Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 5548 0 pikir 19 Tamyz, 2013 saghat 12:53

Qazaq rejissurasynyng túnghyshy

Aymauytovtyng san salaly shygharmashylyq múrasynyng salmaqty jaghynyng biri – onyng dramaturgiyasy. Ol – qazaq әdebiyetinde tónkeris jyldary tughan osy janrdyng kóshbastaushylarynyng biri. Sonymen birge, ol qazaqtyng teatr ónerining bastauynda túrdy. Qazaqstanda alghashqy kәsipqoylyq oiyn-sauyq ýiirmelerin úiymdastyryp, ózi jazghan piesalaryna ózi rejisserlik etip, sahnagha shyghardy. Ol 1914 jyly Abaydyng qaytys boluynyng on jyldyghyna arnalghan Semeyde ótken keshte óner kórsetedi. 1915 jyly sol qalada «Birjan men Sara» spektaklin sahnagha layyqtap qoyyp, ózi Birjannnyng rólin somdaydy. Jiyrmasynshy jyldary Semeyde «Es-Aymaq» degen teatr truppasy úiymdasqanda da J.Aymauytov sonyng basy- qasynda bolghan.

Dramaturgting alghashqy piesala­ry «Rәbigha», «Jebir bolys» (keyin «Mansapqorlar» bolyp jóndelgen), «Qanapiya – Shәrbanu», 1916-1917 jyl­dary jazylghan. Olar qoljazba ký­yinde tarap, kórkómóner ýiirme­lerining sahnalarynda qoyylady. Keyinnen qalamger «Sylang qyz», «El qorghany», «Sherniyaz» tuyndylaryn jazghan.

Aymauytovtyng san salaly shygharmashylyq múrasynyng salmaqty jaghynyng biri – onyng dramaturgiyasy. Ol – qazaq әdebiyetinde tónkeris jyldary tughan osy janrdyng kóshbastaushylarynyng biri. Sonymen birge, ol qazaqtyng teatr ónerining bastauynda túrdy. Qazaqstanda alghashqy kәsipqoylyq oiyn-sauyq ýiirmelerin úiymdastyryp, ózi jazghan piesalaryna ózi rejisserlik etip, sahnagha shyghardy. Ol 1914 jyly Abaydyng qaytys boluynyng on jyldyghyna arnalghan Semeyde ótken keshte óner kórsetedi. 1915 jyly sol qalada «Birjan men Sara» spektaklin sahnagha layyqtap qoyyp, ózi Birjannnyng rólin somdaydy. Jiyrmasynshy jyldary Semeyde «Es-Aymaq» degen teatr truppasy úiymdasqanda da J.Aymauytov sonyng basy- qasynda bolghan.

Dramaturgting alghashqy piesala­ry «Rәbigha», «Jebir bolys» (keyin «Mansapqorlar» bolyp jóndelgen), «Qanapiya – Shәrbanu», 1916-1917 jyl­dary jazylghan. Olar qoljazba ký­yinde tarap, kórkómóner ýiirme­lerining sahnalarynda qoyylady. Keyinnen qalamger «Sylang qyz», «El qorghany», «Sherniyaz» tuyndylaryn jazghan.
J.Aymauytov óz dәuirining ózekti mәselelerin dóp basyp jazatyn dramaturg. Onyng әrbir kórkem tuyndylarynda san týrli oqighalar men minezder ashylady. «Mansap­qor­lar» piesasynda bolystyqqa, biy­likke, yaghny mansapqa talasyp, aghayyn­dylar arasyndaghy úrys-ke­risti surettese, «Qanapiya – Shәr­ba­nu» shygharmasynda әiel tensizdigin til­ge tiyek etken. Sonday-aq, «El qor­gha­ny» tuyndysynda tarihymyz­dyng dýbirli kezeni, aqtar men qy­zyl­dar tartysyn dәriptese, «Sylang qyz» ko­mediyasynda adam boyyn­daghy sa­randyq siyaqty kelensiz qasiyet­terdi әjualaghan. Bayqap otyr­ghany­myz­day, onyng barlyq piesalaryna ortaq bay men kedey arasyndaghy tensizdik, әiel ten­sizdigi, adam ba­la­synyng kereghar is-әreketterin, na­dandyq, qaran­ghylyq, qazaq ara­syndaghy arazdyq, dau-damay, t.s.s. mәselelerdi qam­tidy. Qalamgerding piesalary, negi­zinen, óz dәuirining eng manyzdy әleumettik mәselelerin kóteruge, sahna arqyly zamanauy iydeyalardy taratugha arnalady. Ol feodaldyq-patriarhaldyq saltty, mesheulikti synap, beyneley otyryp, eldi oqu­gha, óner-bilim jolyna ýndeydi. Áyelderding bas bostandy­ghyn, halyq­tyng azattyghyn, tendigin qor­ghaydy.
Jalpy, J.Aymauytovtyng rejissurasymen qazaq topyra­ghyn­daghy túnghysh spektakli Semeyde 1915 jy­ly, 13 aqpanda qoyyl­ghanyn ta­ghy da bir mәrte aita ketu kerek. Sah­na­gha qoyatyn piesa bol­maghan­dyq­tan, múghalimder semiy­nariyasy­nyng studenti J.Aymauytov әigili “Birjan – Sara” aity­synyng Qazan­da basylghan núsqasyn sahnagha be­yim­dedi. Últ­tyq topyraqta kórkem­dik ta­lap­qa tolyq jauap bergen tún­­ghysh spektakliding qoyyluy erek­she mәdeniy-ruhany qúbylys. Búl – últtyq sahna ónerining tughan ký­ni.
Áriyne, spektakli kóru mým­kin­digine ie bolmaghandyqtan biz Ba­ghybek Qúndaqbayúlynyng «Qongshy J.Aymauytov rejisserge qajet kórkemdik qiyalgha sýienip, tamasha shygharmashylyq izdeniske barghan. Ol spektaklidi kórkemdeudi semiy­nariyanyng ýshinshi kurs studenti M.Áuezovke tapsyrghan. Oryndaushylar óz keyipkerlerining syrtqy keskin-kelbeti men әreketining jandy suretin tauyp, beyneni tolyq ashatyn basty qúral – sózge óte úqyp­ty qaraghan. Sóz astaryna den­deu, mәn-maghynasyn ashu – qoyy­lym­nyng basty sharty. Álgi maqa­la­da Sara rólinde oinaghan Túrar Qo­zybagharova turaly: “…Sózining anyq­tyghy, dauysynyng minsizdigi júrt­tyng yqylasyn ózine magnittey tartty”, – dep qanday keremet ai­­­tylghan! Búl sol kezeng týgil, bý­gingi akterlerimizding әli tolyq men­gere almay kele jatqan mәse­lesi ghoy» degen oiyna sýiene oty­ryp, Birjannyng sahnalyq bey­ne­sin jasap, rejisserlik júmysyn jýr­gizgen Jýsipbek Aymauytovtyng enbegi joghary baghalanghan. Jogha­ryda aitylghan maqaladaghy qoyy­lym­nyng sahnalyq sipatyn qay ja­ghynan alyp qarasang da rejiys­ser­ding sauattylyghy, ónerding ózindik tabighatyn molynan tanityny kóz­ge úryp túr.
J.Aymauytovtyng dramaturgiya men teatrdaghy shygharmashylyghyn zert­teuge ómirining tórtten bir shiy­regin arnaghan belgili teatr synshy­sy Baghybek Qúndaqbayúlyna erekshe yqylas tanytuymyz kerek. Syn­shynyng aituynsha, múnday úla­ghat­ty adamnyng ómirdegi jәne óner­degi jolyn, sonyng ishinde teatr óne­rimen baylanysyn zertteuge oy sal­ghan әri zor yqpalyn tiygizgen qa­zaqtyng úly jazushysy M.Áuezov. Óner qayratkerining senzurany ai­nalyp ótip, tiyip-qashyp jazghan­da­ryn kenes túsynda sayasy qatege sanap: «Alashorda iydeyasyn teatr ónerinde nasihattaghany ýshin» dep Or­talyq Komiytetting sógisine úshy­ra­ghany taghy bar. Alayda, qanshama qiyn­shylyqtargha tótep bere otyryp, jazghan búl enbegi aldaghy buyn­gha, yaghny myna bizdey jastargha bagha jetpes qúndylyqqa ainalyp otyr.
J.Aymauytovtyng әdebiyet sala­syndaghy ózindik qoltanbasy bar­shamyzgha mәlim. Jazushynyng dra­malyq shygharmalarynyng da qazaq dramaturgiyasynan alatyn orny erekshe. Atap aitqanda : «Birjan – Sara», «Rәbigha», «Mansapqorlar», «Qanapiya – Shәrbanu», «El qorghany», «Sherniyaz», «Sylang qyz» piesalary erekshe bir sheberlikpen jazylyp, sonymen qatar, joghary dengeyde avtor-rejisserding sahnalauymen qoyylyp, kórermenning ýlken yqy­la­syn iyelengen bolatyn. Sol se­bep­­ti de óner iyesining dramaturgiya men teatrdaghy tuyndylarynyng shoqtyghynyng biyiktigine, rejisserding synaptay syrghyghan talantyna esh kýmәn keltirmeniz. Onyng sheberligin M.Áuezovting “Teatrdy qyzyqtap, ózimizshe oqyp-ýirenip jýrgen sha­ghy­myzda bәrimizding tabynyp, ústaz tútqanymyz – Jýsipbek bolatyn. Jәne tórt-bes jas ýlkendigine qa­ray ónerge bәrimizden búryn aralasty. Sózge sheshen, orysshagha da jýirik, kóp oqyp, kóp biletin. Onyng ýstine dombyrany sheber tartyp, әdemi әnshiligimen de oqshau edi, piesa qongda rejissurany da әdemi mengerdi” degen sózderi aiqyn­day týspek.
Maqala mazmúnyn zerdelesek, J.Aymauytov bastaghan talantty jastar spektaklidi mәdeny sauatty qoyghanyn angharu qiyn emes. Sah­na ónerining ol kezdegi sәbiyligine qaramastan, qoyylymnyng kókeyge qonymdylyghy, sahnalyq kelisti kórkemdelui men oryndalu mәde­niye­ti jaghynan shynayy shyqqany osy ýzindiden kórinip túr.
Jasynan zerek, bilim men óner­ge qúshtar, alashtyng darhan daryndy azamatynyng osylay europalyq ýlgide spektakli qoyy – últtyq sah­na ónerining bas­tamasy. Biz endi qa­zaq teatry­nyng tarihyn 1926 jyl­dan emes, 1915 jyldan bas­taghanymyz jón. Tarihy da, ghylymy da shyndyq osy.

Berdikey Múqash,
T.Jýrgenov atyndaghy
Qazaq Últtyq óner akademiyasynyn
4-kurs studenti

0 pikir

Ýzdik materialdar

Alghys aitu kýni

Alghys aitu kýni jәne onyng shyghu tarihy

Jomartbek Núrman 1582
Alashorda

Qojanov mejeleu nauqanynda (Jalghasy)

Beybit Qoyshybaev 2281
Ghibyrat

Qaysar ruhty ghaziz jan

Múhtar Qúl-Múhammed 3616