Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 2516 0 pikir 19 Nauryz, 2013 saghat 06:34

Serik Ábdireshúly. Ýshtaghan mәsele – bir sheshim

 

Tәuelsizdik alghaly keri ketken elimizde ýsh mәsele bar. Ol ýsheui elding qauqaryn barynsha qaryshtatatyn manyzdy mәseleler. Alayda, biylik tarapynan búlar sonshalyqty ózekti mәsele retinde moyyndalmay otyr. Osy  ýsh mәseleni qarastyra otyryp, olardy bir-birine qosaqtay sheshuding mýmkin jaghyn qarastyrmaqpyz.

 

Auyl mәselesi

 

Auyldyng bolashaghy búldyrady. Kenes dәuirinde sharuashylyqqa negizdelip salynghan auyldardy ýshtik biylik mengerdi: auyldyq   kenes - kolhoz/sovhoz - partorg (iydeologiyalyq operator). Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan birtútas sharuashylyqty ústap túra almady, úsaq sharualar men fermerlerge bólindi, aqyrynda ony da damyta almady. Kenshardan qalghan tehnika men jer talan-taraj boldy. Auyldy býginde audandyq әkim taghayyndaytyn auyldyq әkim ghana basqarady. Onyng qúzyry búrynghy auyldyq kenesting qúzyry dengeyinde ghana. Qolynda ne tehnika, ne auyldyq budjet joq. Sonymen auyl әri sharuasyz, әri sharuashylyqsyz qaldy. Partorgtyng ornyn tiyip-qashyp atqaratyn «Núr Otan» partiyasynyng yqpalsyz qúzyry basty.

 

Tәuelsizdik alghaly keri ketken elimizde ýsh mәsele bar. Ol ýsheui elding qauqaryn barynsha qaryshtatatyn manyzdy mәseleler. Alayda, biylik tarapynan búlar sonshalyqty ózekti mәsele retinde moyyndalmay otyr. Osy  ýsh mәseleni qarastyra otyryp, olardy bir-birine qosaqtay sheshuding mýmkin jaghyn qarastyrmaqpyz.

 

Auyl mәselesi

 

Auyldyng bolashaghy búldyrady. Kenes dәuirinde sharuashylyqqa negizdelip salynghan auyldardy ýshtik biylik mengerdi: auyldyq   kenes - kolhoz/sovhoz - partorg (iydeologiyalyq operator). Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan birtútas sharuashylyqty ústap túra almady, úsaq sharualar men fermerlerge bólindi, aqyrynda ony da damyta almady. Kenshardan qalghan tehnika men jer talan-taraj boldy. Auyldy býginde audandyq әkim taghayyndaytyn auyldyq әkim ghana basqarady. Onyng qúzyry búrynghy auyldyq kenesting qúzyry dengeyinde ghana. Qolynda ne tehnika, ne auyldyq budjet joq. Sonymen auyl әri sharuasyz, әri sharuashylyqsyz qaldy. Partorgtyng ornyn tiyip-qashyp atqaratyn «Núr Otan» partiyasynyng yqpalsyz qúzyry basty.

20 jyl boyy auyl túrghyndary qalagha, qalalyq mekenderge, iri kentterge bosudy bastan keshude. Jýzdegen auyldar bolashaghy joq degen nauqannyng qúrbany bolyp, Úly dala qanyrady.  Qazaqstanda ashyq moyyndalmay, biraq qyruar әleumettik mәselelerdi balalatqan әleumettik bosqyndyq osylay qalyptasty. Búl mәselening janghyryghy iri jәne orta qalalar men kentterge óz salmaghyn týsirude jәne búl jayt juyq arada jana әleumettik mәselelerdi tuyndatyp, sheshilui odan arghy mezgilderge ysyryluda. Qazaqstandyq qalalarda baspanamen qamtugha qatysty «mәngi mәsele» qalyptasty. Baspanamen qamtudyng memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng songhy 7-8 jylda keminde ýsh núsqasy payda boldy, olardyng eshbiri de manyzdy mәseleni ornynan jyljyta almastan múraghatqa qaghaz kýiinde jóneldi. Al әleumettik bosqyndyq әli sayasy moyyndalmastan, sheshilmesten qoghamdaghy kýrdeli ahualdy odan әri ushyqtyra týsude.

 

Aumaqtardyng mesheuligi.

 

Kenes ókimeti túsynda «artta qalghan», «shalghay audandar» atalghan 70-ke tarta órkeniyetten tys audandar tәuelsizdik jyldary mesheu aumaqtardy tuyndatty. Kommunikasiyalyq jәne әleumettik mәselelermen qamtu birneshe ondaghan jyldargha keyinge shegerildi. Sumen qamtu jartymsyz. Bólingen qarjylar tiyimsiz, talan-taraj bolyp keledi. Árbir 20-30 shaqyrym sayyn qalyptasqan auyldardyng siyregeni sonday, býginde 100-200 shaqyrym jerlerde auyldar qiraghan, sharuashylyqtar joyylghan, aumaq japan dalagha ainalghan. Qazaq halqynyng maldy jayyp baghu dәstýri memleket tarapynan qoldausyz әri tiyimsiz bolghandyqtan jekelegen baylardyng qosalqy sharuasy retinde ghana sanauly sharualar men auyldyq túrghyndardyng jekemenshik mardymsyz sandy maldary  ghana bar.

Aumaqtardy damytu mәselesi monoqalalar, audan ortalyqtary men iri auyl-kentterge ghana qatysty bolyp otyr. Ári-beriden song iyesiz qalghan aumaqtardy iygere almau memleket aldynda sheteldikterge jaldau sekildi túrpayy sayasatty әlsin-әli tughyzyp keledi.

Janadan salynghan tasjoldar men temir joldardyng boyynda túrghyzylghan eldi-mekender biren-saran bolmasa joqtyng qasy. Sharuashylyqtar tek qana iri industriyalyq jekelegen qoldargha shoghyrlanu ýstinde. Aumaqty damytu boyynsha qúrylymdar men memlekettik programmalardyng nәtiyjesi әzir joq. Qazaqstandyq demografiyalyq-ekonomikalyq әleuet 100-ge tarta qala men kentterding manyna shoghyrlanumen shektelude. Kóptegen jerler jeke kapital retinde qoldy bolyp ketken. Osynday әleumettik-ekonomikalyq qúldyrau men ýilesimsizdik saldarynan tek qana Almaty qalasynyng manynda el halqynyng besten biri shoghyrlanghanyn moyyndau kerek, ol - shamamen 3 milliongha juyq halyq. Aumaqtardyng mesheuligi - Qazaqstanda songhy 20 jyl boyy әleumettik sayasattyng barynsha kýrdeli ekendigin eske salyp túratyn ekonomikalyq suret.

 

Sheteldik qazaqtardy otandastyru

 

Sheteldik qazaqtar sany shamamen  4 milliongha tayau. Songhy  20 jyl ishinde kelgeni - 1,5 millionday. Olardyng jartysy memlekettik kvota ayasynda jasalghan jaghdaygha arqa sýiegender, qalghany óz kýshterimen oralghandar. Búl sayasiy-tarihy qadam nәtiyjesinde demografiyalyq ahual birshama qazaqtardyng paydasyna sheshilgenimen, elding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ayaghyna jem týskendey jaghday qalyptasty: oralghan qazaqtar esebinen әleumettik bosqyndar taghy eselendi. Basty sebep - búl ýderis baqylausyz, jýiesiz, josparsyz jýrgizildi. O basta dúrys oilastyrylmaghan «kvotalyq jýie» ózining shyn mәninde jýie emestigin kórsetip, jappay jemqorlyq pen memlekettik sayasatty túiyqqa tireuding naqty nyshanyna ainaldy. Mәsele sheshuding emes, ony qozdatudyng tetigine úlasty. Aqyrynda elde sayasiy-әleumettik narazy toptyng qarasy úlghaydy.

Múnyng ýstine sheteldik qazaqtargha arnayy bolghanmen ýilesimsiz sayasattyng kesirinen olargha degen qazaqstandyq qoghamnyng alakózdigi artyp ketti. Al, oralghandardyng jana ortagha beyimdeluine tabighy jaghday jasaludyng ornyna, jalang populistik sharalar, bir mәrtelik jobalar men mәnsiz kórneki ister qaptady.

Múnyng qaterli jaghy eskerile kele, songhy 2-3 jyl boyy atalmysh memlekettik strategiyalyq qadam ayaq-astynan tyiyldy - sheteldik qazaqtardy keltiruge qarjy bólinbedi, basqa sharalar qolgha alynbady, salagha jauapty qúrylymdar taratyldy. Alayda, kelmegen, kele almaghan qazaqtardyng syrtta jýrip, Qazaqstannyng ishki sayasatyna әseri az deuge taghy bolmaydy. Qysqasy, sheshilmegen búl mәsele qolgha alynbaghan mәseleden de qauipti bola týsedi. Býgingi kýni erekshe әleumettik top retinde qalyptasqan oralmandar mәselesi Qazaqstan ýshin ishki memlekettik mәselening bastylarynan sanalady.

 

Ýsh mәselening sheshiminen Jerúiyq tabu jobasy

 

Bayqaghanymyzday, elde jabayy kapitalizm prinsiypi tolyqtay ornady. Alayda, memleketting búdan әri damuy ýshin ishinara bolsa da sosialistik sipattyng qajettigi aldan shyghuda. Biz ataghan ýsh kýrdeli mәsele eldegi osynday osaldyqtan tuyndap, qordalanghan jayt ekeni mәlim.

Atalmysh ýsh kýrdeli mәseleni qosaqtap, tútastay sheshu mýmkin be? Mýmkin. Ol ýshin búlardyng bir-birine qatysyn anyqtap alghan jón. Aytalyq, auyldardyn  qalpyna kelui eldegi aumaqtardy, ónirlerdi damytugha tikeley qatysty memlekettik sayasatqa tәueldi. Al, sheteldegi qazaqtardyng elge kelui kvotanyng ne aqshanyng bólinuine emes, olargha degen bolashaq demografiyalyq el әleueti retinde qaraumen birge, aumaqtyq damudyng jandy resursy retindegi kózqarastyng barlyghyna qatysty, oralghandardyng tez arada jersinu mýmkindigining moldyghyna baylanysty.

Atalmysh ýsh mәseleni sheshuding birden bir joly - Aumaqtardy damytu jónindegi Memlekettik programmany jýzege asyru. Múny qysqasha «Jerúiyq» jobasy deuge bolady. Áriyne, bizde ne kóp baghdarlama kóp, alayda bizding aityp otyrghanymyz - atalmysh ýsh mәseleni arqau etken memlekettik tetik. Atalmysh baghdarlama ýshin arnayy memlekettik agenttik qúrylyp, Ónirlik damu ministrligine qaraghany jón.  Búl agenttik temirjoldar,tasjoldar jәne basqa da kommunikasiyalyq mýmkindigi men bolashaghy bar aumaqtardyng boyynan jana auyldardy salumen, eskisin jandandyrumen, damytumen, kýiregenderin kóshirumen, solardyng barlyq әleumettik-tútynu tetikterin jasaqtap, jergilikti biylikke tapsyrumen ainalysuy kerek. Ol ýshin bolashaghy joq auyldar men bolashaghy bar aumaqtardyng kartasy jasalyp, ýshjyldyq, besjyldyq josparlargha barlyq sharalar kólemin syighyzu qarastyrylady. Qysqasy, Qazaqstan ýshin 21-ghasyrdaghy «Jana auyl» kýrdeli jobasy qolgha alynady.

Atalmysh auyldargha keletin bolashaq túrghyndar ýsh topqa bólinui kerek:

-         Qalalardaghy әleumettik bosqynnyng ahualyndaghy baspanasyz, túraqty júmyssyzdar janúyasy;

-         bolashaghy búldyr shalghay auyl túrghyndary;

-         sheteldik qazaqtar.

Búl topty teng ýshke bólu kezinde olardyng memlekettik búl bastamagha moyyn búru mýmkindikteri men qoldau yqtimaldyghy eskerilui jәne aldyn ala әleumettik túrghyda zerttelui qajet. Osylaysha әrbir janúyadan bir adam otaghasy nemese otana retinde Agenttikpen kelisimshartqa otyrady. Memleket jana auylgha qonystanushylargha baspanalyq qúrylys materialyn 20 jylgha tómengi nesiyemen,1 ga jer bóligin tegin berui kerek. Jәne de  ýsh jylgha deyin qúramynda 4 jan basy bar janúyanyng kelisimshartqa otyrghan, jastary 25-45 aralyghyndaghy otaghasyn/otanasyn júmyspen qamtugha mindettenedi.  Búdan basqa atalmysh aumaqtargha jeke kәsipkerlik pen sharua qojalyghyn qúrugha salyq kanikulyn, tómengi mólsherlemelik nesie beru, qoldanymnan shygharylghan auylsharuashylyq jerlerin bólu jóninde qúqyqtyq negizdeme kerek bolady.

Atalmysh joba arqyly elding demografiyalyq-aumaqtyq mәselesin ushyqtyrmay sheshu mýmkindigi tuady. Iri jәne orta qalalar manynda azyq beldeuin jasaqtau da osy jobanyng ayasynda ózinen ózi payda bolady.

Búl joba jeke investorlardy tartugha mýmkindik beredi. Eger memleket búghan eldegi azyq qory men beldeuin jasau, enbekpen qamtu kózi retinde qarasa - tiyisti kommunikasiyalyq, tabighy reurstarmen - jermen, sumen jәne basqa da mýmkindikterdi moynyna alu arqyly investorlardyng jylyjay, bordaqy oryndaryn, neshe týrli sehtar men shaghyn óndeu-óndiru kәsiporyndaryn ashugha yqylastaryn oyatady. Jәne de ónimning memleketke satyluyn da aldyn ala kelisu jýzege asyrylyp, investorlardyng kýmәnin meylinshe seyiltetin seriktestik auan ornar edi. Ári-beriden song auyldargha sәikes shaghyn mektepter men medpunktpen qamtu memleket ýshin әleumettik saladaghy barynsha tiyimdi qyzmetke ainalady. Tipti, bastapqy kezde memlekettik sharuashylyqtar men kәsiporyndar qúrylyp, qalyptasqandaryn jekege nemese újymgha satu da  paydaly bolar edi. Tipti, sheteldik qazaqtar tarapynan býtindey sharuashylyqty ózderi qolgha alatynday qauqarlary da baryn jasyrugha bolmaydy - tek olargha naqty mýmkindik qajet.

Qysqasy, atalmysh baghdarlama músaldat psihologiyadan arylyp, azamattardy memleketpen seriktes bolatynday jana sapagha kóteredi. Búl aumaqtarda shaghyn kәsiporyndar men júmys kózderining payda boluyn qamtyp, onyng damu qarqynyna alghyshart  bolady. Al, sheteldik qazaqtar ózderining aldynda naqty ne kýtip túrghanyn, qanday mýmkindik baryn  jәne qayda baratynyn aldyn ala bilu mýmkindigi óz aldyna, otaghasy gasterbayter retinde kelip, beyimdeluding alghashqy kezeninen qinalmay ótu mýmkindigin alady. Osy kezende belgili bir qújattandyru mәselesi sheshilgen son, onymen memleket bolashaq azamaty retinde kelisimshartqa otyrudy qolgha alady. Búl qazirgi qalyptasqan jýiesizdikti búzady.  Sóitip, sheteldik qazaqtar ýshin barynsha tez beyimdelu ortasy auyldyq mekende taban tireydi. Ol ýshin Beyimdeu ortalyghyn ashyp, oghan granttar bólip, basqa bireulerding aralasuynyng qajeti bolmaydy.

Búl joba qazaqstandyq azamattardy da, sheteldik qazaqtardy da bir syzyqtyng boyyna sapqa túrghyzady, bir-birine alakózdik tughyzbaydy. Barghan jerlerinde kimning adamdyq resursy men mýmkindigi mol, sol sinisip óz taghdyryn ózi qolyna aluyna jol ashylady. Al, qalagha baru mәselesi әrbir azamattyng jeke sharuasy bolyp tabylady, oghan eshbir kvota nemese basqa da aldamshy sharanyng keregi bolmaydy.

Áriyne, búl jobany jariyalaghandaghy oiymyz - memleketke sengendigimizden emes, múny qoghamdyq yqpal arqyly memleketting qabyldauyn mәjbýr eterlik, bir jaghynan búqara men memelket arasyndaghy seriktestikting jana dengeyin asharlyq sharalargha júmylayyq degen ýndeuding jatqandyghyn jasyrmaymyz.

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