Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Qogham 3389 0 pikir 18 Nauryz, 2022 saghat 21:36

Qazaqstan: Genderlik tendikting tarihy

Qazaqstandaghy otbasylyq jәne genderlik bastamalardyng tarihy terende. Qazaq otbasynda tendikti ústanghan halyq. Ejelden әiel men erding róli teng bólingen edi. Áyel oshaqtyng iyesi, er otannyng iyesi dep sanaldy. Alayda uaqyt ózgerip, qazaq әielderi sayasat pen qoghamdyq isterge de aralasa bastady.

Tәuelsizdikti qalpyna keltirgennen keyin, sayasatqa aralasyp, joghary minberden oryn alghan әielder qatary kóbeydi. Áyelder, ana men balagha qatysty alghashqy memlekettik qúrylymdar men jýieli qújattar tәuelsizdik alghan jyldary qabyldandy. Keyinirek Qazaqstan BÚÚ-nyng әielderding qúqyqtary men mýmkindikterin keneytu jәne qorghau salasyndaghy bastamalaryna qosylyp, qoldau kórsetti.

2006-2016 jyldargha arnalghan genderlik tendikting ózindik strategiyalary boldy, olarda erler men әielderding qúqyqtary men mýmkindikteri birdey qarastyryldy. 2014 jyly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng 2030 jylgha deyingi әleumettik damu tújyrymdamasy bekitildi, onda adamy kapitaldyng sapasy men bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyru shenberinde anany, balany jәne otbasylardyng osal toptaryn әleumettik qoldau qajettiligi jayly kórsetilgen bolatyn. 2015 jyly Qazaqstan Birikken Últtar Úiymynyng Túraqty damu maqsattaryna qosyldy: osy maqsattyng bir baghyty genderlik baghyt pen mindetter ayasynda últtyq beyimdeluge qatysty ekenin aita ketuimiz kerek.

Alda jana kezeng – halyqaralyq túraqty damu tendensiyalary, últtyq strategiyalyq basymdyqtar jәne әleumettik sayasattyng jana qaghidattary bar genderlik sayasatty qúru túrdy. 2016 jyly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng otbasy jәne genderlik sayasat tújyrymdamasy osylaysha payda boldy. Ol Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasy men zannamasynda, zangha tәueldi aktilerde, «Qazaqstan-2050» strategiyasynda, «100 naqty qadam» Últ josparynda jәne taghy basqa da qújattarda kórinis taba bastady.
Osylaysha arnayy tújyrymdama jasaldy. Tújyrymdama memlekettik josparlau jýiesi turaly qújat bolyp tabylady jәne elimizdegi otbasylyq jәne genderlik sayasatty damytudyng negizgi tәsilderin kórsetedi. Otbasy kez kelgen elde manyzdy ról atqarady jәne әleumettik qorghau obektisi retinde qarastyrylady. Sonymen birge, genderlik tendik dengeyi neghúrlym joghary bolsa, otbasy mýshelerining sharuashylyq, adamgershilik, tәrbiyelik jәne basqa da manyzdy funksiyalardy oryndaudaghy jauapkershiligi, tepe-tendigi jәne tiyimdiligi soghúrlym joghary bolady. Tújyrymdamada sonday-aq kelesi tendensiyalar: ajyrasular jәne nekesiz balanyng tuuy, tolyq emes otbasylar, azamattyq nekeler, әkelerding bala tәrbiyesine әlsiz qatysuy jәne aliyment tóleu mәselesi jәne zayyrly memleket ýshin qolaysyz dәstýrler (kýshtep túrmysqa beru, erte nekege túru, túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq), әielder men erlerding úrpaq sýng qiyndyghy, týsik jasatu jәne t.b atap kórsetildi.

Genderlik sayasatty jýzege asyruda genderlik bilim manyzdy ról atqarady. Qoghamnyng barlyq salalarynda erler men әielderding shynayy tendigine qol jetkizuding manyzdylyghyn qogham sanasynda nyghaytu maqsatynda elimizdegi jetekshi baspa jәne teledidar búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary men әleumettik jeliler arqyly týsindiru, aghartu júmystary belsendi jýrgizilude. 2018 jyly respublikalyq jәne ónirlik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda otbasy qúndylyqtary men genderlik tendikti nasihattau boyynsha 3,1 mynnan astam aqparattyq-taldau materialdary jariyalandy. Ol jyl ótken sayyn artyp keledi.

Qazaqstan azaptaular men zorlyq-zombylyqqa, әsirese әielder men balalargha qatysty qylmystargha mýlde tózbeushilik sayasatyn berik ústanady. Osyghan baylanysty 2016 jylghy qyrkýiekte BÚÚ-nyng Azaptaulardy boldyrmau jónindegi kishi komiyteti delegasiyasynyng saparynyng qorytyndysy boyynsha úsynystardyng kópshiligi últtyq zannamagha engizildi. Sonymen qatar, Qazaqstan BÚÚ-nyng sharttyq organdarymen osy mәsele boyynsha belsendi yntymaqtastyqty jalghastyruda. 2019 jyly BÚÚ-nyng Áyelderge qatysty kemsitushilikti joy jónindegi komiytetining 74-shi sessiyasynda 5-shi últtyq bayandama qorghaldy, onyng qorytyndysy boyynsha Qazaqstannyng aiqyn jetistikteri atap ótildi.

Búl rette memleket genderlik tendikti qamtamasyz etu salasynda qabyldap jatqan sharalargha qaramastan, elimizde genderlik sayasatty jýzege asyru birqatar shekteulerge tap boluda. Atap aitqanda, erler men әielder enbegining arasyndaghy genderlik jalaqy aiyrmashylyghyn azaytu mәseleleri ózekti bolyp qala beredi. 2018 jyly әielderding jalaqysy erlerding jalaqysynyng 65,8 payyzyn qúrady. Jalaqy tólenbeytin ýy jәne reproduktivti júmysqa tartu әielder arasynda joghary bolyp qaluda. Ol mәseleni de retteu zang ayasynda iske asuda.

Qazaqstan ana men bala qúqyghy, genderlik sayasatty berik ústanudy qúptaydy. Sondyqtan da BÚÚ aldyndaghy mindetin sәtti jýzege asyryp keledi. Qazaqstandaghy genderlik sayasat әrqashan sabaqtastyq pen tengerimdilik prinsipterine negizdelgen. Bәsekege qabilettilikting irgeli faktory retinde memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq sayasatta genderlik tendikti nyghaytu eldi túraqty damudyng kepildikterin qamtamasyz ete alady. Sol maqsatty is jýzinde jýzege asyru ýshin Qazaqstanda oblys әkimderi, ministrler men deputattar jәne basqa da lauazym iyelerining arasynda nәzik jandylardyng sany jeterlik.

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