Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Ádebiyet 7601 1 pikir 23 Nauryz, 2021 saghat 17:41

«Moabit dәpteri». Qapasta jazylghan jyrlar

Tatardyng kýresker, úly aqyny Músa Mústafaúly Jәlel ótken ghasyrdaghy qazaqtyng astanasy bolghan, qazirgi Reseyding qúramyndaghy Orynbor oblysynyng aumaghyndaghy Mústafa auylynda 1906 jyly dýniyege kelgen. Kishkentayynan auyldaghy qazaq balalarymen oinap ósken ol, qazaqshagha jetik bolghan. Alghashqy ólen-jyrlaryn bozbala kezinen bastap jaza bastaghan daryndy aqyn, 1931 jyly Mәskeuding Memlekettik uniyversiytetin ýzdik bitiredi. Sonan keyingi jyldary, sol Mәskeude shyghatyn tatar tilindegi «Jas dostar» jәne «Oktyabri perzenti» jurnaldarynyng redaktory bolyp qyzmet atqarady. Osy uaqyttarynda ainalasyna tatardyng jәne bauyrlas  týrki elderining oqyp jýrgen jastaryn jinap, olardyng el bolashaghy ýshin dúrys jolgha týsip,  qajyrly júmys isteulerine septigin tiygizedi. Sonday-aq, tughan eline kelip, 1939-1941 jyldary Tatarstan Jazushylar odaghy basqarmasynyng tóraghasy bolyp qyzmet etedi. Soghys bastalghan jyldary Kenestik Qyzyl armiyanyng qatarynda, qalammen, qarumen fashisttik Germaniyagha qarsy  soghysqa qatysady. Soghys bitken son, marqúm bolyp ketse de, 1956 jyly súrapyl maydanda kórsetken erligi ýshin Kenes Odaghynyng Batyry ataghy beriledi. Osy ataqqa deyin, 1948 jyly KSRO Memlekettik syilyghynyng laureaty ataghymen marapattalady.

Aqyn ózining tiri kezinde jazghan: «Tarazy», «Ótken joldar», «Ekpindi partizan», «Kóktem sapary», «Ordendi milliondar» taghy basqa jyr kitaptarymen jәne «Altynshash», «Ilidar» operalarynyng avtory retinde keninen tanylady. Onyng jau qapasynda tar jol, tayghaq keshude  jýrip jazghan ataqty «Moabit týrmesinde» atty ólender jinaghy Kenester Odaghynda joghary baghalanyp, keyinnen tatardyng búl ataqty azamatyna úly Múhtar Áuezovtyng dәneker boluymen, halyqaralyq Lenindik syilyqtyng laureaty ataghy beriledi.

Sol jau qolynda tútqyn bola jýrip;

- Ashshy mynau qaranghylyq sarayyn,

Boy jazayyn, bostandyqqa barayyn!

Qayda sonda erkin ósken keng dalam?

Kóz jiberip biyik shynnan qarayyn! – dep ashy jalynmen jyrlaydy.

Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, Músa Jәlel qazaqsha jaqsy sóilegen azamat. Qazaq әnderin naqyshyna keltirip oryndaytyn adam bolghan. Mýmkin múnysy Orynbor aimaghyndaghy qazaqtardyng arasynda óskendikten bolar. Qazaq elin sonshalyqty qúrmettegen.

Soghystyng alghashqy uaqyttarynda Kenes Odaghynyng әskerleri nemis fashistterinen kýirey jenilip, keri shegingendigin bilemiz. Kóptegen Kenes armiyalary jaudan oisyray útylyp, qúramyndaghy milliondaghan adamdar nemisterding qolyna týsti. Ásirese, Qyrym týbegimen, Harikov baghytyndaghy maydanda Kenes әskerleri týbegeyli jenildi. 47, 44, 51 jәne 9, 57, 6-shy  armiyalardyng tas-talqany shyghyp, qyrylyp ketti. Belarussiya men Ukraina jau qolynda qaldy.  Leningrad qorshaugha alyndy. Sonyng bir dәleli, armiya generaly Vlasovtyng satqyndyq әreketining arqasynda, qaramaghyndaghy million jarym adam fashistterding qolyna berildi. Búlar, Mәskeudi de tastap keterme edi, eger Qazaqstandyq 316-shy diviziya bolmaghanda!

Maydan dalasyndaghy súrapyl soghys kezinde, maydandyq «Otvaga» gazetining tilshisi Músa Jәlelding iyghyna jau oghynyng jarqynshaghy tiyedi. Dәriyanyng asau tolqyny soqqanday ony redaksiyanyng arnayy mashinasynan júlyp alyp, biraz jerge laqtyryp tastaydy. Sol jaq búrghanasy edәuir zaqymdanghan onyng sol qoly salbyrap bos qalady. Búl 1942 jyldyng shilde aiy bolatyn. Búnyng qalay bolghandyghyn aqynnyng «Moabit dәpterindegi» «Keshire gór, Otan» degen óleni jauap beredi. Qatty jaralanyp, qansyraghan jauynger aqyn ózin endi bolmaghanda atyp tastay jazdaydy, biraq, qolyndaghy qaruy ot almay qalady. Sóitip, jau qolyna týsedi.

Músa Jәlel taghdyr tәlkegimen әueli Dvinsk týbindegi, sodan song Riga, Kaunas manayyndaghy, keyin Helim, Orsh, Sedlis, Vustrau eldi mekenderindegi lagerlerdi kezedi. Birneshe ay osylay biraz jerdi sharlatyp, sandaltqan song nemister ony Polisha jerindegi Demblin qorghanyndaghy qapasqa әkeledi. Edil aimaghynan shyqqan últtardy, negizinen tatarlar men bashqúrttardy, fashistter osy jerge jinay bastady. Búl týsinikti jaghday bolatyn. Óitkeni, 1942 jyldyng sәuir aiynda Gitler әrtýrli últtyq bólimderdi, sonday-aq, tamyzda Edil – Oral halyqtarynyng (onyng ishinde qazaqtarda bar) legionyn qúru jónindegi búiryqqa qol qoyady. Týrkistan Últtyq komiytetint Valy Kaym-han jetekshilik etse, Edil tatarlary komiytetin Shafy Almazov basqarady. Músa Jәlel ózining dostarymen birge, tútqyngha týsken kenes әskerleri arasynda listovkalar taratyp, qúpiya jaghdayda jasyryn qarsylasu tobtaryn qúrady. Biraq, aralarynan shyqqan satqyndardyng kesirinen, jau jaghy búlardyng әreketin bilip qoyyp, Músa Jәlel 1943 jyldyng tamyzynda Radomda qatang qadaghalaudaghy abaqtygha jabylady. Sonymen qatar, kelesi kýni Radom, Edliyn, sonday-aq, Berlindegi, Poznanidaghy, Gamburgtegi, Vustraudaghy, Sviynemunde ornalasqan lagerlerdegi búlardyng jaqtastary týgelimen tútqyngha alynady. Qatty qinaudan ótken aqynnyng qoldary syndyrylyp, sausaqtary uaqtalady. Biraq, aqyn men onyng jaqtastary ózderinen basqa eshkimdi ústap bermeydi. 1944 jyldyng tamyzynda ótken әskery sot búlardy atu jazasyna kesedi. Sonday-aq, Músa Jәlelmen birge otyrghan Moabiyt, Tegeli, Shpandau jәne Drezden týrmelerindegi myndaghan tatarlardy búlarmen qosyp, bir uaqytta atyp tastaydy.

Endi, «Moabit dәpterinin» bizge qalay jetkenin aita keteyik.

Fashisttik týrmelerde tútqyn bolyp jýrgen Músa Jәlel, jaugha qarsylastardyng astyrtyn tobyna qatysyp, kóptegen is-sharalargha jetekshilik etedi. Osy togtyng qúramyndaghy qandy kóilek dosy, belgili tatar aqyny Abdolla Álishting óleng dәpteri men óz dәpterin qosyp, sol týrmedegi Ghabbas Sharipov degenge tabys etedi. «Bizding búl tozaqtan shyghu-shyqpauymyz eki talay, al seni bosatugha tiyis. Sondyqtan, sen búl dәpterlerdi aman saqtap, kóshirip jazyp alyp, elge jónelte alatyn senimdi bireuge tapsyr», - deydi ol Sharipovqa. Aytqanday, Ghabbas Sharipov týrmeden bosatylyp, 1944 jyly Fransiyagha jóneltiledi. Onda ol әlgi dәpterlerdi Nyghymet Tóreghúlov degenge beredi. Sol Tóreghúlov 1946 jyly múny Tatarstan Jazushylar Odaghyna tabys etedi. Al ekinshi dәpteri týrmeles Beligiyalyq dosy Andre Tammermons arqyly jetkeni belgili. Degenmen, Músanyng ýshinshi dәpteri bolghan degen de laqap bar. Biraq, әzirge onyng taghdyry belgisiz.

Dәpterding birinde 60, ekinshisinde 33 óleng bar.  Sonyng birinshisining songhy múqabasynda aqyn ózining ósiyet-tilegin jazyp qaldyrghan eken.

«Tatarsha oqy biletin jәne dәpterdi oqyp shyqqan dosqa. Múny jazghan belgili tatar aqyns Músa Jәlel. Onyng mәn-jayy mynaday: 1906 jyly tughan. Moskvada da, Qazanda da pәteri bar. Óz elinde ýlken aqyndardyng biri bop sanalady. 1942 jyly maydanda aiqastarda jýrip, tútqyngha týsip qaldy. Sol tútqynda azap ataulynyng bәrin basynan keshirdi, qysqa kýnde 40 ólimnen ótti, sodan song Berlinge әkelindi. Múnda ol astyrtyn úiymdargha, sovet nasihatyn taratugha qatysty dep aiyptalyp, týrmege qamaldy. Endi ony ólim jazasyna kesedi. Óledi ol. Biraq, tútqyn men qamauda jýrip jazghan 115 óleni artynda qalyp bara jatyr. Onyng oilaytyny da solardyng taghdyry. Sondyqtan ol 115 ólening eng bolmasa alpysyn kóshirip jazyp qaldyrugha talpyndy. Eger osynau dәpter sening qolyna tie qalsa, múqiyat, úqyptap aq qaghazgha kóshirip jazyp, saqtap qoya kór de, soghystan song Qazangha habarla, tatar halqynyng qaza tapqan aqynynyng ólenderi dep jaryqqa shyghar. Mening ósiyetim osy. Músa Jәlel. 1943. Dekabri.», - dep jazypty.

Jyrymnan ot tútandyrdym gýrletip,

Ayttym, jýrek, әdilettik qosqandy.

Jyrymmenen jendim jaudy kýiretip,

Jyrymmenen ayaladym dostardy, - dep jazady qapasta jýrgen tatar aqyny.

Soghystan keyin ardager aqyndy tughan eli qayta tiriltti deuge bolady. Onyng esimin qaza tapqan myndaghan adamdardyng ishinen izdep tauyp, arshyp alu, әr jyryn bagha jetpestey baghalau jәne dýnie jýzine maqtanyshpen pash etu onay sharua emes. Zamannyng qiyn kezining ózinde-aq, Kremliden talab etu arqyly, Kenes Odaghynyng batyr ataghyn bergizu, Lenindik syilyqtyng iyegeri atandyru, tatar júrty ýshin onay bolghan joq. Múnday talapshyldyq pen kýreskerlik bizding qazaqtar ýshin de ýlgi tútarlyq is deuge bolady.

Músanyng «Moabit dәpterindegi» jazghan ólenderi – biyik kórkemdik qasiyetke, naghyz aqyndyq sheberlikke, ghalamat kýsh-qayratqa, jarqyn optimizmge jәne partiotizmge toly ólender.  Sonymen qatar, búl jyrlardyng jauyngerlik kýshin aita kele, onyng ghajayyp lirik ekenin de kóruge bolady. Ólenderin oqyp otyrghanda, adam tebirenbey qoymaydy.

Bostandyq elimmenen, halyqpenen

Birge bop, tolghap algha bara berem! – dep ózining aqyndyq baghytyn úsynady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister odaghynyng mýshesi

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