryn tek dindi qabyl etkennen keyin ghana paryz etti.» Demek, Alla Taghalanyng әrbir halyqqa bergen zany-sharighaty, әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýri kiyeli, qasiyetti qúndylyq. Olardan bas tartu Alla Taghalanyng Ózi bergen sharighatynan, nyghmetterinen, dininen bas tartu bolghan bolar edi.

Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz osy mәselelerdi tereninen tany bildi jәne ózine deyingi qoldanylyp kelgen arab qoghamynda qalyptasqan sharighat ýkimderinen bas tartyp, týrkining kóneden kele jatqan salt-dәstýr, әdet-ghúrypyn qaytadan qalpyna keltiruge kýsh saldy. Ol ózi salghan joldyng dúrystyghyn dәleldeu maqsatynda «Fatava-y tanbiyh» «Pәtualar kórsetkishi» atty enbegin jazdy. Osy enbekte týrkilerding әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrining Islamgha qayshy emestigin dәleldegen boluy kerek. Ol osylay ózining ústanghan baghytynyng dúrystyghyn dәleldeu jolynda bar ómirin sarp etti. Bauyr eti jalghyz balasyn óltirgende de alghan baghytynan qaytqan joq. Osy qaysarlyghy ýshin Qoja Ahmet Yasauiydi Týrkistan halqy otyz jyl boyy kóshelerde taspen atqylaghany, qorlaghany jazba derekterde bayandalady. Sol Úly túlghanyng osy janqiyarlyq enbegining arqasynda qazirgi týrki halyqtarynyng dәstýri men mәdeniyeti tarih sahnasynda qalugha mýmkindik aldy.

Alayda, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy arab sharighatynan-arab dәstýrshildiginen bas tartqanymen Islam dininen bas tartqan joq. Imangha qatysty Islamnyng bes paryzyn aldy. Olar: Iman, namaz, oraza, zeket, hajylyq. Osy bes negizge sýiene otyryp,  halyqtyng iman-senimin qalpyna keltiru jolynda qolynan kelgenining bәrin jasady. Ol Abu Hanifa siyaqty Imandy bar ghibadattyng aldyna shyghardy. Abu Hanifa bylay degen bolatyn: «Egerde týrli dinderdegi búl paryzdar iman bolsa, búlardy oryndamayynsha, olardy músylman demes edi. Alayda, Alla Taghala imandy búl amaldardan ýstin (joghary) qyldy jәne ony myna ayattarda bayan etti: «Iman etip, jaqsy amaldy tapqandar.» [Nisa, 4/122] «Kim shynymen jýzin búryp, Allagha moyyn úsynsa, onyng Allanyng qasynda syiy bar.» [Baqara, 2/112.] «Kim de kim mýmin bolghan halynda aqyretti oilasa, sol ýshin amal etse, әreketi Allanyng әmirine say bolar.» [ Isra, 17/19].  Abu Hanifanyng osy tújyrymdaryna taldau jasaghan týrik ghalymy A.Óztýrik, «Alla Taghala osylay imandy amaldan aiyrdy. Sondyqtan mýminder Allagha iman keltirgeni ýshin namaz oqyr, zeket berer, oraza tútar, hajygha barar, Allany zikir eter. Olay bolmasa, namazdarynan, zeketterinen, orazalarynan jәne qajylyqtarynan basqasy Allagha iman etu emes.»[1]- degen tújyrym jasaydy.

Jalpy, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy iman-senimde Abu Hanifa men Imam Maturidy jolynda bolghandyghyna shek keltiruge bolmaydy. Oghan dәlel retinde «Hikmetterden» qansham mysal keltiruge bolady jәne Yasauy joly negizinde qalyptasqan qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy Abu Hanifa men Imam Maturidy kózqrastarymen tolyq sәikes keletinine qarap-aq, búl úly túlghalar arasynda tyghyz baylanys bolghandyghyna kóz jetkizemiz. Endigi kezekte Abu Hanifanyng «Fiyhq al-Akbar» kitabyndaghy ústanymdardyng tolyghymen qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymynda qanshalyqty kórinis tabatynyna eki ústanymdy qatar qoyyp, salystyryp kórelik.

Abu Hanifanyng «Al-fiyhq al-Akbar» atty enbeginde Islamnyng negizgi mәselesi – Iman negizderin taldaugha arnalghan. Ol kitapta Alla Taghalanyng birligi men Alla Taghalanyng sipattaryn, Qúrannyng qoldan jaratylmaghandyghy men Payghambarlardyng Alla tarapynan jiberilgendigi, Payghambarlar múghjizasynyng shyndyghy, Alla Taghalanyng búl jaratylysty jaratpas búryn da Jaratushy bolghandyghy, «Iman» men «Islamnyn» mәni turaly mәselelerge taldau jasalady. Abu Hanifanyng «Al-fiyhq al-Akbardaghy» búl kórsetilgen ústanymdary tolyghymen qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynyng negizin qúraghanyn kóremiz. Búghan mysal retinde qazaq aqyn-jyraularynyng shygharmalaryn kóptep keltiruge bolady. Mysaly:Abu Hanifa – Allanyng oghan rizalyghy bolsyn! – ózining «Al-fiyqh ul-akbar» atty shygharmasynda «Tauhidting negizi jәne oghan senimning dúrys boluy ýshin adam bylay dep aitu kerek: Men, Alla Taghalagha, Onyng [jaratqan] perishtelerine, kitaptaryna, [jibergen] payghambarlaryna, songhy kýnning [naq] bolatynyna, jaqsylyq pen jamanshylyqtyng qadary Alla Taghaladan ekendigine, ólgennen keyin qayta tiriluge [kәmil] sendim. Jәne esep kýninin, mizan tarazysynyn, peyish pen tozaqtyn, syrattyng bar ekendigin rastaymyn».[2]. Al, búl tújyrymdar  qazaq halqynyng diny tanymynda qalay kórinis tapqandyghyn Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeevting shygharmalaryndaghy myna joldar kórsetedi:

Bir Alla serigi joq, Jalghyz ózi,

Onyng joq ata-anasy, úly-qyzy.

Tumaydy, ózi eshkimnen tuylmady,

Osylay «Qul hua Alla» -Qúran sózi.

Dýniyede oghan jan joq tendes oghan,

Ózining zaqymynan qaium túrghan.

Bolmaydy mysal qylyp eshnәrsege,

Menzemes esh nәrsege jatqan, túrghan[3].

Búl joldar jogharyda keltirilgen Abu Hanifanyng – Allanyng oghan rizalyghy bolsyn! – Tauhid turaly aitqandarymen tolyq sәikes keletinin kóruge bolady. Sonymen birge, avtordyng Allanyng sipattaryn da aityp ótkendigin kóremiz.

Búl oy Abyl Tileuúlynyng myna shygharmasynda bylaysha tolyqtyryla týsedi:

Allanyng ilanamyz birligine,

Kónilding kýiinemiz kirligine.

«Qúday bir, Qúran shyn» dep haq bilmese,

Beyghapyl sol pendening tirligi de.

Allanyng atasy joq, anasy joq,

Ózimen birge tughan aghasy joq.

Jaratqan júmla jandy jalghyz ózi –

Eshkimning onymenen talasy joq.

Allanyng ghajap etem sheberine,

Pendening oiy jetpes ólerine.

Júmla jan «ne bol» deseng sol bolady,

Haq-kәmil, pendesining kónerine.[4] 

Búl joldarda Abu Hanifanyn– Allanyng oghan rizalyghy bolsyn! – Tauhiydqa-Allanyng birligine qatysty oilary tolyghymen kórinis tabuymen qatar, qadar-taghdyr mәselesin de aitqanyn kóremiz. Búl óleng joldary bir jaghynan Abu Hanifa pikirin qazaq sanasyna qonarlyqtay etip, týsindirip túrsa, ekinshi jaghynan, Qúran Kәrimdegi «Yqylas» sýresindegi «Alla – Jalghyz. Alla – mәngi» (112:1,2)ayattargha da taldau jasalyp túrghanyn kóruge bolady. Sonymen qatar, búl óleng joldarynda «Ol – birinshi jәne songhy, Ol anyq jәne qasiyetti. Ol barlyq jaratylystardy basqarady» (57:3) degen Qúran ayatynda aitylatyn Allanyng mәngilik «Al-Qadiym» sipatyn da bayandap túrghanyna kóz jetkizemiz.

Shegebay Bektasúly atty Syr sýleyining Qaljan ahungha aitqan myna óleninde Tәnirding ózi jaratqan adam balasyna tura jolmen jýrsin dep qanshalyqty qamqorlyq jasaghany bylaysha jyrlanady:

Egesi kýlli ghalamnyng pәky Samad.

Qúranda bir atyndy deydi Ahad.

Bismilla atyng úlyq by farauan

Jazylmay qalam úshy airyldy shart.

Jaratyp eki dýniyeni qúdiretinmen,

Keltirding búl fәnigha ne ghayrizat.

Aqiqat padisha ózing әste intihatsyz

Teng birdey qarauynda bar maqluqat.

Bildirip barlyghyndy, kórsetting jol.

Zabur men Injil, Qúran jәne Taurat.

Qolyna Mústafanyng kelip Qúran,

Áshkere músylmandyq etken abat[5]

Alla taghalanyng Úlylyghy men Mәngiligi, Qúdirettiligi, jalpy bar sipaty qazaq aqyn-jyraulary shygharmalarynda tolyq kórinis tapty jәne olardyng barlyghy halyq jýreginen ornyn tauyp, qazaq halqynyng iman birligin qalyptastyrugha ólsheusiz qyzmet etti.

Qazaq halqynyng diny tanymynyng negizgi ózegining biri – Múhammet Payghambar – Allanyng oghan madaghy men sәlemi bolsyn! – obrazy qazaq aqyn-jyraulary shygharmalarynda keninen jyrlandy jәne onyng adamzat tarihyndaghy rolining qanshalyqty zor bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Jәne ol jyr-dastandardaghy Payghambar – Allanyng oghan madaghy men sәlemi bolsyn! -  obrazy Qúran ayattarynda bayandalatyn mazmúnmen tolyq say keletinin kóremiz. Mysaly, Shәdi tóre Jәngirúlynyng «Nazym siyar Shәrip» atty dastanynda bylay jyrlanady:

Ghalamnan on segiz myng әuuel búryn,                                                     

Jaratty Payghambardyng Alla núryn.

Áueli Jappar Alla núrym degen

Haqynda dәlel boldy hadis múnyn.

Aspan, jer, gharshy, kýrsi, kýlli ghalam,

Syidyrghan jәnnәt, tozaq bәrin tamam,

Ol núrdyng fazylymen payda boldy.

Jaralghan on segiz myng kýlli ghalam[6]

Shәdi aqynnyng búl aitqany oidan shygharylghan emes. Qúran ayattarynda negizi bar sóz. Qúran Kәrimning «Anbiya» sýresining 107 ayatynda bylay delinedi: «Ey, Múhammed! Rasynda, Biz Sizdi barlyq әlemderge tek qana rahmet etip jiberdik». Payghambardyng – Allanyng oghan madaghy men sәlemi bolsyn! - «Seni jaratpasam, qalghan dýniyeni jaratpas edim» degen hadiysi bar. Osy  oi-pikir qazaq aqyn-jyraularyna ortaq jәne barlyghy derlik Múhammet Payghambardy – Allanyng oghan madaghy men sәlemi bolsyn! – bar maqluqattan joghar qoyatynyn kóremiz. Osy Shәdi tóre Jәngirúlynyng jazghany Shal aqynnyn, yaghny Tileuke Qúlekeúlynyng shygharmasynda shamaly basqasha týrde qaytalanatynyn kóremiz:

Jaratqan Múhammedting núryn Qúday,

Ghalamnan on segiz myng búryn Qúday.

Óz qandasyn ózine dosty qylyp,

Múnday artyq sýier me, qúlyn Qúday?

Áueli Qúday payghambar núryn qylghan,

Ghalamnan on segiz myng búryn qylghan.

Núrynan eki tamshy núryn alyp,

Eki tamshy núrdan ay men kýnin qylghan.

Segiz újmaq ýlkeni "dәuir zeyil" qarar,

Qúday qalap shaqyrsa әrkim barar.

Eng kishisi újmaqtyng "mau dәuir" dýr,

Sonan oryn tiyse de bizge jarar.

Qarasa Anas, Ahmet jaqynyna[7]

Demek, qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymy negizin qaydan alatynyn, nege arqa sýieytinin osy mysaldardan kóruge bolady. Búl qazaq halqynyng diny tanymy islamgha qayshy dep jýrgen «әsire dinshilderdin» tanymynyng ózinde qatelik barlyghyn kórsetedi.

Abu Hanifanyng senim-aqidalyq ústanymdaryn ary qaray damytqan, ony ghylymy túrghydan negizdegen Imam Maturidy boldy.  Onyng qalamynan shyqqan dep esepteletin «Sharh Fiyhq-ul Akbar» atty shygharmany osy Abu Hanifanyng «Fiyhqu-l Akbar shygharmasyna» jazylghan týsindirme dep esepteytinder bar. Sonymen qatar, ol shygharmany basqa ghúlamalar jazdy deytinder de barshylyq[8]. Alayda, Imam Maturidiyding «Kitabu-t-Tauhiyd» kitabyn Abu Hanifanyng «Fiyhq al-Akbaryna» jazylghan týsindirme dep esepteuge bolady. Olay deytinimiz Abu Hanifanyng «Fiyhq-ul Akbar» shygharmasyndaghy kóterilgen mәseleler «Kitabu-t-Tauhidte» tolyghymen taldanghanyna kóz jetkizu qiyn emes. 

Imam Maturidy adam balasy ýshin dinning qanshalyqty manyzy barlyghyn tereng sezindi. Adamzat qoghamynyng dinsiz ómir sýre almasyn, ómir sýrgen kýnning ózinde ol qoghamnyng ómiri úzaq bolmasyn kóre bildi. Óitkeni, adam balasy din arqyly ózining kim ekenin, myna әlemdegi orny men qorshaghan ortamen aradaghy qatynasynyng qanday bolu kerektigin tanyp bildi. Jәne ol dinning adam balasy jaratqan qaghidasy emestigin de aiqyn sezindi. Ol ózining «Kitab at-Tauhiyd» atty kitabyn osy adam men tabighat, býkil bolmys arasyndaghy sabaqtastyq pen osy jaratylghandardyng barlyghyn jaratudaghy Tәnir Taghalanyng maqsatyn kórsetuge arnady. Sol qúdiretti adam balasyna sezindiru arqyly adamnyng jýrgeginde iman negizderin úyalatudy basty maqsat etti. Ol ózi ómir sýrgen dәuirdegi Islam qoghamyndaghy qayshylyqtardyng shyghu sebepterin kóre otyryp, sol qayshylyqtardyng shyghu negizderin retteudi ózine paryz sanady. Ol sol kezendegi Islam qoghamyndaghy qayshylyqtardyng shyghu sebepterine bylaysha taldau jasaydy: «Adamdardyng dinderge jәne mazhabtargha bólinui jaghdayynda olardyng týrli ústanymdary men kózge kórinip túrghan erekshelikteri jana dindi qabyldauda týrli aiyrmashalyqtargha úshyratatyny anyq. Óitkeni, әrqaysysy ózderining tútynatyn jolyn dúrys, basqalardyng jýrgen jolyn qate dep týsinetinin kórip jýrmiz. Sonymen birge, olardyng barlyghy búrynghy ótken úlylarynyng jolymen jýrudi dúrys kóruinde olardy biriktiretin úqsastyq bar edi.»[9] Demek, kez-kelgen halyq ózge dindi qabyldaghannyng ózinde óz ata-babalarynyng joly men úlylaryn úmyta almasyn algha tartady. Ol búl jiktelushilikting jolyn – din negizderin uaghyzdap, týsindirude naqty dәlelderge sýienu kerektigin, naqty dәlelderge sýienbegen jaghdayda jiktelushilikting jolyn kesu mýmkin emestigin eskertedi. Naqty aqyldy dәlelder arqyly dindi qabyldamaghan adamnyng imany kәmil bolmasyn aitady. Ol «dinning negizi men ol turaly týsinikti taldap bergen, aqylgha jýgingen  kisi ghana qoghamnyng senimine ie bola alady,» -degen oidy algha tartyp, onday túlghanyng Payghambar bolghandyghyn menzeydi.[10]

Sonymen qatar, Imam Maturidy dinning maqsat-múratyn adam balasyna sezindiru ýshin aldymen aqyl men naqyldyng rolin tanytugha basa mәn beredi. Ol búl turaly bylay deydi: «Barlyq adamdardyng ózderin birlestiretin dinderi men syiynatyndarynyng negizderin bilui kerek bolghandyqtan, dindi ýirenip-tanytu qúraldaryn qoldanugha degen qajettigi tuady. Olar – Naqyl men Aqyl.»[11]   Demek, adam balasynyng dindi tanyp bilui ýshin qajetti qúraldar osy ekeui. Búlardyng arasynda qanday aiyrmashylyqtar bar? Búl eki qúral biri-birinsiz qyzmet ete alady ma?-degen zandy súraq tuary anyq. Mine, osy mәselelerdi taldauda Imam Maturidiyding qanshalyqty enbek etkenin, osy kitabyn taldaghanda týsinetin bolamyz. Ol Naqyl turaly bylay deydi: «Naqyl men habar eshbir qoghamnyng qauiptenbey qoldana alatyn jәne ózgelerge erkin úsyna alatyn amaldarynyng biri. Osylaysha zattardyng jaratyluy men shyndyghyn qabyldaghandar bylay túrsyn, danagóilerding (filosof) barlyghy da bir dәle                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ldi bólisude.  Deytúrghanmen, dýniyedegi biyleushilerding basqaru jýiesi  osy negiz (aghys) ayasynda qalyptastyrylyp, olardyng әrbir qoghamdy tura jolmen jýrgizu ýshin jasaghan amaldarynyng bәri  osy negiz shenberinde jasalyp, halyqtyng ruhany birligi osy negiz sayasynda biriktiriledi. Osy negizding ruhany qaynary men hiymetin tapqandar týrli óner salalarynyng tuuyna yqpal etui de biyleushilerding eldi basqaruyna úqsaydy.»[12]  Maturidiyding búl pikiri dinning adamzat qoghamyndaghy roli qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigin, dinnen tys halyqtardyng memlekettik jýiesi de, halyqtyng ruhany bolmysy men óneri de bolmaytynyn, olardyng barlyghy osy dinmen sabaqtastyqta tuyndaytynyn kórsetip berdi. Rasyna kelgende adamzat qoghamyndaghy býkil memleketti basqaru jýiesi de, ruhany dýniyesi de, óneri de osy dinmen, dinning negizi bolyp tabylatyn naqylmen birge sabaqtastyqta damyghany, ol ýrdisting XIX- ghasyrgha deyin jalghasyp kelgendigi shyndyq bolatyn.

Alla Taghalanyng adamzat balasyn jaratuda oghan aqyl berip, ózge jaratylystardan erekshe etip jaratuynyng ózinde hikmet barlyghyn kóp adam sezine bermeydi.  Al, adamzat qoghamynyng dúrys ómir sýrui ýshin jiberilgen Alla Taghalanyng dinin qabyldau men ony aqyl tarazysyna salyp, qogham iygiligine jaratuda aqyl qúralynyng manyzdylyghy jәne jetekshi roli atqaratyndyghyn eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy.  Adam balasyn da ózge jaratylystardan erekshelip túrghan da osy aqyl. Alla Taghalanyng dindi ózge jaratylystargha emes, adam balasyna beruining ózi aqylgha baylanysty ekendigin keybir mazhab ókilderi moyyndaghysy kelmeydi. Alayda, Qúranda aqyl turaly, onyng dindi týsinudegi jәne ózgelerge týsindirudegi roli turaly mynaday ayat bar: «Ant bolsyn! Senderge ishinde eskertulerin(ýgitterin) jazylghan kitap týsirdik. Sonda da aqyldaryndy júmsamaysynda ma? Biraq ta, adamdardyng kópshiligi bilmeydi.»[13] Demek, aqyl  Allanyng kitabyn týsinip, amal qylu jolyndaghy basty qúral. Dindi, diny negizderdi qabyldauda aqyldy qoldanbayynsha adam balasynyng imany tolyq bolmaq emes. Óitkeni, adamnyng imany tolyq boluy ýshin onyng aldymen Allanyng hikmetin tanyp, úlyghyn moyyndauy kerek. Ol ýshin aqyl qúralynyng Allany tanytuda atqaratyn róli sheksiz.

Týrikterding kóne jazba eskertkishterinde aqyldyng adamzat qoghamyndaghy róli turaly jazylghan oilary týrikting kóne diny tanymynda da aqylgha basa mәn berilgenin kóruge bolady. Mysaly, «Adamdar Tәnirden kelgen qúttyng iydeyasyna sәikes әreket etse, ómiri jaqsarar jәne búl qútpen han bolar. Aqyl da Tәnrining bergen bir qúty. Qaghandar adamdargha basshylyq jasaghanda aqyldy qoldanar bolsa, qogham jaqsarady. Aqyldy qoldanbasa, qogham joq bolar.»[14] Tonykók eskertkishinde «Odan keyin Kók Tәnrisi aqyl bergendikten men ony qaghan qyldym,» - degen sózder aqylgha týrikter kóne dәuirden qanshalyqty mәn bergenin kóruge bolady.[15] Búl aitylghandar týrik halyqtarynyng kóneden kele jatqan diny tanymynda aqylgha basa mәn berilgendigin kórsetedi. Týrikterding Islamdy qabyldauynda da sol aqyl qúralyna jýgingendigin, aqyl tarazysyna salyp, búl dinning dúrstyghyn moyyndap baryp, Islam dinnin qabyldaghanyn aighaqtaydy. Múny biz Týrkistan jerine alghash islam dinining kelu tarihyna nazar salghanda da kóruimizge bolady. Týrkistan jerine Islam dinin Horasan jerinde Omeyaydtar biyligine qarsy kýresken shialargha jәrdemge barghan týrik biyleushilerining sol jerde islam dinin qabyldap, Týrkistan jerinde alghash Týrik-islam memleketterin tarih sahnasyna shyghardy. Týrikting kóne dәuirlerden qalyptasqan osy tarihy jady týbi týrikten shyqqan Abu Hanifa men Imam Maturidiyding aqylgha negizdelgen baghytyn qalyptastyrugha negiz boldy dep shamalauymyzgha bolady. Jalpy, aqyldyng adamzat qoghamy tarihyndaghy orny men onyng dinmen sabaqtastyghyn kórsetu jolyndaghy Imam Maturidiyding róli erekshe ekendigi onyng myna tómende jazylghan pikirlerinen kóruimizge bolady.

Imam Maturidi: «Aqylgha salyp oilanar bolsaq, ghalamdy joq  bolyp ketu ýshin jaralghan dep oilau hikmet túrghysynan dúrys emes. Aqyly-esi dúrys adam ózining minez-qúlqy, is-әreketimen hikmet jolynan alystauy ol adam ýshin dúrys jaghday emes. Demek, aqyldyng bir bólshegin qalyptastyrghan ghalamdy hikmetten tys, negizsiz nemese jón-josyqsyz jaralghan  dep aitudyng ózi artyq. Dәleldengen bir aighaq – әlemning joq bolu ýshin emes, ýzdiksiz ómir sýrui ýshin jaratylghandyghyn kórseter.»[16]- deydi. Demek, aqyl osy jaratylystyng qúramdas bóligi jәne osy jaratylghan әlemdi joq boludan saqtap qala alatyn basty qúral. Óitkeni, «Álemning negizi týrli tabighattar men bir-birine qarsy jaratylystardan qúralghandyqtan, olardyng birlesuge tiyistilerin bir jerge toptastyryp, aiyrylugha tiyistilerin ajyratuda aqyldy basshylyqqa alghan jaratylys iyesi bar: Ol hikmet iyelerinin  «kishi әlem» dep ataghan jaratylys iyesi – adam balasy.»[17]  Búl jerde Maturidiyding әlemning jaratyluynda adam balasynyng orny qanday bolghandyghyn aiqyndap kórsetip túrghanyn kóremiz. Adam balasy әlemning jaratylysynda erekshe, ózge tabighy jaratylystargha yqpalyn jýrgizip, basqara alatyn, aqyl iyesi retinde ózge jaratylystardan erekshelenetinin kórsetedi. Al, osy tanym qazaq halqy sanasynyng tereninen oryn alghan jәne qazaq halqynyng oishyldary enbekterinde keninen jyrlanghan taqyryp desek artyq aitqandyq emes. Mysaly, Abay atamyzdyng myna ólenindegi joldar búghan tolyq dәlel bola alady: «Áuelde bir suyz múz aqyl-zerek,

                                              Jylytqan túla boydy ystyq jýrek,

                                             Toqtalylyq, talapty shydamdylyq-

                                             Búl qayratttan shyghady, bilseng kerek.[18] 

Al, Shәkәrim qaja bolsa, Abaydyng búl oiyn odan ary terendete týsedi. Ol bylay deydi: «Aqyl degen ólsheusiz bir jaryq núr,

                    Sol núrdy tәn qamy ýshin jan júmsap jýr.

                    Taghdyrdyng qiyn, syrly siqyrymen

                    Jan tәnge, aqyl jangha matauly túr.»[19] 

Demek, aqyl adam balasynyng bar is-qimylynyng basty basqarushysy. Aqylsyz adam balasy eshnәrseni iske asyra almaydy. Jәne basqaruy mýmkin de emes. Óitkeni, adamdy ózge jaratylystan ajyratyp túrghan da osy aqyl. Alayda, sol aqyldy kóp jaghdayda adam balasy óz ornynda paydalana almaydy.

Imam Maturidy osylay Allanyng hikmetin tanytatyn jol aqyl ekendigin dәleldedi. Ol Abu Hanifanyng «Fiyhq-ul Akbaryndaghy» әr mәseleni tereng taldap, Allanyng birligi men barlyghyn, Qúdireti men Jaratushylyq jәne taghy basqa sipattaryna aqyl arqyly tanytudy maqsat etti jәne ol óz maqsatyna jetti de. Onyng sonynan onyng qanshama izbasarlary «Maturidiylik» dep atalatyn joldy qalyptastyrdy. Alayda, Imam Maturidy kezeni de, odan keyingi ghasyrlarda da onyng oi-pikirining kóp taraluyna mýmkindik bermedi. Óitkeni, búl dәuirde Islam әleminde «ahl al-sunna ua-l jamaghanyn», basqasha arab dәstýrshildigin ústanushylardyng ypaly basym bolyp túr edi. Tek, Imam Maturidy ghana emes, Abu Hanifanyng da jolynyng keng qanat jangyna mýmkindigi bolghan joq. Ásirese, onyng senim-aqida mәselesindegi oi-pikirleri mýlde qoldanysta bolghan joq dese bolady. Búl eki úly ghúlamanyng ústanymdaryn iske asyrghan, bar halyqtyng iman-senimine ainaldyrghan sopy Qoja Ahmet Yasauy boldy. Áriyne, búl jerde sharighat ókilderining sopylyqqa qanshalyqty qatysy bar degen súraq tuuy mýmkin. Onyng ýstine Imam Maturidiyding sopylyqqa baylanysty aitqan teris pikiri de  búl súraqtyng salmaghyn auyrlatatyny dausyz. Soghan qaramastan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy osy ghúlamanyng oi-pikirlerining keninen taralyp, millondaghan halyqtardyng sanasynan oryn aluyna yqpal etken túlgha boldy.

Mine, qúrmetti oqyrman qauym! Qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dinining negizderi osynday qaynarlardan bastau alady jәne onyng Islam dini negizderine eshqanday qayshylyghy joq. Oghan Islam qaynarlarynan keltirilgen dәlelder kuә bolar degen ýmittemin. Eng bastysy Qoja Ahmet Yasauy Abu Hanifadan sharighatqa-zangha qatysty ústanymdardy emes, aldymen Iman-senimge qatysty ústanymdardy ózine ýlgi etip aldy. Sharighat-mәselesine kelgende Abu Hanifanyng «әr halyqtyng ózine tiyesili, әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin ústanu kerek» degen ústanymyn negizge alghanyn kóremiz. Búl Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzgha týrkining dәstýrli mәdeniyetin tolyghymen qalpyna ketiruge mýmkindik bergenin kóruimizge bolady.


[1] Abdüluahap Öztürk. İmam-ı Abu hanife’nın hayatı// İmam-ı Azam Abu Hanife Eserleri. İstanbul: Millat, 55-57 ss.

[2]  Abu Hanifa. Núghman ibn Sәbiyt. Ál-Fiyqh ul-Ákbar. Baspagha әzirlegen S.Mollaqanaghatúly. – Almaty: «Giys-Print», 2012, 11 b.

[3] 4 Kópeyúly Mәshhýr-Jýsip. Kóp tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. 1-tom. Qúrastyrghan Jýsipov E.  –Almaty: Alash, 2003, 165 b.

[4] Til tanbaly Adaydyng aqyndary. 1-kitap (XVIII ghasyr men HIH ghasyrdyng alpysynshy jyldaryna deyin ómirge kelgen Manghystau aqyn-jyraularynyng shygharmalary). – Almaty: Jazushy, 2006, 27 b.] 

 

[5] Shegebay men Álibek aqyndar (ólen, tolghau, arnaular, dastandar, poemalar) / Qúrastyrghan Tynyshbek Dayrabay. -Almaty: Arys, 2007, 41 b.

 

[6] Jәngirúly Shәdi. Ahual qiyamet. – Almaty: Alash, 2005, 21 b.].

 

[7]  Shal aqyn. Ólender. Zertteu derekter. Qúrastyrghan Qadirәliúly Ghalym. – Almaty: Arys, 2003, 96 b.].

 

 

[8] Ahmet Ak. Maturidi kaynaklarda Maturidi ve maturidilık. Doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitütü. 2006. s.22.; Sh.Ziyedov. Al-Moturidiy haety ve merasiy.-Toshkent: 2000. Ss.18-19.

[9] Imam Maturidi. Kitab at-Tauhiyd. Audarghan prof. dokt. Bekir Topaloghly. Besinshi baslym. –Ankara, 2013. 39 b.

[10] Sonda.

[11] Sonda, 40 b.

[12] Sonda.

[13] Qúran, Rum sýresi, 30/30.

[14] Sönmez Kutlu. İmam Maturıdı, Ahmet Yesevi ve Yunus Emre’de Ortak degerker: İnsan, Akıl-İlim ve vatan//Yunus Emre. Eskişehir, 2013. 51 s.

[15] Sonda.

[16] Imam Maturidi. Kitabu‘t-Tauhiyd., 40-41 bb.

[17] Sonda, 41 b.

[18] Abay Qúnanbaev.

[19] Shәkәrim. Imanym. –Almaty: «Arys» baspasy, 2000. 23 b.

 

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