QAZAQ ShEKARASY AYQYNDALGhANYNA - 95 JYL
Býgin tamyzdyng 24-i kýni, Qazaq jerining shekaralyq aumaghy bekitilgenine – 95 jyl!
Qazaq Avtonomiyaly respublikasy 1920 jyly qazan aiynda jariyalandy. Sonyng aldynda, qazaq jerining shet-shegin belgileu ýshin Ahmet Baytúrsynúly pmen Álihan Bókeyhan, Álimhan Ermekov (bayandamashy) Leninge, birde Stalinge kirip jýrip, 1920 jyly 24 tamyz kýni Qazaqstannyng últtyq memlekettik territoriyasyn bekittirdi, oghan Lenin men Stalin qol qoydy. (Biz sol bekitilgen territoriyanyng qazir 15 payyzynan airylyp qaldyq. Qaraqalpaqstan, Shyrshyq – Ózbekstangha, Elek, Altaydyng arghy beti, Jazatyr jotasy Reseyge berildi). Býkil әlem memleketteri 1991 jyly sol territoriyany Qazaqstan memleketining jeri retinde tanydy. Sonday tarihy oqighanyng 90 jyl toluy atausyz qaldy (bes-alty jyldan keyin jýz jyl tolady). Qazirgi geosayasat túrghysynan alghanda asa manyzdy data. Ýnsiz qaldyq. Ýnsiz ghana qalyp qoymay, barlyq tarihiy-sayasi, jaghyrapiyalyq resmy basylymdargha qazaq memleketining territoriyasy 1991 jyldan keyin bekidi dep jazdy. Sonda, búl Qyrymnyng kebin qúshugha úryndyratyn tarihy dolbar ekendigi әlgi «oqymystysymaqtardyn» oiyna kelmegeni me?
1920 jyldyng 26 tamyz kýni Qazaq avtonomiyasyn qúru jәne onyng jer kólemin belgileu jóninde dekret dýniyege keldi. Búl aitugha jenil bolghanymen, qazaq júrtynyng qylyshynan qan tamghan qyzyl imperiyany moyyndatyp, óz aldyna irge kóterui onay bolghan joq. Jan berdi, jan alysty. Kremlide ótken úzaq tartystan son, qyzyl proletariattyng kósemi – Lenin arnayy qaulygha qol qoydy. Búl jeke azat el boludy ansaghan Alash arystarynyng janqiyarlyq enbegining arqasy edi. Sol tartysy mol alqaly mәjiliste bolashaqta qúralatyn Qazaq memleketining shekarasy mejelendi. Negizgi tartys «qazaq avtonomiyasyna qay jerler kiredi?» degen mәselege kelgende, qatty ushyqqany belgili. Biraq Alash arystary algha qoyghan maqsatyna jetti. Álihan Bókeyhan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly, Álimhan Ermekov Qazaq memleketi aldyndaghy tarihy missiyasyn osylaysha oryndap shyqty. Sol kezde bar-joghy 29 jastaghy Álimhan Ermekov Álihan men Ahmetting dem beruining arqasynda azuly toptyng aldynda Qazaq jerining shekarasy jayynda bayandama jasady. Ol bayandamada Astarhani, Oral, Torghay, Aqmola, Semey, Syrdariya, Zakaspiy, Samarqan, Fergana oblysy men guberniyalaryn qamtityn, jalpy kólemi 3 467 922 sharshy shaqyrym jerdi Qazaq respublikasynyng qúramyna berudi súrady. Kórsetilgen jerding 81 payyzyn jan sany 5,5 million bolatyn qazaqtar paydalanatyn. Búl sol aimaqtardaghy túrghyndardyng 54 payyzy edi. Sol mәjiliste otyrghandar Ermekovting aitqandaryna tolyqtay bolmasa da qosylatynyn bildirdi. Biraq múny jenis deuge erterek bolatyn. Óitkeni endigi kezek avtonomiyanyng aumaghy men túrghyndary turaly úsynystardy Leninning aldynda qorghap shyghu kerek edi. 12 tamyz kýni Leninning tóraghalyq etuimen ótken mәjiliste Álimhan Ermekov baryn saldy. Óitkeni ol iyisi qazaqtyng taghdyr-talayy sheshiletin kez dәl osy tús ekenin jan dýniyesimen sezindi jәne jaghdaydy asa jetik biletindigi hәm sheshendigi arqasynda óz aitqandarymen Lenindi ilandyra aldy. Tipti kózbe-kóz sóilesuden keyin, qazaqtyng uysynan shyghyp bara jatqan Atyrau ónirin de alash júrtyna mәngige qaytaryp berdi. Ras, Sibir revkomy 1922 jylgha deyin soltýstik oblystardy Qazaqstangha qospaugha tyrysyp baqty. Biraq aqyry kóngen edi. Osylaysha Alash arystary túghysh ret alash júrtynyng shekarasyn resmy týrde bektip aldy.
Territoriya mәseleni qoyyp, ony zandastyru, qazaq jerining әr púshpaghyna deyin anyqtap, ondaghy túrghyndar men olardyng kýnkórisine deyin naqtylap aiqyndau, Álihan Bókeyhannyng kenesi men Álimhan Ermekovting moynyna jýktelgen bolatyn. Olar senimdi aqtady. Mәjiliste Álihan Bókeyhannyn, Álimhan Ermekovtin, Leninning tikeley yqpaly bolmaghanda jәne osy sózdi Leninning núsqauyna tirep, «Leninning núsqauyn oryndaysyndar ma, joq pa!» degen Ahmet Baytúrsynúlynyng qatty aitqan sózining nәtiyjesinde ghana qazaq avtonomiyasyn qúru turaly mәsele sheshilgen. Ol daugha týspeydi. Endi osy belgilengen territoriyanyng naqty shekarasyn anyqtau kerek degen sheshim týsti.Qazaq avtonomiyasyn qúru jәne onyng territoriyasyn belgileu turaly júmysy ushyghyp bara jatqanyn sezgen Lenin 12, 14, 18 jәne 19 tamyzdaghy komissiya otyrystaryn ózi basqarady. 24 tamyzda Leniyn: «Qauly dayyn. Álimhan Ermekovting qayta bayandama jasaghany dúrys. Osy boyynsha zandastyru kerek» dep sheshim shygharady. Osy sheshim qabyldanyp shyqqannan keyingi sәtti Álimhan Ermekov esteliginde bylay jazady: «Ózimning tabysyma masattanyp, riza bolyp shyqtym. Ol kezde bar-joghy 29 jasta edim. Bizding delegasiya da qolymdy alyp jatty. Qarasam, Bókeyhanov joq eken. Bәrimiz dәlizge shyqtyq. Qazaqstannyng delegasiya qúramy on bestey adam bolatyn.Bәrimiz Álihan Bókeyhanovty tostyq. Álekeng Leninmen pikirlesip, әngimelesip qalghan bolatyn.On bes, jiyrma minuttan keyin ol kisi de shyqty. Álihan Leninge bekitilgen shekaragha tezdetip qol qoigha ótinish etipti, Lenin oryndaugha uәde beripti». Sonymen jalpy otyrysta bekitilgen territoriyany qazaq avtonomiyasynyng territoriyasy etip bekitken búiryq 26 tamyz kýni baspasózde jariyalandy. Mine, sodan bastap býgingi Qazaqstannyng territoriyasy qalyptasty. Biz tәuelsiz memleketpiz. Tәuelsiz memleketting shekarasy bekitilgen. Sonyng bekitilgenine toqsan ýsh jyl bolyp otyr. Tәuelsizdikting ózi sonyng negizinde payda boldy. Osyny aqparat qúraldary nege aitpaydy? Bizding últtyq merekemiz ghoy. Últtyq tәuelsizdigimizding negizi ghoy. Nege ýndemeymiz? Biz tarihymyzdy, tarihtaghy oqighalardy úlyqtay biluimiz kerek.Men ýshin 1920 jyldyng 26 tamyzy – Alla jazsa, mәngilik azat Qazaqstan territoriyasynyng mәngilikke bekigen kýni, mәngilik saltanaty».
Túrsyn Júrtbay, ghalym, tarihshy, alashtanushy
Abai.kz
