Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 6778 0 pikir 19 Shilde, 2012 saghat 08:53

RENESSANS DÁUIRINING ALYBY

Sóz basy

Ortaghasyrlyq Italiyanyng kóginde europa órkeniyetining tegershigin shyr ainaldyrghan júldyz payda bolady. Qylqalam sheberi, injener, mehaniyk, plotniyk, muzykant, matematiyk, patologanatom, ónertapqysh dep bastalatyn Onyng bir basyndaghy tabighy daryny odan ary ...arheolog, meteorolog, astronom, sәuletshi... dep jalghasyp kete beretin. Ony júrt siqyrshy, «saytannyng qolshoqpary», Italiyandyq Faust bolmasa qúdiretti ruh dep shulasatyn. Jer basyp jýrip-aq anyzgha ainalghan Ol adamzat aqyl-oyynyng sheksizdigin pash etken-dýr. Ol - zamanynan ozyp tughan Vinchiylik Leonardo bolatyn dey kelip... biraq Ol qarapayym adamdarsha jer basyp jýripti, kýiinish pen sýiinishti de siz ben biz sekildi týisinipti dep bastalady Úly suretshining ómirbayany.

 

Nekesiz tughan bala

Sóz basy

Ortaghasyrlyq Italiyanyng kóginde europa órkeniyetining tegershigin shyr ainaldyrghan júldyz payda bolady. Qylqalam sheberi, injener, mehaniyk, plotniyk, muzykant, matematiyk, patologanatom, ónertapqysh dep bastalatyn Onyng bir basyndaghy tabighy daryny odan ary ...arheolog, meteorolog, astronom, sәuletshi... dep jalghasyp kete beretin. Ony júrt siqyrshy, «saytannyng qolshoqpary», Italiyandyq Faust bolmasa qúdiretti ruh dep shulasatyn. Jer basyp jýrip-aq anyzgha ainalghan Ol adamzat aqyl-oyynyng sheksizdigin pash etken-dýr. Ol - zamanynan ozyp tughan Vinchiylik Leonardo bolatyn dey kelip... biraq Ol qarapayym adamdarsha jer basyp jýripti, kýiinish pen sýiinishti de siz ben biz sekildi týisinipti dep bastalady Úly suretshining ómirbayany.

 

Nekesiz tughan bala

Leonardo da Vinchy 1452 jyly 15 sәuirde kórgen júrt súlulyghy tap surettegidey dep maqtasatyn Vinchy qalashyghynda, Piero degen 25 jasar notarius pen Katerina esemdi sharua qyzynyng ortasynda kýiek astynda dýniyege keledi. Leonardo ómirining alghashqy jyldaryn anasymen birge ótkizedi. Óitkeni әkesi bir baydyng qyzyna ýilenip ketken bolatyn. Alayda nekeli әielining púshpaghy qanamaghan Piero ýsh jasar nekesiz úlyn óz tәrbiyesine alady. Leonardo әli jórgegi keppegen sәby shaghynda tiriley airylghan anasynyng beynesin somdaugha ómir boyy niyet qylyp ótken desedi biletinder. Tipti «Madonna Litta» kartinasyndaghy emshektegi jasqa tolmaghan nәrestening jabyrqanqy janary suretshining anasyna degen mәngilik saghynyshy boluy kerek degen de boljam bar.

Ol zamanda Italiyada nekesiz tughan balany jatsynyp, shetqaqpaylau deytin әdet atymen bolmapty. Vinchiyding qaysy bir aituly adamdary bala Leonardonyng bolashaq taghdyryna tikeley yqpal etui de sodan bolsa kerek. Biraq tap sol sәtte sol adamdar qastarynda bolashaq kemengerding jýrgenin anghardy ma eken? Áy qaydam.

Leonardo on ýsh jasqa tolghanda ógey sheshesi baladan qaytys bolyp, ekinshi ret bas qúraghan әkesi kóp keshikpey taghy da boydaq qalady. Biraq sol boydaqtyq jer qoynyna deyin jalghasypty dep oilamanyzdar. Óitkeni jetpis segiz jas jasaghan әke tórt ret tósek janghyrtyp, 12 bala sýigen. Aytpaqshy, Pieronyng Francheska degen inisi bar edi de, kýndelikti kýibeng tirlikten qoly bir bosamaytyn әke ornyn kóp rette júrtqa aqyl aitudan basqagha qyry joq sol nemere aghasy basatyn. Bir isti bitirmey jatyp ekinshisine bas qoyatyn (keyin tolysqan shaghynda da talay-talay úly tuyndylardyng tolyq ayaqtalmay qaluyna sebep bolghan) shydamsyzdyq Leonardogha sol jenil oily, qiyaly әri sózuar aghasynan júqqanday. Onyng ýstine әkesi nan tabarlyq mamandyqqa baulysam dep alókpe bolghanmen, úlynyng qoghamdyq ortagha qoyyp kete bermeytin kisikiyiktigi jәne jol bermepti.

 

Ajdaha qalqany

Úly suretshining alghashqy qarymy turaly mynanday anyz bar. Áldebir sharuashylyqtyng qojayyny Leonardonyng әkesine injir aghashynan jasalghan qalqanyn tabystap túryp, tәuirleu suretshi tauyp, qalqannyng betine órnek saldyryp beruge ótinish qylady-mys. Al basy artyq júmysqa bola bas qatyrghysy kelmegen Piero búl sharuany úlyna tapsyrady. Sodan, qalqangha kózi týsken kisining zәresi zәr týbine ketse degen oy iyektep, Leonardo, jylan men qúbyjyq kepti qúrt-qúmyrysqalargha qaray otyryp qalqannyng betine qiyalghajayyp ajdahanyng suretin salghan eken. Ertesine rasynda balasynyng qolynan shyqqan dýniyeni kórip, qayran qalghan әkesi ony beyneleu ónerindegi kvatrochento tәjriybesin ústanushy Andreo deli Verrokkiogha jetektetip qoya bermesi bar ma. Sóitip bozbala jigit sol zamandaghy men degen suretshining sheberhanasynan bir-aq shyghypty.

 

Sapar basy

Ol zamanda Milan, Neapoli syndy italiyanyng iri qalalary óz aldyna jeke-dara memleket sanalatyn. Sol sekildi Florensiyany da Medichiyler әuleti basqarushy edi. Dәri-dәrmek satudyng arqasynda baylyq bitip, ataq jiyp, kele-kele sayasy salmaghy da artqan qondy әulet. Jas Leonardo tabaldyryghynan attaghan Andreo deli Verrokkionyng sheberhanasy osy әuletting bir mýshesi, tanymal mesenat Lorens Medichiyding iyeliginde bolatyn. Ol sarayynyng sәnin arttyru ýshin Verrokkiogha kartinalar, shaghyn mýsinder men oi-órnek týrlerine tapsyrys berip túrar edi. Mine osynday búiymtaylardyng arqasynda Leonardonyng túnghysh tuyndysy - mys shar men Santa Mariya deli Fiore shirkeuining aiqyshy (krest) dýniyege kelgen.

Orta ghasyrlarda sәuletshi men mýsinshining óneri ónerding shyny sanalmaytyn. Sol sekildi suretshilerge de bylayghy júrt qarapayym qúrylys syrlaushysy dengeyinde qaraytyn. Jighan bilimi men tәjriybesi jan baghudyng ózine әreng jarap, ildebaylap kýn keshetin atalmysh óner iyeleri sol baghagha tatityn da. Tek Verrokkiodan basqasy. Óitkeni Andreo talanty assa talghamyna da shek qoymay, qayta qadary qalinshe әne-mine júldyzy janghaly túrghan Leonardo da Vinchi, Pietro Perudjino, Sandro Bottichely syndy intelektualidyq qomaghaylardyng «qarnyn toydyrugha» janyn salatyn. Sheber antikalyq beynelerding «shanyn arshi» jýrip, ghylym men tehnikanyng zamanauy jetistikterin de qaperden tys qaldyrmaytyn. Trigonometriyany zerttep, adam denesin dәl sipattau ýshin kәdimgi mýrdeni kórneki qúral etip paydalanatyn. Sóitken degdar ústaz daryndy shәkirtterining shygharmashylyq tәsiline әjeptәuir әser etkeni dausyz. Búl túrghyda Da Vinchiyding kýndeligindegi adam denesining proporsiyasyn dәl eseptegen suret, «Angiary shayqasy» kartinasyndaghy qaharlana aiqaylaghan jauyngerding bet búlshyq etterining oiys-keyisi, bolmasa zamanynda adam kózining qúrylysyn zerttey kelip, alystaghy nәrseni dýrbimen kóruge bolatyny turaly boljam aituy, anatomiyalyq zertteulerde adam denesin jaryp kóruding nәtiyjesin qoryta otyryp, osy zamanghy ghylymy illustrasiyanyng negizin qalauy, mýshelerdi jәy týgendeuden olardyng atqaratyn mindetine kóship, aqyry organizmdi «tabighy mehanikanyn» ýlgisi dep qarauy... syndy ondaghan, jýzdegen mysaldar keltiruge bolady.

 

Ústazdyng jenilui

HV ghasyrda antikalyq iydealdardy qayta janghyrtu ýdey týsedi. Florensiya Akademiyasyna jinalghan Italiyanyng eng aqyldy qaushaqtary jana ónerding teoriyasyn qalyptap, tvorchestvadaghy jastar osy tarapta jaq-jaq bolyp kenirdekteri jyrtylghansha kerildesumen uaqyt ótkizetin. Biraq bala jastan boyyna singen kisikiyiktik Leonardony búl kezde de qara qazanday qaynaghan qoghamdyq ómirden aulaq әketken. Onyng ýstine ústazdyng sheberhanasyna bas súghuydy da siyretedi. Óitkeni ózining tól sheberhanasynyng irgesin kóteruge talpynyp jýrgen shәkirtting teoriyalyq talas-tartystarmen bas qatyrugha, shynyn aitqanda, uaqyty da joq edi.

Birde «Shoqyndyru» («Kreshenie Hrista») degen kartina dayyndaugha mindettelgen Verrokkio, sondaghy qatar túrghan eki perishtening birin Leonardogha jýkteydi. Ústazdyng kartinany shәkirterimen qosylyp saluy, keyde tipti býtin bir fragmentti eng talanty hәm enbekqor shәkirtke tapsyru siyaqty tәjriybeler sol kezdegi sheberhanalarda kezdesip túratyn jayt. Sonymenen ne kerek, kartinany ayaqtap bolyp es jighan ústaz, eki adamnyng oiynda týzilip, eki adamnyng qolymen kenepke qonghan qos perishtening adam aitsa nanghysyz ýilesimdi beynelerin kórip shalqasynan týsipti. Florensiyalyq suretshi әri arhiytektor, keyin óner salasyndaghy ózinen búrynghylar men zamandastary turaly biraz estelikter qaldyrghan Djordjo Vazariyding aituynsha, sol sәtinde qylqalamyn jerge atyp úrghan Andreo deli Verrokkio, sodan qaytip suret ónerine jolamay ketken kórinedi.

 

Sýrensiz «suret»

1472 jyly jiyrma jasar Leonardo florensiyalyq suretshilerding «Gilidi» (sayasy әlde dini) qoghamynyng mýsheligine ótedi. Búl әli kýnge ózining jeke sheberhanasynyng bolmauy sebepti ústazynyng qamqorlyghyna «alghys» aita almay jýrgen kezi edi. Sóitip jýrip 1476 jyly Leonardo sot zalynan bir-aq shyghady. Óitkeni onymen qosa taghy ýsh adamgha Djakopo Salitarelly atty 17 jasar zergermen gomoseksualidy qatnas jasaghan degen aiyp taghylady. Biraq qarsy taraptyng aighaqtarynyng jetkiliksizdiginen aman qalghan Leonardo da Vinchy men Sandro Bottichelly sodan keyin de eki ret osynday kelensizdikke shatylghan... Keyipkerimizding atyna joldanghan atalmysh qaralaulardyng qanshalyqty shyndaqqa janasary belgisiz. Belgilisi - Onyng qandayda bir dәrejede gomoseksualizmge degen qyzyghushylyghynyng bolghany. Sosyn taghy ...ómirden boydaq kýiinde ótken úly suretshining esh uaqytta әiel zatyna emirenbegeni aitylady.

 

Alghashqy ah úrghyzu

1478 jyly Leonardo alghash ret jeke tapsyrys alady. Oghan Sinioriy sarayyndaghy Áulie Bernard kapellasynyng túghyrnamalyq beynesin (altarinyy obraz) jasau jýktelgen. Jas maestronyng biraz aqsha tabumen qatar ózining kim ekenin tanytar bir mýmkindik osy edi. Biraq, túghyrnama tazalay bitpegen kýii qalady. Sonymen qatar, 1481 jyly qolgha alghan, Florensiyagha jaqyn Skopetoda túrghan San Donato monostyriindegi «Baqsylardyng bas iui» («Poklanenie volhvov») de osynyng ayaghyn qúshady.

...Sóitip Áulie Bernard kapellasyndaghy túghyrnamany basqa bir sheber ayaqtaydy. Al Leonardo bolsa osy sekildi әldeneshe júmysty júrtqa tastap, Florensiyadan kete barady. Osy orayda ataqty sheberding aituly dýniyeni ayaqsyz qaldyrarlyq shalaghaylyghyna ne sebep boldy degenge kelsek. Ol uaqytta tapsyrys berushi men suretshining arasyndaghy kelisim boyynsha josparly júmystyng aqysy bólip-bólip tólenui sebepti, sheberlerding kóbi uәde etilgen enbek aqynyng kelesi jarymyna jetkenshe әbden tityqtap biter edi. Sonday bir keppen jyrymdap beriletin bolmashy qarajat tәniri alqaghan talantty Leonardonyng da júmysqa degen qúlshynysyn oyata qoymasa kerek. Bir hatynda milandyq gersogtan nesie súraghan úly suretshining qadiri artyq, qaltasy júqa bolypty.

 

Ayaqtalmaghan «Atty alyp»

1482 jyly Leonardo Florensiyadan Milangha qonys audarghanyn aittyq. Milan ol jyldary qaru-jaraq jasaudyng iri ortalyghy. Ámbe Italiya jerindegi memleketsýrey qalalardyng arasynda kishi-girim soghystar bolyp túratyndyqtan, soghys qúralyn jasaushy sheberler men әskery qúrylysshylardyng qany jerge tambaushy edi. Da Vinchiydi de Milangha jetelegen - osy taraptaghy qarudyng tyng syzbasyn úsynyp, әmbebap әskery tehnika jasasam degen maqsat bolatyn.

Terisining qaralyghyna qaray «Mavr» («Ili Moro») atanyp ketken Milannyng gersogy Lodoviko Sforsa ólgen әkesi Franchesko Sforsagha arnap atty adamnyng alyp mýsinin jasap beretin sәuletshi izdettirip jatqan. Izdegenge súraghan. Búl habardy qúlaghy shalghan Leonardo gersogke dereu hat týrindegi rezumesin joldaydy. Onda ózin әri tәjriybeli әskery injener, әri qaru-jaraq jasaudyng bilgirimin dep kórsetken sheber hat sonyn: «...Mening qolymnan shyqqan atty adamnyng qola mýsini sizding әkeniz túrmaq, kýlli Sforsalar әuletining danqyn ghasyrdan ghasyr asyrmaq» - dep týiindeydi. Jәne otyzgha kelgenshe birde bir mýsin jasap kórmese de «Suret óneri - ónerding óneri, al sәulet - qaqqanda qanyndy, syqqanda sólindi alatyn qara júmystyng naghyz ózi» degen pikirden taymaghan Leonardonyn, qyzyq bolghanda qoladan qúiylar atty turaly aitqany qúr sóz emes edi. 1491 jyly Ol sazdan jasaghan qaru-jaraq modeliderin saraydyng aldyna әkep qoyghanda kórgen júrt kózin júmyp, auzyn ashypty. Tipti soghan deyin әlemdik mýsin ónerining ozyghy sanalyp kelgen Rim imperatory Mark Avreliyding at ýstindegi beynesi de Da Vinchy tek kórme ýshin jasaghan qaru-jaraq ýlgilerining janynda jip ese almay qalypty desedi.

Da Vinchy Franchesko Sforsqa arnalmaq atty adamnyng mәselesin qolgha alady. Biraq jasalu tehnologiyasy kýrdeli әri oigha alghan dýniyeni jerine jetkeruge sol kezdegi kýsh-quattyng jitimsizdiginen júmys tym bayau órbiydi. Al 1499 jyly Milangha fransuzdardyng shabuyl jasauy sebepti mýsin ónerine dep dayyndalghan mystyng bәri zenbirek qúngha ketedi de, sonyng kesirinen júmysty birjola toqtatugha tura keledi. Búl Leonardonyng milandyqtardyng arasynda maytalman muzykant, dekorator, saraydaghy saltanatty keshterding rejisseri degen atpen de tanyla bastaghan kezi bolatyn.

 

«Qúpiya bas qosu»

Milanda Leonardo ghasyr tuyndysy - Santa Mariya Grasiya monastyri ashanasynyng qabyrghasyna «Qúpiya bas qosu» freskasyn salady. Keybir kuәgerlerding aituynsha, Leonardo sondaghy on bir apostoldy qalanyng qarapayym adamdaryna qarap beynelegen. Al Isanyng elesin qaydan alghany belgisiz. Sheber Iudany somdau ýshin qalanyng sauyq qúru oryndaryn aralyp, ýlgini qylmyskerlerding arasynan izdepti-mys. Búl әriyne monastyr basshysyna únamasy haq. Sóitip onymen sózge kep qalghan Leonardo «Olay bolsa Iudanyng ornyna svyashennikting ózi túrsyn!» dep bir-aq qayyrypty deytin sóz bar.

Isa shәkirtterine kóp keshikpey olardyng biri satqyndyq jasaytynyn jariya qylar qúpiya bas qosu taqyrybynyng dramalyq kórinisine Leonardodan búryn da talay suretshi bas qoyghan. Alayda solardyng ishinde kompazisiyasy matematikalyq dәldikpen eseptelgen әri mәselening ómirshendigin tap basuy túrghysynan tek osy Da Vinchiyding týisinui avtordy әlemdik danqqa bólegeni adamzat balasyna ayan. Ol kvatrochento dәstýrin damyta otyryp, diny sujetterdi adamzattyng aluan týrli sezimderining ainasyna ainaldyra bildi. Al oghan deyin «Qúpiya bas qosu» sujetine qalam terbegen sheberler qatyp qalghan qaghidattan aspapty. Kóbinde Iuda ózge apostoldardan bólinip, jeke jayghasatyn, bolmasa kórermenge arqasyn berip, tórge - tórdegi topqa qarap otyratyn.

 

Tirannyng qol astynda

1499 jyly Milandy fransuzdar basyp alyp, Lodoviko Sforsa shetelge qashyp ketedi. Sóitip «qamqorshysyz» qalghan Leonardo aldymen Mantugha, sodan song Venesiyagha baryp, gersog Chezare Bordjinanyng qol astynda birneshe ay әskery injener qyzmetin atqarady.

Renesans dәuirin ulaumen aty anyzgha ainalghan Bordjina Rim papasy Aleksandr VI zansyz úly. 17 jasynda әkesining yqpalymen kardinal atanyp, 27 jasynda zúlymdyq pen qanisherligin algha salyp, jarty Italiyany dәregeyine keltirgen. Leonardony әskery keneske qabyldaghan ataqqúmar tirannyng taghy biraz dýniyeni taqymgha bassam degen aram oiy bolatyn. Chezare Bordjinanyng qol astynda jýrgen kezde Leonardo Imola qamalynyng bólshektengen kartasyn jasap, gersogtyng biyligin keneytu maqsatynda batpaqty jerdi sulandyrudyng jolyn tabady. Kóp keshikpey Aleksandr VI kóz júmyp, jaqsy әkening atyn qyryq jyldyq azyq qyla almaghan jaman bala taqtan tayady da, júmyssyz qalghan Leonardo etegin beline týrinip, bayaghy Florensiyasyna jol tartady.

 

Alyptar aiqasy

1504 jyly florenttikter Leonardogha Palasso Vekkiogha arnap freskagha tapsyrys beredi. Taqyryptyng arqauy - 1440 jylghy Angiary týbindegi shayqasta Milandy túqyrtqan Florensiya. Freskadaghy soghys kórinisteri túrmaq, onyng syrtqy masshtabynyng ózi ýlken tandanys tudyrady - tiginen 6,6 metr, kóldeneninen 17,4 metr. Búl uaqytta saraydyng qarsy qabyrghasyna jas Miykelandjelo Buonarrotiyding de qoltanbasy týsip jatqan. Qos alyptyng aiqasy kýli Floresiyanyng nazaryn ózderine audarady.

Qos kemengerding bir ónerge degen kózqarastary eki basqa. Leonardo suret ónerin intelektualidy óner, al mýsin ónerin - qara júmys sanasa, Miykelandjelo kerisinshe, mýsin jasaudy óner ataulynyng eng biyik formasy dep, kýnge tenep, keskindeme ónerin aigha balaydy. Eki alyptyng búl kýnge sózbe-sóz jetken mynanday sharpysuy bar. Leonardo: «Sender, mýsinshiler, betine әinekey sepken toqash sekildi tóbelerinnen tómen mәrmәrding shany basqan. Ýilering bitpey jatyp parshasy shyqqan mýsinderding qoqymy men synyqtarynan ayaq alyp jýrgisiz!» - dep tonqyldaydy. Ese-tendik bergisi kelmegen Miykelandjelo da: «Milandaghy atty Sforsany shala bitirgen men be, sen be?» - dep dýiim júrttyng kózinshe jar salatyn kórinedi.

Alyptardyng aiqasy ayaqsyz qalady. Óitkeni jarty jylda «Kashin shayqasynyn» nobayyn ghana keltirgen Miykelandjelo papanyng saghanasymen ainalysu ýshin Rimge ketken. Leonardo da qapaly edi. Óitkeni suret salu tehnikasyna engizgen tyng eksperiyment sony búldyray bastaghannan-aq toryqqan Ol, búl joly da qoldy bir siltep jýre beripti.

 

«Mono Liza»

(boljamdar men anyzdar)

«Angiary shayqasymen» ainalysa jýrip, Leonardo beyneleu ónerining tarihyndaghy eng tanymal portret - «Mono Lizany» da bastaghan bolatyn. Bir qyzyghy avtordyng múqym 7000 betke juyq kýndeliginde atauly portretting qalay salynghany turaly bir auyz sóz joq. Kartinagha kim tapsyrys berdi? Lәm-miym. Suretshi kuә bolarlyq birde bir qújat qaldyrmaghan.

Búl taraptaghy eng tanymal boljam Djordjo Vazarigha telinedi. Ol ózining «Ataqty suretshiler, mýsinshiler men sәuletshiler ómirinen» atty enbeginde: «Leonardo da Vinchy florensiyalyq bay saudager Franchesko deli Djakondagha arnap әieli Mono Lizanyng suretin salghan» dep jazady. Jәne bir boljam gersog Djuliano Medichiyding oinasyna qarap salghan degendi aitady. Polotno keyipkerlerine ýmitkerlerding taghy biri - gersoginya Mantuy Izabella d'Esta. Suretshining tanysy. Qaysybir zertteushilerding payymdauynsha keyipkerding keskin-kelbeti sol kezdegi tiri jýrgenderding eshqaysyna tiyesili emes. Leonardo da Vinchy «Djakondada» baqilyq bolghan anasyn beynelegen.

Bәrin ait ta, birin ait. Eng talassyz payym - «Mono Liza» úly suretshining beyneleu ónerindegi mәngilik qoltanbasy.

Óner zertteushilerining oiynsha Leonardonyng «Mono Lizasy» men «Djakondasy» ekeui eki basqa dýniye. 1505 jyly Da Vinchiyde qonaqta otyryp Rafaeli Santy salghan kóshirmede әiel beynesining tu syrtynda antikalyq dingekter tizbegi asqaqtap túrypty. Al bizge belgili týpnúsqada múnday dýnie atymen joq. Zertteushilerding Leonardo bir birine úqsas eki kartina salypty dep jýrgenderi sodan-au. Ne de bolsa úly suretshining óz qolynan shyqqan týpnúsqa tendessiz edi. Sonyng ýshin Milanda da, Rimde de, tipti myna jalghandaghy songhy túraq-mekeni - fransuzdardyng Ambuaza qorghanynda da Leonardo da Vinchy «Mono Lizasyn» janynan tastamapty.

 

Qonyltaqsu

1506 jyly Leonardo fransuzdardyng iyeligindegi Milangha baryp, ol jerde әigili «Áulie Anna Mariyamen jәne nәreste Isamen birge» polotnosyn syzyp, qayyq jýzerlik aryqtyng jobasyn jasaumen qatar tabighattyng qúpiyasyn zertteudi jalghastyrady.

1513 jyly Rimge taban tirep, bayaghy Medichiyler әuletinen shyqqan Lev H qamqorlyghyna bólenedi. Sheber onda Sikstin kapellasynyng basty freskasy - «Qorqynyshty sotqa» tapsyrys alarmyn dep ýmittengen. Biraq ol bayyrghy bәsekeles Miykelandjelogha búiyrady. Al Buonarroty bolsa isti bastaugha asyghar emes. Osynau úrymtal tústy mýlt jibermeuge úigharghan Leonardo eshkimge bildirmey «Qorqynyshty sottyn» eskiyzin jasaugha kiriseken. Átkenmen Vatikannan tapsyrys kýtumen sarghayghan suretshi aqyr sonynda kýndeligine: «Medichiyler meni asyrap-baqty, esesine týbime de jetti!» - dep jazypty.

Jalpy «janashyrlary» Da Vinchiyding túlghalyq qasiyetine mәn bermey, Onyng kemengerligin ózderining bir sәttik qajettilikterine ghana jaratqanday. Mәselen, úly suretshi gersog Sforsagha toy-tomalaqtyng úiymdastyrushysy retinde jipsiz baylansa, Chezare Bordjina bar bolghany sayasy hәm әskery ambisiyany iske asyrudyng qúraly kórgen. Esesine Leonardonyng ótkinshi ómir, key adam mәngilik menshigim sanaghanmen býgin bar da erteng joq aumaly ataq-danq turaly óz týigeni bar. «Myna jalghannan qanshama imperator, qanshama knyaz ótti, biraq olar turaly eshqanday estelik joq. Beybaqtar artyna ataq qaldyru ýshin memleket qúryp, baylyq jiumen trashtanghan edi» - dep jazypty danyshpan.

 

Songhy sapar

Ludovik HII-ning ornyna taqqa otryghan koroli Fransisk I Leonardo da Vinchiyding songhy janashyry. El qatarly Fransiya da ónerimen gýldese eken degendi armandaytyn monarh, zamanynda Miykelandjelo men Rvfaelidi de sarayyna shaqyrtqan eken, biraq ótinishi oryndalmapty. Áueli Leonardonyng ózi kәrilik mendegesin amaldyng joqtyghynan shaqyrudy qabyl alyp, sýiikti shәkirtterining birnesheuin qasyna ertip sapargha shyghypty-mys.

Fransiska I-ding reziydensiyasy Parijding ontýsting batysyndaghy Ambuaza qorghanynda. Leonardo sol jerdegi túrghan ornyna baylanysty Klu atalyp ketken qamaldan syilyqqa shaghyn ýi-jay alady. Obaly qanekey, jas monarh alpys tórt jasar danyshpandy «Áke» («mon pere») dep atap, barynsha qúrmet tútypty. «Men jalpaq әlemde Odan asqan ghylym men ónerding bilgiri joghyna senimdimin». Búl Fransiska I-ding Leonardo da Vinchy turaly pikiri.

Fransiyada Leonardo suret salmaq túrmaq, ong qolynan әl ketip, bireuding kómeginsiz jýrip-túrudan da qalghan. Sóitip qatarynan ýsh jyl tósek tartyp jatqan Da Vinchy alpys segizge shyghady. Ary qarayghy tirshilikten ýmit joq. Syrqat suretshi 1519 jyly 23 sәuirde bar dýniyesin sýiikti shәkirti Franchesko Melisigha amanattap, arada taghy segiz kýn ótip, toghyzynshy kýni fәniyden baqigha attanyp kete barypty. Sýiegi sol Ambuaz qorghanynyng irgesinde jatyr.

Kórkem audarma jasaghan - Núrlan QABDAYÚLY

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