Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Bilgenge marjan 12894 0 pikir 16 Aqpan, 2016 saghat 07:08

ÚMYTYLA BASTAGhAN SALT-DÁSTÝRLER

Salt-dәstýrlerimizding keybiri halyq arasynda keninen paydalanylyp jýrgen bolsa (aydar taghu, qonaq kәde, bastanghy jәne t.b.), keybiri úmyt qalyp barady. Ásirese jastarymyz bile bermeytin salt-dәstýrlerimiz jeterlik. Ata-babalarymyzdan múra bop qalghan salt-dәstýrler әrdayym iygi maqsattar ýshin qoldanysta bolghan. Sol sebepti olardy bile jýru, key-keyde ómirde iske asyru da artyq etpes.

Aqsarbas atau. Qauip-qaterge úshyraghanynda «A, Qúdayym ondasyn! Meni osy qiyndyqtan qútqara gór! Aqsarbas!» dep qúdayy ataytyn bolghan. Múnday jaghdayda «Aqsarbas!» dep ýsh ret aiqaylaghan. Sosyn qauip-qaterden aman qalghanynda әlgi adam auyl aimaghyn shaqyryp qúdayy bergen. Aqsarbasqa shalynatyn maldar: bozqasqa (qoy), kókqasqa (jylqy), qyzyl-qasqa (siyr). Adam aqsarbas ataghanda qay malyn aitsa, sony qúdayygha soygha tiyis.

Asatu. Búl dәstýr Sәbit Múqanovtyng «Halyq múrasy» degen kitabynda tolyq bayandalghan. Dastarqan basynda et jep otyrghandar toghaya bastaghanynda, tórde otyrghan aqsaqal qalghan etti qolymen qonaqtargha, jas balalargha asatady. Búryndary auyl balalary et asaymyz dep qonaq kelgen ýiding qasynda jýretin-di.

At túldau. Er adam qaytys bolghanynda minip jýrgen atynyng jal-qúiryghyn kýzep, ony bos jiberedi de, ólgen adamnyng jylynda sol atty әkelip soyady.

Aunatu. Qazaqtar ýiine kelip qonaq bolghan, qonyp ketken adamdardyng otyrghan, jatqan jerine «balamyz osy atasyna tartsyn, boyyna osy atasynyng qasiyetteri qonsyn» dep balalaryn aunatyp alatyn bolghan. Elge, aghayyngha syily azamat kindik qany tamghan tughan jerine kelgeninde halyq, tughan-tuystary, dos jarandary ony sol jerding topyraghyna aunatyp alghan. Shynghys Aytmatov ýiine Múhatr Áuezov kelgeninde, ol otyrghan oryndyqqa úlyn aunatyp alghan kórinedi.

Ayaghyna jyghylu. Keshirim súraudyng eng ýlken, kishirengding eng auyr týri – osy ghúryp. Ony oryndaghanda aiypty adam janyna abyroyly, qadirli kisilerdi ertip alyp, tisti adamnyng ýiine rúqsat súrap kirip, keshirim súraydy. Ayyby ýlken bolsa, aiypker ózi kinәli bolghan adamnyng ayaghyna jyghylyp, ony qúshaqtaghan qalpy jylap, keshirim súrap, jalynghan. «Ayaghyna jyghylu» - әri ghúryp, әri jazanyng bir týri.

Bayghazy beru. Ýlkenning kishige, yaghny balagha beretin syiy. Jas úl-qyz, boyjetken, bozbala jana kiyim kiygende, jana zat alghanda agha, apa, ata-әjesinen, tughan-tuystarynan oghan bayghazy súraydy. Olar bayghazygha aqsha, mal, mýlik, әiteuir bir zat berip, qútty bolsyn aitady.

Bosagha maylau. Jastar shanyraq qúrghanynda nemese bireu jana ýy alghanynda jaqyn tughan-tuystary kelip jana ýiding bosaghasyna may jaghu saltyn jasaydy. Ol osy ýy berekeli, mayday júghymdy, kópting ýii bolsyn degen niyetten tughan. Bosaghasyn maylaghan adamgha shanyraq iyeleri kәde beredi.

Enshi beru. Ata-anasy balasy balaly bolghannan keyin «endi óz kýnderin ózderi kóre alady» degen senimge kelip, otau tigip, bólek shygharady. Sonda malynan – mal, mýlkinen – mýlik bólip beredi, ydys-ayaq syilaydy. Oghan kelinning tórkininen kelgen dýniyesi qosylyp, jas júbaylar jeke shanyraq bolyp shygha keledi. Múny enshi beru dep ataydy. Ata-anasy qaytys bolsa, olardyng maly men dýniye-mýlki qalghan aghasy inisine enshibas beruge tiyis.

Erulik beru. Auylgha basqa jaqtan bir ýy kóship kelse, bauyrlarynyng biri tughan-tuystaryna japsarlas kelip qonsa, kórshi-qolang nemese jaqyndary jana ýige «erulik» dep as pisiredi, tabaq tartyp, qonaqasy beredi. Osylaysha qazaqtar tanysyn, tanymasyn bir-birin bótensimey, óz ortasyna tarta bilgen.

Jylu jinau. Bir baqytsyzdyqqa úshyraghanynda, ýy mýlki, malynan aiyrylghanynda auyl túrghyndary, kórshi-kólemi, tughan-tuystary mal, dýniye, aqshalay kómek kórsetedi. Múny olardyng or tasynan bir adam úiymdastyrady. Búl jәrdem – jylu jinau dep atalady. Aram jolmen shyghyngha úshyraghandargha jylu jinalmaydy. Olar: dýniye-mýlkin qartagha salyp útqyzyp jibergender, zinaqorlyqqa salghandar, iship qúrtqandar, qoghamnyn, memleketting dýniye-mýlkin jep qoyghandar.

Qazan shegeleu. Jaqyn tuys, әzil-qaljyny jarasqan adamdardyng ýiine eki-ýsh adam birge baryp: «Osy ýiding qazanyn shegeley keldik» deydi. Búl olardyng týstenip, et jeuge kelgendigi. Ýy iyesi oghan әzilmen jauap qaytaryp: «Jaqsy boldy, qazan shegeleytin adam taba almay otyr edik» dep qonaqjaylyq tanytady, әieli et asyp qonaqasy beredi.

Qalau aitu. Bireuding jaqsy malyna, mýlkine kónili ketken adam sol ýiding iyesine nemese әieline, balasyna soghan layyqty baghaly bir tartu әkelip, әlgi dýniyeni, januardy «mening qalauym osy» dep súraydy. Keyde ýy iyesi múnday syily, jón-joralghysymen kelgen qonaqqa ózi sóz salyp: «Búl ýiden qalaghan bir zattyng bar ma? Qalauynyzdy aitynyz» dep súrap, qalaghan zatyn syilaydy.

Moynyna búrshaq salu. Ertede balasy joq adamdar moynyna kógenning búrshaghyn salyp Qúdaydan perzent súrap jalbarynghan, jylaghan. Moyyngha búrshaqty bala tilegende ghana salady.

massaget.kz

0 pikir

Ýzdik materialdar

Alghys aitu kýni

Alghys aitu kýni jәne onyng shyghu tarihy

Jomartbek Núrman 1562
Alashorda

Qojanov mejeleu nauqanynda (Jalghasy)

Beybit Qoyshybaev 2256
Ghibyrat

Qaysar ruhty ghaziz jan

Múhtar Qúl-Múhammed 3534