Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 4108 0 pikir 19 Qazan, 2009 saghat 06:47

Taghy da qazaqstandyq jamaghat dertining ósui turaly

Qazaqstan Kenes odaghynan kóp nәrseni múra etip aldy. Sonday múralardyng biri - Músylmandardyng diny basqarmasy. Sonau 1943 jyly zayyrly qogham jaghdayynda músylman qauymyn qadaghalaytyn formalardyng biri retinde Tashkentte Orta Aziya men Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy (SADUM) qúrylghan bolatyn. Biraq Kenes odaghy ydyraghan song Qazaqstanda jeke músylmandar basqarmasyn qúru qajet boldy. Osylaysha tәuelsizdik kezenining basynda Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy payda boldy. QMDB imamdary ózderin memlekettik apparattyng bir bóligi - «resmy dinbasylarynyn» ókili, al atalghan úiymnyng tóraghasy «Bas mufti» dep atalsa da, búl mәrtebesi zandyq jaghynan zayyrly qoghamgha qayshy keledi. QR Konstitusiyasynda memleket dinnen bólek dep jazylghan. QMDB - zandy atauy «Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy» respublikalyq diny birlestigi. Negizinen zandyq túrghyda ol ózi siyaqty basqa da memlekettik emes úiymdarmen bir dengeyde.

Qazaqstan Kenes odaghynan kóp nәrseni múra etip aldy. Sonday múralardyng biri - Músylmandardyng diny basqarmasy. Sonau 1943 jyly zayyrly qogham jaghdayynda músylman qauymyn qadaghalaytyn formalardyng biri retinde Tashkentte Orta Aziya men Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy (SADUM) qúrylghan bolatyn. Biraq Kenes odaghy ydyraghan song Qazaqstanda jeke músylmandar basqarmasyn qúru qajet boldy. Osylaysha tәuelsizdik kezenining basynda Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy payda boldy. QMDB imamdary ózderin memlekettik apparattyng bir bóligi - «resmy dinbasylarynyn» ókili, al atalghan úiymnyng tóraghasy «Bas mufti» dep atalsa da, búl mәrtebesi zandyq jaghynan zayyrly qoghamgha qayshy keledi. QR Konstitusiyasynda memleket dinnen bólek dep jazylghan. QMDB - zandy atauy «Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy» respublikalyq diny birlestigi. Negizinen zandyq túrghyda ol ózi siyaqty basqa da memlekettik emes úiymdarmen bir dengeyde.

Biraq «temir qúrsau» qúlaghan song bizding elge әrtýrli aghymdardy, sonyng ishinde Saud Arabiyasy, Pәkistan men Egiypet siyaqty arab elderinen kelgen «taza islamdy» nasihattaytyn missionerlerding ýlken legi keldi. Islam dini halyq arasynda tez tarap jatqan kezde QMDB imamdary zamannyng qaterine, yaghni, sheteldik ýgit nasihatshylargha iydeologiyalyq jaghynan tótep bere almady jәne eldegi músylmandardyng ruhany súranysyn qanaghattandyra almady. QMDB kóp jaghdayda as ótkizu, dýniyeden ótkenderge Qúran oqu, sadaqa jinau, sharighat boyynsha neke qii siyaqty salttyq mәselelerdi retteytin burogha ainaldy. Uaqyt óte kele QMDB imamdarynyng biliktiligi azdyghynan «resmy dinbasylar» qataryna әrtýrli radikaldy baghyt ókilderi, әsirese, «salafitter» ótip ketti. Uaqyt óte kele QMDB memleketting emes, jogharyda atalghan jekelegen diny toptardyng mýddesin ótkize bastady.
2008 jyldan bastap Qazaqstan músylmandarynyng diny basqarmasy janyndaghy Respublikalyq imamdardyng biliktiligin kóteretin institut «Aqida», yaghny senim dep atalatyn oqulyqty qoldana bastady. Din qyzmetkerlerin dayyndaghandaghy oqu baghdarlamasynyng negizi sanalatyn kitaptyng 3-shi betinde bylay dep jazylghan:
«...senim mazhabtary (islamdaghy diniy-qúqyqtyq mektepter - E.H. eskertpesi)» qútqarylghandar jәne tozaqtyqtar dep eki týrge bólinedi. Qútqarylghandar - Ahly Sunna uali-Djamaa (Sunna men kelisimning baghytyn ústanushylar - E.H. eskertpesi); tozaqtyqtar - Ahly Bidaa (dinge janalyq engizbek bolghandar - E.H. eskertpesi)... Sondyqtan Ahly Sunna Salafiya, Maturidiya y Ashhariya deytin taghy ýsh tarmaqqa bólinedi. Búl ýsh tarmaq bir-birin músylman-bauyrlarlar retinde kóredi. Býgingi kýni әlemning 90% músylmandary ózderin Ahly Sunna qatarynda dep sanaydy.»
Biraq, QMDB mamandarynyng salafizmdi islamnyng klassikalyq islamdyq ilim qataryna qosugha tyrysyp jýrgen әreketine tang qalugha bolmaydy. Sonday mamandardyng biri QMDB janyndaghy atalghan Institutta qyzmet atqaratyn Ahmetjan Islamov. Onyng aty Almaty qalasynyng dindarlary arasynda óte tanymal.
Sheyh Ahmetjan - Almaty qalasyndaghy tanymal salafittik nasihatshy, ol osy ilim Qazaqstanda alghashqy payda bolghanda eng basynda túrdy. 2000 jyldardyng basynda-aq «Ruhaniat» halyqaralyq islam uniyversiytetining rektory Múrat Mynbaev bolyp túrghan kezde Islamov osy JOO-da ýgit jәne nasihat bólimin mengerdi. Qúrmetti sheyhtyng 2003 jylghy 9 qyrkýieginde oqyghan leksiyasynan ýzindi keltirsek, onda ol ózining diny baghyty turaly bylay deydi:
«Jamaghat, biz býgin vahhabit degen atqa ie boldyq, әlhamdulillya, meni vahhabit dep sanasandar, onda, әlhamdulillya, sender qatelespedinder. ... Allahtyng qalauymen biz sizdermen bir kishkentay bólik bolyp qaldyq, sondyqtan vahhabist bolyndar, adaspandar»
Ahmetjan Islamov 2003 jyly Almaty qalasynda islam boyynsha kursty qalay jýrgizse, qazir de solay jalghastyryp keledi, biraq onyng qazirgi qyzmeti QMDB janyndaghy Respublikalyq imamdardyng biliktiligin kóteru institutynda. Mine, qyzyq! Radikal oqytushy imamdardy jogharyda atalghan oqulyqpen vahhabizm priyn-sipteri boyynsha oqytady, al olar óz kezeginde alghan bilimin halyqqa taratady. Búnyng bәri QMDB-nyng ýnsiz kelisimimen jasalady.
A.Islamov muftiyat jýiesinde júmys isteytin jalghyz salafit emes. Taghy bir mysal retinde Astana qalasyndaghy «Shúbar» meshitining imamy Toirdjon Ibrigimovty ataugha bolady. Onyng ómiri men qyzmeti turaly internet-sayt betterinde talay aitylghan bolatyn. Qolda bar faktilerge qaramastan, QMDB basshylyghy Qazaqstannyng tanymal salafit sheyhynyng is-әreketine kóz júmudy әli de jalghastyryp keledi. Ony qoyyp, resmy din ókilderi Ibragimning nasihat júmysyna barlyq jaghynan qoldau jasaydy. Osy qoldaugha baylanysty qazirgi kezde «Shúbar» meshiti Qazaqstan Respublikasynda salafit iydeologtaryn dayyndaytyn iri ortalyqtyng birine ainaldy. 2008 jyldan bastap onda elimizding әr oblysynan atalghan aghymnyng ondaghan izbasarlary ilim aldy. Tek Ramazan aiynda ghana «Shúbar» meshitinde Atyrau, Aqtóbe, Manghystau, Batys Qazaqstan, Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Qaraghandy, Pavlodar jәne basqa oblystardan kelgen 30-dan asa adam dayyndyqtan ótip, qazir de meshitte túryp, oquyn jalghastyryp jatyr.
Sonymen qatar, QMDB basqa da salafit iydelogtarymen, әsirese Daryn Mubarovpen tyghyz qarym-qatynasta júmys jasaydy. Saud Arabiyasynda oqyp kelgen búl jas jigit býgingi tanda salafizmning aldynghy qatarly (jәne eng sózuar) qazaqtildi nasihattaushysy.
19-qyrkýiekte Qazaq últtyq tehnikalyq uniyversiytetinde D.Mubarovtyng osy JOO studentterimen kezdesui ótti. Osy kezdesudi úiymdastyrghan QMDB atynan Almaty qalasynyng Medeu audany bas imamynyng orynbasary Birlik Esmahan qatysty.
Daryn Mubarovpen kezdesuge 150-ge juyq adam jinalyp, onyng leksiyasyn 2 saghatqa juyq tyndady. Kezdesu taqyryby «Otandy sýn - imannan» dep ataldy.
Biraq salafizmdi zandastyru sharalarynyng ishinde QMDB-nyng tanymal salafit qayratkeri, «Asyl arna» studiyasyn basqaratyn Múhamedjan Tazabekovpen birlese atqarghan júmysy bәrin jolda qaldyrady.
Osy әriptestik QMDB tóraghasy Á.Derbisaliyevting Preziydent Ákimshiligi jetekshi orynbasary M.Áshimbaevqa 22 qazan 2008 jyly jazghan hatynda aiqyn kóringen. Islamdyq ýgit-nasihat sharalary turaly aita kele, Á. Derbisaliyev Ramazan aiy boyy últtyq telearnanyng efiyrinde QMDB-nyng «Asyl arna» studiyasymen birigip dayyndaghan «Oraza qabyl bolsyn» baghdarlamasyn ashqany turaly aitady. Ary qaray Á. Derbisaliyev bylay dep jazady: «Asyl arna» studiyasynyng júmysy QMDB sayasatyna sәikes keledi. Studiyanyng Qamqorshylar kenesin QMDB basqarady (Qamqorshylar kenesining tóraghasy - QMDB tóraghasy, bas muftiy). Studiyanyng tvorchestvovalyq jәne iydeologiyalyq baghyty, taqyryptyq konsepsiyasy da QMDB basshylyghymen qadaghalanady.
Hattan anyq kóretinimiz - QMDB salafitterge últtyq telearna efiyrinde erkindik berip, qoghamda olardyng jaqsy imidjin jasaugha kómegin tiygizedi. Mysalgha, QMDB tanymal imamdary men qyzmetkerleri, Jambyl oblysynyng imamy E.Qosbaghar, QMDB diny jәne ghylymy taldau bólimining jetekshisi E.Ongharov, Almaty qalasynyng bas imamy M.Qúlmúhammed, oqu-aghartu bólimining jetekshisi Á.Dәurenbekov jәne basqalarynyng M.Tazabekovtyng tele jәne radio baghdarlamalaryna («Oraza qabyl bolsyn», «Iman núry», «Qúbyla») qatysuy Diny basqarmanyng M.Tazabekovtyng әreketine ong kózimen qaraytynyna dәlel bolady.
QMDB-nyng M.Tazabekovty osylaysha qoldauynyng arqasynda ol qúrghan studiya «Asyl arna» telearnasyna ainaldy. Osy jyldyng 20 tamyzynda Almaty qalasynda onyng ashylu saltanaty ótip, oghan Jogharghy mufty Á.Derbisaliyev, QR Parlamentining deputaty B.Tileuhanov, Almaty qalasy әkimining orynbasary S.Seydumanov, bokstan 2000 jylghy Olimpiada chempiony E.Ibraimov jәne de Á.Derbisaliyev ózining jaqyn adamy dep tanystyrghan telearna diyrektory M.Tazabekov qatysty.
Bir kezderi M.Tazabekov talantty aitysker jәne kópshilik aldynda tanymal bolghan. Biraq, ol keyin aitysty tastap ketti. Onyng búlay etuine kóp jaghdayda qayynaghasy Bekbolat Tileuhanov pen H.Altay atyndaghy halyqaralyq qayyrymdylyq qorynyng tóraghasy Ábdrahman Eskendir yqpal etken. Sondyqtan M.Tazabekov H.Altay atyndaghy halyqaralyq qayyrymdylyq qorynyng tóragha orynbasary qyzmetine taghayyndaldy, al keyinirek «Ál Barakat» jeke qayyrymdylyq qorynyng Jambyl oblystyq filialynda diyrektor boldy. Atalghan qorlar ózderining baspa ónimderimen, atap aitqanda, bir uaqyttarda Internet basylymdary jazghan ekstremistik iydeyalargha toly diny kitaptarymen tanymal. Sonan song M.Tazabekov «Asyl arna» studiyasyn qúrdy. Endi bir telearnany basqaryp ol salafittik qayratker retinde karierasynyng jana dengeyine ótti.
«Asyl arna» telearnasynyng ashylu saltanatyna jinalghan kópshilik M.Tazabekovtyng diny qózqarastarymen tanys bolghanymen, mufty qoghamdy kerisinshe sendiruge tyrysty. Á.Derbisәliyev jinalghan qauymnyng aldynda sóilegen sózinde: "Arna salafizmdi emes, tek hanafit mazhabynyng negizderin, yaghny Ortalyq Aziya halyqtarynyng dәstýrli diniy-qúqyqtyq mektebin nasihattaytyn bolady", - dedi. Sonan son, Á.Derbisaliyev aitylghan sózdi qúptau ýshin M.Tazabekovty mikrofon aldyna shyghugha mәjbýr qyldy.
Býgingi kýni «Asyl arna» - QMDB qoldauyna ie bolghan absolutti zandy qúrylym bolghandyqtan, resmy dindarlardyng atyn jamylyp, salafizmdi kedergisiz nasihattaugha zor mýmkinshilik aldy. Telearnanyng saytynda QMDB olardyng negizgi әriptesi jәne kuratory dep kórsetilgen.
Ekinshiden, endi salafitterde ózderining mýddesin qorghaytyn aqparat qúraly bar. Ózining teledidary bolu kez-kelgen adam qolynan kelmeytin qymbat sharua.
Ýshinshiden, salafizmdi nasihattaudyng auqymy әjeptәuir keneyedi. Ázirshe telearnanyng baghdarlamalary Almaty qalasynda tek kabelidi telearnadan translyasiya jasaydy. Bolashaq josparda býkil Qazaqstangha taraytyn bolady.
Jәne tórtinshiden, eger búryn salafizm tek jeke iydeologtar, kitaptar men broshuralar arqyly jýrgizilse, qazir ol nasihat jana aqparattyq tehnologiyalardy qoldanu arqyly jana dengeyge kóterildi. Osy atalghan faktiler bizding «resmy din basylarynyn» kóp jaghdayda elimiz ýshin destruktivti aghymdardyng mýddesin qorghaytynyn dәleldemey me?!-

Erjan Qúsayynov
(www.islam.ru saytynan alyndy)

 

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