Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
9531 0 pikir 2 Jeltoqsan, 2016 saghat 10:14

KENESARYNYNG ShEYIT BOLGhANYNA 170 JYL. QALAY ATAP ÓTEMIZ?

2017 jyly Últ-azattyq qýresting tuyn kótergen qazaqtyng songhy hany –  Kenesarynyng sheyit bolghanyna 170 jyl tolady

Bismilyahy Rahmany Rahiym!

 

                                        O, Jaratqan IYem!

                                                         Meni quant, Isimdi jenildet,

                                                 Tilimning baylauyn shesh,
                                                                              Olar mening sózimdi týsinsin.(Taha sýresi)

 

Alla qalasa, kelesi 2017 jyl Han Kenening qayghyly sheyit bolghanyna 170 jyl tolady. Osy jayynda han úrpaqtary men aldynghy qatarly elding izgi niyetti bir top azamattary oy qorytyp, ómirlerining eng songhy kezenderin osy ontýstik ónirde ótkizgen  jalghyz han Kene emes, onyng ýzengiles, birge opat bolghan adal serikteri, batyr-jauyngerlerining ruhtaryna arnap, qasiyetti Taraz qalasynda tamyz aiynyng birinshi jartysynda Qúran baghyshtap, As bersek degen úsynys-sheshim qabyldaghan edik.

Alla búiyrtsa, Qúran oqylar, As beriler, diny is-sharagha eshkim de qarsy bola qoymas! Óitkeni, Kenesary han, tek óz úrpaqtaryna ghana kerek emes, barsha qazaqqa qajet tarihi, ortaq, Úly túlgha! Kózi qaraq el azamattary eshqashanda  songhy hanymyzy úmytqan joq! Qazaq eli egemendik alghan son, Kenesary jayynda bilgisi kelgender qatary kýnnen-kýnge artuda. Olay deytinimiz, Kenes ýkimeti kezinde qazaqtar ýshin, búl taqyryp jabyq, qúpiya týrinde boldy. Osyghan oray, qysqasha ghúmyrnamasyna toqtala keteyik.

Kenesary Qasymúly, 1802 jyly Kókshetau ónirinde dýniyege kelgen. 1847 jyly Qyrghyzstandaghy, ontýstik Jetijal alabyndaghy «Kekilik-Sengir» angharynda, Toqmaqqa jaqyn jerde qyrghyzdarmen bolghan shayqasta qolgha týsip,  qaza tapqan – memleket qayratkeri, әskery qolbasshy, qazaq halqynyng 1837-1847 jyldardaghy Últ-Azattyq qozghalysynyng kósemi jәne Qazaqtyng songhy hany (1841-1847). Shejire boyynsha, ol Úly handardyng Úlysy Shynghys hannyng 20-shy úrpaghy, Abylay hannyng nemeresi. Ataqty Abylaydyng qalmaq qontayshysy Galdan-Serenning tuysy Hoshu mergenning qyzy, Topysh hanymnan dýniyege kelgeni, belgili, Qasym súltannyng úly.

Qasym súltannyng bәibishesi – Aykýmisten Kenesary (alty aghayyndy – Sarjan, Esengeldi, Kóshek, Aghatay, Bopy jәne batyr qyz Bopay hansha), ekinshi әielinen Nauryzbay batyr tughan. Ýlken atalarymyzdyng aituy boyynsha, han Kenesarynyng jeke basynda, ata-babadan kele jatqan tektilikten de basqa, airyqsha nyshandary mol bolghan. Solardyng suretteui boyynsha, bylay aitylushy edi: «... orta boyly, denesinde artyq aram et joq, qúj moyyn adam edi. Kýn qaqqan betinde, tanauy jelbezek qaghyp, qyran kózderi, aqylynyng ainasy, jalt-júlt etip, shoq siyaqty janyp túratyn, az sóileytin, jýzi sabyrly, ezuinde әrqashan mysqyl úyalaghanday seziletin. Bet-beynesi, qaharly bolatyn, bar túlghasynan tektilik bayqalatyn».

Jambyl oblysy, Merki auylyndaghy Qyzylov Dәuken aqsaqaldyng ýiinde saqtalghan Han Kenening beldigi. Surette beldikti beline taghyp otyrghan úrpaqtary

Kenesary, ózge bauyrlary sekildi kóshpeli-әskery aqsýiekter qauymynyng dәstýrine say, jastayynan shabandoz, qiyndyqqa tózimdi bolyp tәrbiyelendi. Jeke basynyng erlik qasiyetteri, birbettigi, algha qoyghan maqsatyna jetu jolyndaghy qaysarlyghy  men dýley kýsh-jigerin, onyng jetekshilik qabiletin ainalasyndaghylar erte moyyndaghan. Resey imperiyasynyng kýsheye týsken otarlau sayasatyna narazy bolghan  Kenesary, aghasy Esengeldi, Sarjan bastaghan azattyq qozghalysyna 23 jasynan bastap belsene qatysady. Olar janqiyarlyqpen, qaza tapqannan keyin, Kenesary, qazaq halqynyng derbestigin qalpyna keltiru jolyndaghy úzaq ta auyr kýresin bastady. Abylay han úrpaqtary, Kenesarygha deyin de últ-azattyq kóterilisine talay shyqqan bolatyn. Olar Reseyge qarsy Qoqan hanymen odaqtasa otyryp kýrespek bolghan edi, biraq, ol ýmitteri aqtalmady. Kerisinshe, 1836 jyly Qoqan biyleushisining núsqauymen Kenesarynyng bauyrlary Esengeldi, Sarjan birtalay jigitterimen birge, óltirildi. 1840 jyly әkesi Qasym tóre de solardyng qoldarynan qaza tapty.

Mine, sodan son, Kenesary Qasymúly qolyna qaru alyp, jauyngerlik atqa qonyp, Abylay han túsyndaghy Qazaq handyghynyng aumaqtyq tútastyghyn qalpyna keltirudi, Resey qúramyna kirmegen aimaqtardyng tәuelsizdigin saqtaudy kózdedi. 1841 jyly qyrkýiekte Kenesary, Ýsh Jýzding ókilderi bas qosqan arnayy jiynda, Qazaq halqynyng hany bolyp, eski dәstýr boyynsha «Aq kiyizge kóterilip» han saylandy.

1847 jyly 17-25 sәuirde Toqmaqqa jaqyn jerde qyrghyzdarmen bolghan shayqasta qaza tabady. Jaulary onyng basyn kesip alyp, orys әkimshiligine jiberedi. Knyazi Gorchakov Kenesarynyng basyn Batys Sibir bas basqarmasyndaghy «Kenesary býligi turaly» iske qosyp saqtaugha búiryq beredi.

Kenesary, qazaq halqynyng derbes memlekettigin qalpyna keltiru, halqyn bodandyqtan qútqaryp, basyn biriktiru, azattyq pen bostandyqqa qol jetkizip, tәuelsiz el etu múratyn kózdegen súnghyla sayasatshy, qayratker, iri mәmileger, daryndy әskery qolbasshy retinde el esinde mәngi qaldy. Onyng әkimshilik jәne sot reformalaryn jýrgizgeni, biylikting ortalyqtandyryluyn kýsheytuge tyrysqany, óz әskerin zaman talabyna say qayta qúrghany, artilleriyany qoldanyp, әskery taktikany damytqany, qatal tәrtipke baghynghan, útqyr tәsilderimen әreket etetin әsker bólimderin qúra bilgeni, sol kezde-aq әdil baghasyn aldy. Orys otarlaushylaryn shoshytty.

Kenesarynyng ómiri men azattyq jolyndaghy kýresi kóptegen aqyn-jazushylardyng shygharmalaryna arqau boldy. Nysanbay aqynnyng «Kenesary-Nauryzbay» dastany, 1875 jyly súltan Jantórinning tәrjimasymen «Orys geografiyalyq qoghamy Orynbor bólimshesining jazbalarynda» orys tilinde jariyalandy. HH ghasyrdyng 30-jyldary M.Áuezov «Han Kene» piesasyn (sahnagha birer qoyyluynan keyin tiym salynghan), 60-jyldary I.Esenberlin «Kahar» tarihiy-romanyn jazdy. Alghashqy zertteuler ishinde «Kazaq súltany Kenesary Qasymovtyng býligi» degen taqyryppen N.Seredanyng 1870 jyly «Vestnik Evropy» jurnalynyng birneshe nómirine bastyrghan kitabynyng derek kóz retindegi manyzy zor. 1888 jyly Tashkentte «Kenesary men Sadyq» degen atpen shyqqan, Kenesarynyng balasy súltan Ahmet Kenesarinning estelikter jinaghy da qúndy enbek bolyp tabylady. Kenes ókimeti túsynda Kenesarynyng kýres jolyna irgeli ghylymy zertteu arnaghan ýlken tarihshy-ghalym E.Bekmahanov («XIX ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldaryndaghy Qazaqstan», M., 1947) sayasy qúghyn-sýrginge úshyrap, 25 jylgha sottaldy.

Kenesary túlghasyna janasha qarap, onyng shynayy baghasyn beru isi – Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alghannan son, jana qarqynmen qolgha alyndy. Tarihshylar (J. Qasymbaev, t.b.) óz zertteulerin jariyalady. 2002 jyly Kenesarynyng tughanyna 200 jyl toluyna oray, halyqaralyq ghylymy konferensiya ótti jәne «Kenesary han» atty derekti filim shyqty. Astana qalasynda eskertkish qoyyldy.

Reseyge qarsy kýreste Qasym tórening úrpaqtarynyn, әsirese, danqty Sadyq (Sultan Syzdyk) súltannyng Kenesaryúlynyng orny erekshe. Sadyq súltan sanaly týrde ómirining negizgi bóligin Reseyding otarshyldyq sayasatyna qarsy kýreske arnady. Biraq, úzaq jylgha sozylghan aiqasta kýsh teng bolmay, Ortalyq Aziyadan Qashqargha ótti. Sadyq tóre Qashqarda Qytay otarshylaryna da qarsy soghystargha da qatysty. Aqyry, auyr jaralanyp, «barar jer, basar tauy» qalmaghan son, amalsyzdan Resey biyligin moyyndaugha mәjbýr boldy. Orys biyligine «úsynghan basty qylysh kespeydi» dep hat jazyp, Pishpek bekinisinde kenshilik jariyalandy. Onda, Sozaq bekinisi manyna ornalasugha rúqsat berildi. Osymen, danqty Qasym súltannyng ataghy anyzgha ainalghan úrpaqtarynyng Resey otarshylaryna qarsy kýresi ayaqtaldy. Biraq, osy kýrester belgisiz ketken joq, әrqashanda, tәuelsizdikke úmtylghan әrbir qazaqtyng jýreginde saqtalyp qaldy! 

Osy jerde, Qasym tóre bastaghan, danqty úrpaqtary qoshtaghan, Han Kenesary sheyit bolghangha deyin, arystansha alysyp janyn qúrban etken, Últ-Azattyq kýres H1H ghasyrdaghy eng biyik dәrejedegi kóterilisi jýrip jatqanda, odan basqa biylik basynda bolghan tóre aghayyndar, basqa qazaq erleri qayda boldy degen súraq, eriksiz oigha qaldyrady. Olardyng birtalayy, qaradan shyqqan by men súltandarmen qosylyp, Resey jaghyna shyqty! Kenesary hangha qarsy kýresip, shen-shekpen alugha úmtyldy. Mine, búl ashy da bolsa, shyndyq.

Osynyng arty nege alyp kelip soqty? Qazaqtyng belgili aqynynyng «myng ólip, myng tirilgen qazaq» dep sipattaghanyna dóp kelgen talay auyrtpalyqtardy basynan ótkizgen, qoldan jasalghan asharshylyqqa, sonyng  saldarynan 4 millionnan astam elinen aiyrylyp, myndaghan betke ústar últ ziyalylaryn joyyp jiberip, atylyp-aydalyp, óz elinde últtyq azshylyqqa  ainalghan el emespiz be?! Alayda, osynyng barlyghy da tәuelsizdik tuynyng jelbireuine jol ashty.

Elsiz, jersiz qalyp, qanghyghan qazaq, qayda jýrse de osy Qazaqstan atalatyn qasiyetti «qybylasyna» bas iyip, onyng bostandyghyn armandady. Sondyqtan da qazirgi qazaq jerinde bolyp jatqan barlyq isting týiini osy bostandyqta. Tәuelsizdigimiz bekem jәne tolyqqandy bolsa, «demokratiyalyq reformalardyn» iske asuyna «etnikalyq baylanystardyn» nәtiyjeli jәne túraqty boluyna, sonday-aq sharuashylyghymyzdyng barlyq salasynyng órkendeui men basqa sayasy isterding tabysty damyp naqty sheshimi tabyluyna týbegeyli jol ashady.

Qazaqstan – úshan-teniz baylyqtyng eli. Alla Taghala, Qazaqstangha túnyp túrghan jer ýsti men jer asty baylyqtaryn ýiip túryp ayamay bergen. Allanyng bergen osy úshan-teniz baylyghy, sonyng iyesi – qazaq degen elge nәsip etkey dep tileu tileymiz!

Bizding payymdauymyzsha, Jambyl oblysy men Taraz qalasynyng әkimderining nazaryna, hannyng sheyit bolghanyna  Qúran baghyshtap, As bererding aldynda, Kenesary hannyng qasiyetti kýresining mәn-maghynasyn tolyqtay tanu ýshin mynanday mәselelerge kónil bólip, kómek  kórsetse eken degen tilegimiz bar:
1) 2017 jyly Kenesary hannyng sheyit bolghanyna 170 jyl toluyna oray halyqaralyq ghylymy konferensiya úiymdastyrylsa;

2) Jambyl oblysynyng aumaghynda han Kenesary atynda birde-bir eldi-meken, kóshe, mәdeniyet, nemese oqu oryndary joq eken. Osyghan oray, osy mәsele qolgha alynsa;

3) Jambyl oblysynyng kórnekti bir jerinde, han Kenesarygha eskertkish qoyylsa;

4) Ghylymy konferensiyanyng materialdary «As» beriler aldynda jeke jinaq retinde shygharugha jәne osy atalghan is-sharalardy ótkizude kezdesetin keybir mәselerdi sheshuge qol úshyn berse.

Osynday úsynystarymyz ong sheshimin tabar dep ýmittenemiz.

Sóz sonynda qaytalap, aitarymyz, Jaratqan IYemiz, Bir Alla búiyrtsa, kelesi 2017 jyly Qazaq  halqynyng songhy hany – Kenesarynyng sheyit bolghanyna 170 jyl tolady. Osyghan baylanysty qasiyetti Taraz qalasynda, tamyz aiynyng birinshi jartysynda (naqty kýnderi qosymsha habarlanady) Han Kenege jәne onymen birge sheyit bolghan batyrlarynyn  ruhtaryna arnap Qúran baghyshtap, «As» bersek  degen habar taratyp, SAUYN aitamyz! Osy qasiyetti is-sharagha qatysamyz, ótkiziletin  halyqaralyq  ghylymy konferensiyagha qatysyp, maqalalar, zertteuler jinaghyn kitap etip shygharugha kómek kórsetip, qol úshyn beremiz deytin azamattar bolsa, osy is-sharalardy úiymdastyrushy retinde bizdermen habarlassa degen tilegimizdi aitamyz.

Súltan Aman Shota, «Tezek Tóre» qorynyng Tóraghasy, «Dýniye  Jýzilik Shynghys Han Akademiyasynyn» akademiygi,  ghylymdar doktory.

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