Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Tarih 3006 20 pikir 4 Aqpan, 2023 saghat 22:14

"Jonghar" dep jýrgenimiz kimder?

Chonqyr handyghy (chong qyr – alyp qyrghyz degen maghynada) Resey sayasatymen tariyhqa «Djungar zandyghy» bolyp endi. Djungar memleketi halqy oirat pen qyrghyz degender bolghany mәlim (qyrghyzdar sol memleketting әskeri qyzmetin atqarghany aitylady). Atalghan memleket qazirgi Mangholiyagha kórshiles Baykal aumaghynda ornady, sol jerden kýsheyip artynsha erteden qazaq halqy mekendegen qazirgi Mangholiya aimaghyn jaulap alghany mәlim.

Tura sol zamanda qazirgi Mangholiyanyng shyghysynda, oghan kórshi jatqan Manjuriya aumaghynda quatty Manjur (Sini) memleketi payda boldy, ony biylegender manjurlyq jurjen ruy adamdary ózderin Shynghyshan úrpaqtary dep tanydy. Soghan qaraghanda olardyng bir bóligi, XIII ghasyrdan Qytaydy biylegen, sosyn XIV ghasyrda Qytay eli biyliginen airylyp, quylghan  Shynghyshan úrpaqtary tәrizdi, óitkeni Manjur (Sini) imperiyasyn ornatushy adamnyng esiminde taza araptyq «Núr» sózi kezdesedi (Qytaydy biylegenderdi XIV ghasyrda óz kózimen kórgen ataqty arap sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta olardyng músylman týrkiler ekenin anyq jazyp kórsetedi). Shynghyshannyng óz ruy bórijigi bolghanymen, onyng eli manghyl taypasy dep tanylghany mәlim, óitkeni onyng senimdi әskeri ertede Jujan qaghanaty zamanynda Manghystaudan kelgen «manghyl» taypasy edi (sol manghyl taypasynyng ataqty taydjut ruy dúrysynda adayjúrt ruy boldy). Manjur atauynyng ózi sol manghyl men jýrjan (jujan) ataularynyng «man» men «jýr» bólikterinen Jýrjan (Jujan) qaghanaty zamanynan qalyptasqan.  Manjurlardyng biyleushi ruy «jurjen» sol Jýrjan-Jujan qaghanatyn biylegenderding tikeley úrpaqtary jәne Shynghyshanda solardyng úrpaghy.  Manjýrlerding býkil Qytaydy basyp alyp Sini atauymen memleket ornatuy, anyghynda Qytaydy eki ghasyr biylegen Shynghyshan әuletining biyligin qayta qalpyna keltiru edi. Osynday tarihtar sebebimen Manjýr biyleushileri ózderin «manghy el» depte ataghan der edim, qazirgi «manghol» atauy sol «manghyel» atauynan qalyptasqan deu oryndy.

Manjýr biyleushileri Qytay imperiyasyndaghy ata-baba biyligin qayta ornatu ýshin, aldymen qazirgi Mangholiya aumaghyn jaulap alghan Djungar (Chonqyr) memleketin jon qajet ekenin jaqsy týsindi. Osynday sebeptermen Manjýr memleketi men Jungar (Chonqyr) memleketi arasynda bitispes soghys oryn aldy. Sol soghystar nәtiyjesinde Jungar (Chonqyr) memleketi jenilis tauyp joyyldy, qazirgi Mangholiya aumaghy Manjur (Sini) memleketi qúramyna endi. Manjur memleketining әskery kýshin erteden olargha baghynyshty bolghan halha eli qúraghany belgili fakt (ilgeride hidan dep atalghan halyq), sol halhalar Manjýr әskeri bolyp kelip qazirgi Mangholiya aumaghyna ornyghyp qaldy. Olardy bastaghan manjur biyleushiler Shynghyshan zamanynan bar «manghy el» atauyn qoldanghanyn jәne ózderin Qytayda «Shynghyshandyq biylikti» qayta ornatushylar dep sanaghanyn aittyq. Osynday sebeptermen qazirgi Mangholiyagha kelip ornyqqan halha elide ózin «manghy el - manghol» dep atap ketken deu oryndy. Al osy jaghdaylardy óz qajetterine útymdy paydalanghan Reseylik iyezuidter Shynghyshan eli halha-mangholdar degen jalghan tújyrymdaryn ornyqtyrdy (anyghynda Shynghyshan eli bolghan manghyl taypasy Manghystaudan shyqqan týrki-qazaqy taypa, al qazirgi manghol solardyng atyn jamylghan halha degen ózge tildi halyq).

Jungar (Chonqyr) memleketinin jenilis tabuynyng bir sebebi olardyng tu syrtynan, soltýstik-batystan Resey әskerining shabuyldary edi. Bylaysha aitqanda, sol soghysta Resey әskeri men Manjur әskeri odaqtastay keyipte bolghan. Biz biletin qazirgi qalmaq eli anyghynda Manjur әskeri bolghan halha elining bir bóligi etin. Olardyng sol soghys kezinde qalaysha óz elinen bólinip qalghany belgisiz, belgilisi, Resey olardy aparyp Noghay men Qazaq qatar mekendegen ólkege otyrghyzghany, osylaysha jauynger kóshpeli halha-halmaq elin noghay men qazaq elderine qarsy kýsh retinde qoldanugha mýmkindik aldy jәne bolashaqta sol qalmaq elin «ejelgi Shynghyshan әskeri bolyp kelgen mangholdardan qalyptasqan halyq» retinde kórsetuge niyetteri bolghan shyghar (ol oilary Resey imperiyasy joyylyp Sovet ýkimeti ornaghandyqtan iske aspay qalghan bolar). Álide bolsa sol iyezuid tarihshylary (Russkoe Geograficheskoe Obshestva degen úiym solar) qalmaq halqyn oirat-qalmaq dep sendiruge tyrysady.

Jungar (Chonqyr) memleketi joyylghanda, onyng negizgi halqy bolghan oyrattar Altay tauyna baryp jan saughalady, sol jerde oyrat eli bolyp saqtalyp qaldy. Alayda qulyghyna qúryq boylamas resey iyezuidteri olardy resmy týrde «altay» dep atatqyzdy jәne shohyndyryp hristiyan dinine engizdi. Qazir sol keshegi oirat halqy barshamyzgha Altay eli retinde tanys, alayda ol halyq óz atauynyng OIRAT ekenin әli úmytqan joq, osy faktini eleusiz qaldyrghysy kelgen resey iyezuidteri «altay elining bir toby ghana ózderin oirat dep ataghan» degen týsinik ornyqtyrumen keledi. Sol oirat-altay eli adam ayaghyn tura qyrghyzdarday «bút» deydi, jalpy ekeuining tili birdey dep týsinemin (hakas pen qyrghyz sózderi onday úqsas dep eshkim aita almaydy). Oirattardyng manjurlargha baghynghan key rulary  bolghany týsinikti, olar qazir manghol-halha eli qúramynda oirat ruy bolyp tanylady jәne resey iyezuidteri olardy Djungar memleketi halqynyng «manghol tildi» bolghanyna dәlel retinde paydalanady.

Al Jungar (Chonqyr) handyghynyng әskeri bolghan qyrghyzdardyng ýlken toby qazirgi Qyrghyzstangha auyp kelip, ondaghy qazaqtardy ózderine sindirip, músylmandyq qabyldap, qyrghyz degen halyqqa ainaldy (qyrghyzdardyng qazirgi otyrghan jerine tek HVII ghasyrdyng basynda Mangholiyadan auyp kelgenin HIH ghasyrdaghy resey-fransuz tarihshysy A.Levshin anyq derektermen kórsetken). Qyrghyzdar tauly aimaqtar arqyly qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghyna jetip, sol jerdegi qazaq rularyn basyp alyp ózderine sindirgen. Sosyn sol jerde kýsh jinap kórshi jatqan Qazaq eline shapqan, ataqty «Jonghar men Qazaq soghysy» anyghynda «taudan týsip Qazaq eline qyrghiday tiygen Qyrghyz shapqynshylyghy» bolatyn. Chonqyr-Jonghar handyghynyng halqy týrki tildi oirat pen qyrghyz boldy, qazaq pen jonghar esh tilmәshsiz ózara týsiniskeni barshagha mәlim.

Oyrat (Altay) eli men qyrghyzdar týrki tildi últtar. Sondyqtan qazirgi qalmaq pen mangholdy jongharlardyng tuysy deu – óreskel qatelik, qalmaq pen qazirgi mangholdardy qazaq tilmәshsiz týsine almaydy, óitkeni ekeui de halha-hidan elinen. A.Levshin qalmaq eli jayly óte qúndy derekter beredi, ol Manjur-Sini imperiyasy eki ret qalmaqtargha arnayy elshi jiberip, olardy qayta Sini imperiyasy jerine kóshuge ýgittegenin jazady. Aqyry ekinshi kelgen shaqyrudy qalmaqtardyng bir bóligi qabyldaghanyn, olardyng qazirgi Qytay aimaghyna kóshui óte qiyn bolghanyn, olardy jolda qazaq pen qyrghyzdar qyrghyngha úshyratqanyn, әsirese qyrghyzdar asa qatygezdikpen qalmaqtargha  qyrghyn salghanyn jazady (qazirgi qyrghyzdardaghy buda dindi qyrghyz-qalmaq degen ru sol qyrghynda qúldyqqa týsken qalmaqtardan qalyptasqan bolar). Endi oilanynyz! «Qalmaqtar keshegi Djungariya oirattary, Sini imperiyasy jonghar elin túqymymen joq etti» deydi Resey tarihshylary. Qalmaq degen jongharlyq oirat bolsa Sini imperiyasy olardy «elge qaytyndar» dep ýgitterme edi, Sin imperiyasy ata jaulary bolsa olar sol ýgitke senip Sini imperiyasyna qayta kósheme????. Aqiqatty ghana moyyndaytyn ghalym tarihshylar osy faktilerdi kóre túra «qalmaq keshegi jonghar» degenge qalay senui mýmkin!

A.Levshin qazaq pen qyrghyz tarihyn óz zamanynda tereng zerttegen ghalym, ol orys emes, ol Fransiyadan Reseyge kóship kelgen adam. Onyng enbegi әueli Evropalyq basylymdarda jaryq kórgen, onyng enbegin «senzorlyq sýzgiden» ótkizgen Senkevichting «evropashyl» kózqarasta bolghany mәlim, sol sebepten onyng qazaqtyng shynayy tarihy jayly jazghandaryn («bizding baqytymyzgha oray») Resey iyezuidteri ózgerte almay qaldy. Olardyng qolynan kelgeni Levshinning enbegin tómen baghalatyp, onyng jazghandaryn «senimsiz» degen úghym qalyptastyru ghana boldy. Soghan senip qalghan qazaq tarihshylary әlide A.Levshin enbekterine senimsiz jazbaday qarauyn qoymay keledi.

 

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