Sәrsenbi, 24 Sәuir 2024
Biylik 1436 0 pikir 21 Tamyz, 2021 saghat 15:58

Parlamentting damu tarihy: jýie jәne ózgeris

Qazaqstanda sayasy reformalar keninen jýrip jatyr. Preziydent sayasy partiyalardyng saylaudaghy shektik mejesin azaytty, sonymen qatar auyl әkimderin saylau prosesine engizdi, endigi tanda audan әkimderin engizu úsynylyp otyr. Mitingterge qatysty ózgertuler jasaldy. Atalmysh sayasy reformalardy Europa elderine aitu jәne azamattyq qogham qúru jolyndaghy talpynysymyzdy kórsetu manyzdy. Búl imidj ben reyting jәne investisiya aghymy degendi bildiredi. Parlament te qúrylghan sәtten bastap san ózgerdi. Sayasattanushy Janar Sanhaeva Parlamenttik jýiening damuy erekshe negizde boldy dep jazady.

Qazaqstanda tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin memlekettik qúrylymnyng demokratiyalyq modeline negizdelgen memlekettik basqaru jýiesin qúrudyng belsendi kezeni bastaldy. 1995 jylghy Konstitusiya shenberinde elding sayasy jýiesi biylik tarmaqtarynyng atqarushy, zang shygharushy jәne sotqa bólinui negizinde qalyptasty. Biylikti bólu prinsiypi biylikting shoghyrlanuyn boldyrmaugha mýmkindik berdi, sonymen birge әrbir tarmaq óz qúzyreti sheginde júmys isteytin birtútas memlekettik mehanizm qúrdy.

Zang shygharu funksiyasy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Parlamentine jýkteldi, ol óz kezeginde ókiletti biylikting bir palataly organy - Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesin almastyrdy. 90-shy jyldar zang shygharushy organdy qayta qúrudyng negizi desek qatelespeymiz. Dәl osy kezde qoghamda sayasy pluralizm qúndylyqtarynyng enuine jәne partiyalyq qúrylymdardyng әleumettik bazasynyng kenenine negiz qalaghan әleumettik differensiasiya prosesteri kýsheye týsti.

Osylaysha, 1990 jylghy saylaugha eki mynnan astam kandidat qatysty, olardyng 90-y respublikalyq qoghamdyq úiymdardan saylandy. Óz kezeginde, 1994 jylghy saylauda 135 bir mandatty okrugke 692 kandidat qatysty. Osy saylaulardyng nәtiyjesinde Jogharghy Keneste 4 partiyalyq fraksiya men 14 deputattyq top qúryldy, osylaysha Parlamentting kóppartiyalyq jýiesining negizin qalady jәne sayasy partiyalargha sheshim qabyldaugha әser etuding naqty mýmkindigin berdi.

Býginde Parlament eki palataly bola otyryp, Senat pen Mәjilisten túrady, osylaysha respublikalyq qana emes, sonymen qatar aimaqtyq mýddelerding úsynyluyna kepildik beredi. 1996-1997 jj. «Parlamentting bólinui» deputattardyng ózara talaptylyghyn jogharylatugha, sóitip «shiyki» zandardy qabyldau yqtimaldyghyn tómendetuge «septigin tiygizedi». Zang shygharushy organdy eki bólek palatagha bólu - jalpygha ortaq halyqaralyq tәjiriybe. Parlamentaralyq odaqtyng mәlimeti boyynsha, 2021 jylgha qaray әlemning 42,2% nemese 81 últtyq zang shygharushy organdary eki palataly, al 57,8% nemese 111 bir palataly.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy tәuelsizdigining 30 jylynda qos palataly Parlament elding qoghamdyq-sayasy damuynyng barlyq kezenderinde ózining birizdiligi men tiyimdiligin rastady. Songhy alty shaqyrylymda Parlamentting eki palatasy 2900-den astam zang qabyldady, olardyng kópshiligi ekinshi jәne tórtinshi shaqyrylymdargha tiyesili. Jalpy alghanda, Parlamentting osynday belsendi zang shygharu qyzmeti әleumettik-sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq reformalardy jýzege asyruda jәne eldegi azamattyq qogham negizderin nyghaytuda jýieli ilgerileudi qamtamasyz etkenin atap ótuge bolady.

2017 jylghy konstitusiyalyq reforma, zang shygharushy organnyng ókilettikterin keneytu, ókildik institutyn kýsheytip qana qoymay, sonymen qatar Parlamentke jana mindetter qoydy. Olar 2021 jyldyng qantarynda jana saylau erejeleri boyynsha saylandy. Sayasy reformalardyng birinshi paketi Q.K. Toqaev úsynysymen jariyalandy. Óz kezeginde Preziydentting parlamenttik qyzmetti reformalau jónindegi bastamalary sheteldik sarapshylar men sayasatkerler arasynda ong jauap tapty. Atap aitqanda, Europarlament deputaty Viola fon Kramon «әielder men jastargha 30 payyzdyq mindetti kvotanyng engizilui, sonday-aq zang shygharu prosesinde oppozisiyanyng rólining kýshengi kópten kýtken ózgeris» ekenin atap ótti.

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