Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 3050 0 pikir 1 Qarasha, 2010 saghat 12:00

TÁUELSIZ ELIMIZDING NEGIZGI TÚGhYRY

1926 jyly Qazaqstannyng birinshi Konstitusiyasy SSRO qúrylghan son, 1925 jyly 18 aqpandaghy QazASSR Ortalyq atqarushy komiytetting qaulysynyng naqty redaksiyasymen jәne Qazaqstan RSFSR qol astynda bolghandyqtan 1925 jylghy RSFSR Konstitusiyasynyng esebimen qabyldandy. Atalmysh negizgi zang basqaru formasyn, memleket qúrylymyn, sayasy tәrtipti, memlekettik biylik organdarynyng qúrylymyn, atqarushy-basqaratyn organdardyng qúrylymyn bekitti. Budjet, saylau qúqyqtarynyng negizderi anyqtaldy. Atalmysh Konstitusiyagha sәikes Qazaqstan RSFSR qúramynda teng qúqyqty respublika boldy.
1937 jylghy 26 nauryzda H býkil qazaqtar qúryltay kenesinde qabyldanghan Qazaq SSR Konstitusiyasy 11 bólim jәne 125 baptan qúraldy. Onda bylay dep jazylghan: «SSSR Konstitusiyasynyng 14 babynan tys Qazaq SSR-i ózining tәuelsiz qúqyqtaryn tolyq saqtay otyryp, memlekettik biylikti óz betimen jýzege asyrady». Sonymen qatar, 1937 jylghy Konstitusiyada basqa teng qúqyqty respublikalarmen ekonomika, qorghanys baghytynda ózara jәrdemdesu maqsatynda erikti týrde birigu (13 bap), QazSSR-ding kelisiminsiz territoriyany ózgertpeu (16 bap), joghary respublikalyq jәne jergilikti memlekettik biylik organdaryn qalyptastyrghan respublikany engizu mәseleleri, zannamany oryndaudy baqylau, memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq tәrtipti, azamattardyng qúqyghyn qorghau, salyq óndiru jәne t.b. (19 bap) qamtylghan.

1926 jyly Qazaqstannyng birinshi Konstitusiyasy SSRO qúrylghan son, 1925 jyly 18 aqpandaghy QazASSR Ortalyq atqarushy komiytetting qaulysynyng naqty redaksiyasymen jәne Qazaqstan RSFSR qol astynda bolghandyqtan 1925 jylghy RSFSR Konstitusiyasynyng esebimen qabyldandy. Atalmysh negizgi zang basqaru formasyn, memleket qúrylymyn, sayasy tәrtipti, memlekettik biylik organdarynyng qúrylymyn, atqarushy-basqaratyn organdardyng qúrylymyn bekitti. Budjet, saylau qúqyqtarynyng negizderi anyqtaldy. Atalmysh Konstitusiyagha sәikes Qazaqstan RSFSR qúramynda teng qúqyqty respublika boldy.
1937 jylghy 26 nauryzda H býkil qazaqtar qúryltay kenesinde qabyldanghan Qazaq SSR Konstitusiyasy 11 bólim jәne 125 baptan qúraldy. Onda bylay dep jazylghan: «SSSR Konstitusiyasynyng 14 babynan tys Qazaq SSR-i ózining tәuelsiz qúqyqtaryn tolyq saqtay otyryp, memlekettik biylikti óz betimen jýzege asyrady». Sonymen qatar, 1937 jylghy Konstitusiyada basqa teng qúqyqty respublikalarmen ekonomika, qorghanys baghytynda ózara jәrdemdesu maqsatynda erikti týrde birigu (13 bap), QazSSR-ding kelisiminsiz territoriyany ózgertpeu (16 bap), joghary respublikalyq jәne jergilikti memlekettik biylik organdaryn qalyptastyrghan respublikany engizu mәseleleri, zannamany oryndaudy baqylau, memlekettik jәne qoghamdyq tәrtipti, azamattardyng qúqyghyn qorghau, salyq óndiru jәne t.b. (19 bap) qamtylghan.
Sonday-aq, sot jәne prokuratura jýiesi qúryldy. Halyqtyq sot tóreshileri audan azamattarynyng jabyq dauys berui arqyly býkil halyqtyq, tikeley jәne teng saylau qúqyghy negizinde saylandy, sot júmysy qazaq tilinde, basqa últtar kóp aimaqtarda olardyng tilinde jýrgizilui kerek bolatyn (83-90 baptar).
1937 jylghy Konstitusiyada azamattardyng negizgi mindetteri men qúqyqtary anyqtalghan: enbektenuge qúqyly bolu (96 bap), demalysqa qúqyly bolu (97 bap), kәrilikte, enbekke jaramsyzdyq jәne aurugha shaldyghu jaghdayyn-da materialdyq qamsyzdandyru (98 bap), densaulyqty qorghau, sóz bostandyghy, baspasóz, jinalys, miting, kóshe sheruleri jәne demonstrasiyalardyng kepildikteri, adamnyng jeke basyna, baspanasyna qol súghylmaushylyq, azamattardyng jat jazuyna, sheteldik azamattardyng bas saughalau qúqyghy.
1978 jylghy 20 aqpanda respublikanyng Joghary Kenesi shaqyrghan kezekten tys VII sessiyada qabyldanghan Qazaq SSR Konstitusiyasy preambuladan, 10 tarau, 19 bólim, 173 baptan túrady. Soghan sәikes barlyq biylik halyqqa tiyesili, onda halyq júmysshylar, krestiyandar jәne enbek intelliygensiyalarynyng klastaryna bólingen. Biylik jәne basqaru organdarynyng ýstinen Qazaq SSR Komunistik partiyasy qoyyldy (6 bap). Respublikanyng ekonomikalyq jýiesining negizi retinde memlekettik, kooperativtik-kolhozdyq, kәsipodaq jәne basqa da qoghamdyq úiymdardyng menshigi jariyalandy.
1978 jylghy Konstitusiyada respublikanyng últtyq memlekettik jәne әkimshilik-territoriyalyq qúrylymy, jergilikti biylik jәne basqaru organdarynyng qúzireti (78-83, 97-139 baptar), saylau jýiesining qaghidattary, halyq deputattarynyng qúqyqtyq mәrtebesi, ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik damytudy memlekettik josparlau instituttary, memlekettik budjet, sot tóreligi, arbitraj, prokurorlyq qadaghalau jәne t.b. anyqtalghan bolatyn.
1990 jyldardyng basynda Qazaq SSR-inde, sodan keyin tәuelsiz Qazaqstanda birneshe zang qabyldandy, onda 1978 jylghy Konstitusiyagha eleuli ózgertuler engizildi. 1990 jylghy «Memlekettik biylik qúrylymyn jetildiru turaly» zangha sәikes Konstitusiyagha Preziydentting atqarushy jәne oryndaushy biylikting basshysy ekeni turaly ózgeris engizildi, Ministrler kenesi Ministrler Kabiyneti bolyp qayta qúryldy. Basqa da zandardyng arasynda 1991 jylghy 15 aqpandaghy «Jergilikti ózin-ózi basqaru jәne Qazaq SSR halyq deputattarynyng jergilikti Kenesi turaly» Zan, 1991 jylghy 10 jeltoqsandaghy «Qazaq Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng atauyn ózgeru turaly» Zany, 1991 jylghy 20 jeltoqsandaghy «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamattyghy turaly» konstitusiyalyq zany jәne taghy basqalar bar. 
Tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng alghashqy Konstitusiyasy Qazaqstannyng Joghary Kenesining IX sessiyasynda 1993 jylghy 28 qantardaghy XII shaqyrylymynda qabyldandy. Qúrylymy preambuladan, 4 bólim, 21 tarau jәne 131 baptan túrady. Konstitusiya memlekettik tәuelsizdik alghan kýninen bastap kóptegen qúqyqtyq normalardy qamtydy: halyq tәuelsizdigi, memleketting tәuelsizdigi, biylikti bólu qaghidattary, qazaq tilin memlekettik til retinde moyyndau, Preziydentti memleket basshysy retinde moyyndau, sot organdary -Joghary, Konstitusiyalyq jәne Joghary Arbitrajdyq sottar jәne basqalar. 1993 jylghy Konstitusiyanyng negizine parlamenttik respublika modeli jatady.
Qazirgi Ata Zangha 1998, 2007 jәne 2010 jyldary Preziydentting ókildigin keneytetin eleuli ózgerister engizildi.
Alayda Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiya tarihyna qarasaq, osy Ata zandy qabyldaumen memleketimizge jana jaghday tughyzylyp, osy zamangha sәikes demokratiyalyq institutymen demokratiyanyng negizgi prinsipterin iske asyrdy: biylikti tarmaghyn ýshke bólu arqyly - zang shygharushy, atqarushy jәne sottyq óz ara naqty tetigimen ústauy jәne qarsy alysatyn. 
Qazaqstan Respublikasy - Preziydenttik basqaru nysanyndaghy birtútas memleket (2 bap).
Preziydenttik institut eki palataly Parlamentpen, Memleketpen jәne Konstitusiyalyq kenespen iske asyrylady. Osy memlekettik modelide, qazir beybitti jәne aman-esen qazaqstandyqtar, Konstitusiyada bekitilgendey memleketimizde ómir sýrude.
Konstitusiya - ol qay-bir memleketting bolmasyn túraqty jotasy, zang shygharatyn bazanyng fundamenti. Barlyq zandar tek qana Ata Zangha sýienip qabyldanady. Býgingi kýndik ómirimiz osy Konstitusiyanyng qazaqstandyqtar qoghamynyng mentaliytetine sәikes, bolashaqtargha jәne bizding elimizding maqsattaryna jauap beretin zan. Alda tolyq jetildiruler engizilui mýmkin, biraq býgingi kýni Konstitusiya - qoghamda tuyndaytyn talaptargha say jәne bolashaqqa baghdarlanghan Ata zan.

 

E. OSPANOV

 

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