Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
46 - sóz 9576 0 pikir 27 Mausym, 2015 saghat 03:02

ÚLT TARIHYNDAGhY BOPAY HANYM TÚLGhASY

Sonau saq zamanyndaghy memleket tizginin ústaghan Túmar patshayym men Zarina súludan bastap, oghyz-qypshaq dәuirindegi el basqarghan jeti aru (búghan mysal – danqty әielderge arnalghan keshender: Kók-Kesene, Biyken múnara, Beleng ana, Bolghan ana, Júban ana, Barshynnyng kók kesheni) Alasha hannyng hanymy – Hanbiybi, Abylay hannyng erjýrek qyzy – Aytolqyn, Bәsentiyin Malaysary batyrdyng qyzy, Qarakerey Qabanbaydyng jary – Gauhar batyr, qos asyldyng qúdiretinen jaralghan Nazym qyz, Sýiindik Oljabay batyrdyng anasy – Esenbiyke, Emeliyan Pugachev soghysyna qatysyp, «qyzdyng piri», «siqyrshy», «kiyeli», «Kóktemir», «aq saghym» atanghan Tabyn Sapar (Sapura) Mәtenqyzy, úly kýishi Qúrmanghazynyng jan-jýregin tolqytqan qyz Danay syndy qyran jýrekti súnqarlardyng sapynda 1838-1847 jyldardaghy qazaqtyng últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng jalyndy úiymdastyrushysy, úly qolbasshy Kenesary Qasymúlynyng qayratker qaryndasy, dala kókjaly, «Allanyng shyn jaratqan tamashasy» Bopay hanymdy airyqsha ataugha bolady.

Ol kýieui Sәmeke men onyng jaqyndary Sarteke pen Dosan Ábilqayyrovty Kenesary jasaqtarynyng qúramynda el tәuelsizdigi ýshin kýreske shaqyrsa da, olar azar da bezer bolyp, ýzildi-kesildi bas tartady. Han kenesining mýshesi sharbolatsha shamyrqanghan Bopay hanym 600 sarbazdan qúralghan (súryptalghan) topty úrshyqqa ýiirip, shoqtay iyirip, sheberlikpen basqardy. Napoleon aitqanday, joghary jauyngerlik ruhqa ie mening bir soldatymnyng ózi ýsh soldatqa tatidy dep. Bopay hanym jasaghynyng әrqaysysy myng kisige tatyrlyq edi. Kenesary әskerin jabdyqtaumen shúghyldandy, halyqtan zeket jinady. Kenesary Qasymúly qúrghan handyqtyng syrtqy jәne ishki sayasatyna barynsha belsendi aralasyp, jan ayamay qyzmet etti.

Bopay hanym individualdyq erekshe qasiyetterge iye. Oghan zamannyng qara dauylyna qarsy úshatyn tuabitti ójettik (harakter), kósemdik, jeniske degen senim, qaterli shaqtarda ózin-ózi ústaytyn salqyndylyq, bolattay jiger-qaysarlyq, magiyalyq quat, jinaqylyq, óz isine sheberlik, shabyttandyrarlyq әserli sheshen sóz, tәrtiptilik, entuziazm (yntalylyq), optimizm (dýniyege senimmen algha úmtylushylyq) tәn.

Ataqty oqymysty-tarihshy Ermúhan Bekmahanov «Qazaqstan HIH ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldarynda» deytin enbegindegi mynaday derekterdi sóiletelik: «Ózining әskery erlikterimen Kenesarynyng qaryndasy Bopaydyng da danqy shyqty. Ol kóterilisting alghashqy kýnderinen-aq onyng belsendi qatysushysyna ainaldy. Ol ózining kýieui Sәmeke men onyng tuystary súltan Sarteke jәne Dosan Ábilqayyrovtardy da kóteriliske qatysugha shaqyrghan eken.

Olar kelisim bermegen song Bopay 1837 jyly ózining kýieuin jәne onyng tuystaryn tastap, ózimen alty balasyn alyp, óz taghdyryn kóterilisshiler taghdyrymen birjola qosady.

Bopay zeket jinaytyn jәne kóteriliske qosylmaghan súltandardyng mýlki men azyq-týligin tartyp alatyn 600 adamdyq erekshe topty basqardy.

Bopaydyng Arghyn ruyna zeket jinaugha kelgeni turaly jansyz Samrat Mamaev bylay dep habarlaydy: «Kenesary tólengitterimen birge Kenesary isine qatysuymen qyrgha keng tanylghan, onyng qaryndasy  Bopay da keldi».

Osymen qatar, Bopay Kenesarynyng barlyq iri shayqastaryna qatysty jәne ózi de jau tylyna partizandyq joryq jasaytyn. Bopay Kenesarynyng barlyq kenesterine qatysyp otyrghan, al Kenesary Bopaydyng aqyl-kenesterine qúlaq asqan.

Bopaydyng úly – Núrqan da kóterilisting belsendi qatysushysy boldy. Patsha otryadtarymen bolghan bir shayqasta ol tútqyndalady. Onyng erjýrektigi turaly jýzbasy Lebedev bylay dep jazdy: «Bizding qolymyzda qazir qolgha týskender – Kenesarynyng tughan jiyeni, onyng qaryndasy Bopaydyng balasy, súltan Tórehan (Núrhan – E.B.) Sәmekiyn, Túnghatar bolysynyng qúrmetti bii – IYnemning shәkirti Aydarbek Quandyqov jәne Kenesarynyng tólengiti – Sәrsenbay bar, olardyng alghashqysy janúshyra qarsylyq kórsetui nәtiyjesinde qatty jaralanghan».

Han Kenening jasyl tuynyng astynda últ qaharmandary Shúbyrtpaly Aghybay, Altay, Tólebay, Bestanbaly Búqarbay, Qypshaq Iman men Basyghara, Dulattan shyqqan Súranshy, Jәuke, Bayseyit, Baghanaly Qúdaymendi, Tabyn Búqarbay men Jolaman, Tama Tanash, Shәkir, Tolybay, Búghybay, Toghanas, Tobyldy, Taymas, Jolaman, Áneke, danqty Nauryzbaylardyng qatarynda Bopay hanym 1838 jyly Batys-Sibir gubernatorlyghyna qarasty Soltýstik-batys ónirine ótip, nәtiyjeli joryqtar jasaghan-dy. Búl orayda Iliyas Esenberlin «Qahar» romanynda Kenesarynyng qaryndasy Bopay turaly elding sózin eske salady:

«Qatyn qútyrghan zaman boldy ghoy osy kez… Syrymbet qyrqasynan bayyn, malyn tastap alty balasymen Kenesarynyn qaryndasy Bopay da baryp qosyldy degen ras pa?

- Ras. Qasymnyn úldary arlan qasqyr bolsa, qyzdary qanshyq bóri emes pe. Bopay qazirqolyna nayza alyp bir top jigitterdi basqarady desedi. Kýieu júrty, Uәly hannyng auylyn shabamyn dep tisin qayrap jýrgen kórinedi.

- Bopay kelip aghasynyng tobyna qosylsa, Janaydar batyr da so jerde desenizshi…

- Nege?

- Janaydar men Bopay jas kezderinde Qozy Kórpesh pen Bayan súluday bolghan joq pa edi? TekQasym tóre Janaydardy qara qazaq dep Bopaydy oghan bermegen. Alty bala tapsa da Bopay Janaydar dese ishken asyn jerge qoyady degen ósek bar. Ekeuining basy Kenesary ordasyndaqosylghan bolar».

Ári qaray jazushy últ taghdyryn, jer-suynyng jayyn, oi-parasat biyiginen tereng oilaytyndyghyn jәne otarshyldyqtyng búghauyna kónbeytindigin tarihy shyndyqqa sәikestendirip suretteydi:

– «Aq patshagha jaghynyp, jany shyghyp jýrgeninin ózi de sol emes pe? – dedi Bopay sәl qabaghynshytyp, – patsha jandaraldary bekinis salyp, kelimsekterine azdaghan ýles bergeni bolmasa, jerding shúraylysy әli de Sәmeke, Núraly, Bókey, Uәly handardyn úrpaqtarynda ghoy. Malýshin olar qazaqtyn jeri týgil, janyn berer. Biri býkil Esil, Núra boyyn jaylasa, biri sonau Syrymbet tauynyn, Qúsmúryn men Shúbargha deyingi keng alqabyn alyp jatyr. Al ózgeleri bir Uәly hannyng ana Ayghanym qanshyghy jaylap otyrghan bókterge ýsh bolystyng maly syyady, – Bopay kenet aghasyna ashulana qarady. – Qashanghy ol qanshyqty basymyzgha shygharyp qoyamyz?Qonyrqúljaday ony da shabatyn mezgil jetti, jibermeysing be bir batyryndy.

Kenesary qasqyr kórgen býrkittey týiile qaldy.

Qatyn aulyn batyr shappas. Qayyn atam júrty demesen ózin shap!

Tabylghan sózge ýidegiler shu ete qaldy.

- Jón.

- Tapqan aqyl.

Qatyndy qatyn shappasa, batyr shapqany ersi.

- Uәlihannyng aulyna jolay soghasyn, – dedi Kenesary az sóiley, – eng aldymen arghy bettegi Amanqaraghay prikazynyng malyn beri aidap ótesin.

Quanghannan Bopaydyng eki kózi jarq etti.

- Men dayyn.

«Orystyng shekpenine elin satqan sholtandaghan biylerdin», últ namysyn oiynshyq qylghan, jeke bastyng mýddesin qúnttaghan, el keleshegine oy kózimen qaramaytyn, aldamshy qyzyqqa berilgen opasyz jandardy Bopay hanym keshirmeydi. Ol – úly maqsatker, daraboz qayratker. Sondyqtan da Bopay hanymnyng tegeurindi, ekpindi qaharmandyq qimyldaryna, batyrlyq túlghasyna arystan tughan Han Kenening kónili shat, ruhy da asqaq.

…Bir jeti ótisimen alty jýz jasaq ertken Bopay aldymen Amanqaraghay prikazyn, sodan keyin Syrymbet tauyndaghy Uәlihannyng bәibishesi Ayghanymnyng auylyn shapty. Kenesary qolyKókshetau jaqty shauypty. Eski kek qaytqanday. Al batyr qaryndasy Bopay Syrymbet salasyndaghy Uәlihannyng jesiri Ayghanymnyng keng saray alty aghash ýiinin kýlin kókkeúshyrypqoymasyndaghy basuly kiygiz, iylengen terisine deyin qaldyrmay baryn sypyrypәkep, ata kekti bir qaytardy. Endi Kenesary kónildenbegende kim kónildenbek? Qúday abyroy berip Aqmola, Aqtau bekinisteri de tez alyndy. Osy jenisterding arqasy ghoy, endi Qaraótkel,Qarqaraly, Kókshetau, Bayanauyl ókirikterinin key auyldary birden Kenesary jaghyna shygha bastaghany».

Atqa qonghan, ataqonysty qorghaghan Bopay hanymnyng tendessiz erligi men jankeshtiligi – últ ruhynyng keremet kórinisi. Han Kenening jәne onyng seriktes noyandarynyng týpki maqsaty – ejelgi qazaq elining tәuelsizdigin, dәstýrin, quatyn qalpyna keltiru.

Úly suretker M.O.Áuezovting «Han Kene» atty bes perdeli tarihy dramasy «ezilip bara jatqan elding joghyn joqtap jýrgen» Kenesarynyng erlik kýresine arnalghan. Múndaghy basty keyipker – Han Kene, sonan song jas batyr Nauan (Nauryzbay), Aghybay, Búqarbay, Jolaman, qolbasy Búghybay, Shegen bi, Bopay, Dulat elining Rýstem, Sypatay, Bayúzaq sekildi kóshbastaushylary men  qyrghyz batyrlary Kәriboz  ben Jamanqara bar…

Qasymnyng asyna jinalghan jamaghat. Han Kene bastaghan toptyng qostaushylary batyrlar, shynjyrly baluandar, qobyz ben sybyzghy ústaghan jyrshy aqyndar, әnshi-kýishiler… Shegen biyding sózimen sipattasaq, «alystan toyat tilenip, qasqaryp úshqan qyrandaryng osylar». Abylay hannyng jolyn bersin degen tileuqorlar.

IYә, osy bir dramada jigit ónerin synau bar. Yaghni, sadaq kezenip, jamby atu. Oghylandar dәl kózdep jambygha tiygize almay әurege týskende Bopay hanym tabanyn tasqa tirep, jambyny úshyryp týsiredi. Qúralaydy kózge atqan mergendik degen – osy. Qasym súltannyng anasy, Abylay hannyn  kishi jary Topysh súlu Qaldan Serenning nemese onyng jaqyn tuysqany Hoshu mergenning qyzy desedi. Naghashy júrtynyng keremet qasiyetteri de Bopaydyng batyrlyq túlghasynan eles beredi.

Nauangha Qyrghyz elshisi Jamanqara «qazaqty el qylar siqyng joq» degende, ol ony sol jerde jayratyp salady. Sonda aqylman Bopy hanym «Qate boldy-au?!» dep ókinedi.

Bú da qyryq isting qisynyn tabatyn Bopy hanymnyng saliqalylyghy! Bir zamanda Oghyz qaghandy jaryq dýniyege jasyn otynday jaltyldatyp әkelgen anasy Ayqaghandy ardaqtasaq, bir top batyr perzentterdi kiyiz tuyrlyqty qazaqqa syilaghan Bopay hanymnyng anasy, Qasym súltannyng asyl jary Sholpan júldyzynday altyn qúrsaq Aykýmistey anadan ainaldyq!

 

Serik NEGIMOV,

L.Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya

últtyq uniyversiytetining professory

"Astana aqshamy" gazerti

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