Jaqsylyq Sәbitov. Arghyndar men Majarlardyng (madiyar) DNQ-genealogiyalyq shyghu tegi
Arghyndar qazaq taypalarynyng ishindegi eng irilerining biri. 1917 jyly Múhamedjan Tynyshbaevtyng jinaghan mәlimeti boyynsha arghyndardyng jalpy sany 890 myng (ol kezde 1-onynda bayúly 1030 myn, 3-orynda 830 myng naymandar) dep kórsetilgen.
Arghyndardyng shyghu tegi kóptegen tarihshylardy qyzyqtyrghan, sebebi olardyng ózge taypalardan (kerey, nayman, jalayyr, qonyrat, qypshaq, ýisin jәne t.b.) ózgesheligi, XIV ghasyrgha deyin belgisiz bolyp kelgendiginde.
Biz toqtalayyq degen negizgi mәsele, búl - Torghayda ómir sýretin qazaq majarlardyng (madiyar) vengrlermen tuystyghynyng bar joghyn bilu, nemese majarlar arghyndardyng bir bóligi me degen súraqtar.
Vengrlik madiyarlar men qazaq majarlarynyng tuystyghy turaly núsqa Vengriya men Qazaqstanda da aitarlyqtay tanymal. Vengr-qazaq baylanysyna arnalghan konferensiyalar, ekspedisiyalar, qúryltaylar (sezder) ótkizilip túrady. Biz múnday baylanystargha esh kýmәndanbastan, qazaq majarlarynyng shyghu tegin anyqtasaq dep edik.
Maqalada, sonymen qatar, arghyndardyng ózining shyghu tegi jóninde de qosymsha mәseleler qarastyrylady. Búl ýshin tarihnamadaghy arghynnyng shyghu tegi turaly týrli núsqalar salystyryla otyryp qaralady.
Tarihshylar arghyndardyng tegin anyqtauda negizinen lingvistikalyq qúrylymdy qoldanghan. Arghyndardyng shyghu tegi turaly negizgi núsqalardy sanamalap kóreyik:
Arghyndar qazaq taypalarynyng ishindegi eng irilerining biri. 1917 jyly Múhamedjan Tynyshbaevtyng jinaghan mәlimeti boyynsha arghyndardyng jalpy sany 890 myng (ol kezde 1-onynda bayúly 1030 myn, 3-orynda 830 myng naymandar) dep kórsetilgen.
Arghyndardyng shyghu tegi kóptegen tarihshylardy qyzyqtyrghan, sebebi olardyng ózge taypalardan (kerey, nayman, jalayyr, qonyrat, qypshaq, ýisin jәne t.b.) ózgesheligi, XIV ghasyrgha deyin belgisiz bolyp kelgendiginde.
Biz toqtalayyq degen negizgi mәsele, búl - Torghayda ómir sýretin qazaq majarlardyng (madiyar) vengrlermen tuystyghynyng bar joghyn bilu, nemese majarlar arghyndardyng bir bóligi me degen súraqtar.
Vengrlik madiyarlar men qazaq majarlarynyng tuystyghy turaly núsqa Vengriya men Qazaqstanda da aitarlyqtay tanymal. Vengr-qazaq baylanysyna arnalghan konferensiyalar, ekspedisiyalar, qúryltaylar (sezder) ótkizilip túrady. Biz múnday baylanystargha esh kýmәndanbastan, qazaq majarlarynyng shyghu tegin anyqtasaq dep edik.
Maqalada, sonymen qatar, arghyndardyng ózining shyghu tegi jóninde de qosymsha mәseleler qarastyrylady. Búl ýshin tarihnamadaghy arghynnyng shyghu tegi turaly týrli núsqalar salystyryla otyryp qaralady.
Tarihshylar arghyndardyng tegin anyqtauda negizinen lingvistikalyq qúrylymdy qoldanghan. Arghyndardyng shyghu tegi turaly negizgi núsqalardy sanamalap kóreyik:
1. Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev «Materialy po istoriy kazahskogo naroda» atty kitabynda, «qytay tarihshylary V-ghasyrda «alyni», «bay-egu» halyqtary turaly sóz qylghan» dep jazdy. Qytaylardyng «r» әrpin qoldanbaytyndyghy (týrikterdi sondyqtan tukiu dep ataydy; al oghan kóptegen europalyqtar mәn bermey tugiudi týrik taypalarynyng biri dep oilaydy) belgili.
«Bay» qytaysha «úly», týrikshe «úlyq». Onda «alyni»-di «aryni» nemese «arghyn» dep, al, «bay-egu»-di «úlyq-arghyn» dep esepteuge bolady ghoy. Sózderding múnday týrlenui әlbette mýmkin nәrse, sebebi, orhon jazularynda «úlyq-erkin» degen halyq kórsetilgen [1]. Biz biletindey Bayyrku teles taypasy. Jalpylama alghanda búl dauly núsqa.
2. Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev Aristovtyng ústanymyn aita otyryp, bylay dep jazdy: «Aristov, qarlyqtar men arghyndardy tipti, úqsastyrmaq bolghan kórinedi, múnysymen ol shyndyqqa jaqyn boldy:
a. Onyng mәlimeti boyynsha arghyndardyng qúramynda (nemese basimy atalatynday) qarlyqtyng 3 ruy bar;
b. «Arghyn» degen sózding ózi qaraqyrghyzdardyng tilinde «budan» degendi bildiredi. (qodas pen qarapayym siyrdyng qospasy osylay atalady);
v. Sonau X ghasyrda Toghyz-oghyzdyng qyspaghymen qarlyqtar eki bólikke bólindi, batysy - XII ghasyrda Búqaranyng janynda kóship-qonyp jýrse, shyghysy - tek, bir ret qana, yaghni, Shynghyshannyng joryghy kezinde ghana aitylady. Soghan qaraghanda, shyghys qarlyqtar ózge taypalarmen, mýmkin «arghyndarmen» aralasyp ketken [2]. Biz múnda arghyndardyng basmalalar jәne qarlyqtarmen etnonimdik etimologiyasynyng úqsastyghy negizinde tenestirgen әreketti kóremiz.
3. Keybir folik-tarihshylar óz lingvistikalyq qúrylymdarynda Arghyndardy Ariyler men Ghúndardyng túqymdary retinde kórsetip, tipti, Arghyn atauy - búl Ariy-Ghún etnonimdarynyng qysqatylghan núsqasy dep jariyalady. Búl núsqanyng qateligi tarihtan alshaq adamgha kózge birden qayqalady.
4. Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly «Týrik, qyrghyz, qazaq hәm handar shejiresi» atty kitabynda, «Orta jýzding arghyndary Arghyn agha oirattyng túqymdary» [3], Irandaghy mongholdyq qaghandardyng izbasary dep jazdy. Bizshe búl núsqa da dauly, sebebi, qalaysha oirat taypasyndaghy Arghyn aghadan qazaq Arghyn shyghady, búl da Birinshi Petrden barlyq Petrdi shygharyp, dәleldemek bolghanmen birdey ghoy. Attastar tarihta qashanda bolghan jәne de múnday núsqany keltiru ýshin bir ghana ýndestik azdyq etedi.
Búl keltirilgen barlyq núsqalardyng metodologiyalyq negizi Arghyndar jayyndaghy tanymal әzildi eske týsiredi: «Arghyndar joghary paleolit kezinde Argentinada ómir sýrgen, el atauy solardyng qúrmetine atalghan». Barlyq núsqagha qatysty nәrse, ol arghyndardy Mongholiya nemese Altaydan shygharatyndyghy.
Bizding oiymyzsha, DNQ-genealogiyanyng jana tәsilderining kómegimen arghyndardyng shyghu tegin anyqtaugha, jogharyda keltirilgen núsqalardy naqtylaytyn nemese alshaqtatatyn mýmkindik tuady dep oilaymyz.
Sonymen qatar, osy maqalada majarlardyng shyghu tegi jónindegi mәselelerdi de ortagha salmaqpyz. Majarlar úrpaghy bolghandyqtan arghyndargha tiyesili. Majarlar men vengrlik madiyarlardyng atau úqsastyghyna baylanysty, keybir vengrlik ghalymdar, majarlar, búl Vengriyagha kóshpey óz tarihy otanynda qalghan madiyarlar dep esepteydi.
«A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)» maqalasynda [4] zertteushiler mynanday toqtamgha keledi, majarlardyng kóptegen shyghyseuropalyq budandasularmen genetikalyq jaghynan tuys, onyng ishinde vengrler men ukraindarda bar. Qazaq majarlary men vengrlerding gaplotýrlerining saraptamasyna qaramay, tek qana, synaqtan ótkizilgen majarlardyng gaplotoby bolyp tabylatyn G1 gaplotobynyng taraluyna negizdelgendikten shyqqan qorytyndyda sәikessizdikter bar. Biz, búl maqalanyng saraptamasyna keyinirek oralamyz.
Aldymen biz shejire (auyzsha genealogiya) negizinde arghyndardyng genealogiyalyq aghashyn týzip shyqpaqpyz. Sebebi, qazirgi tanda, bir millionnan astam arghyndar ómir sýretindikten, biz, arghynnyng ishki rularynyng shyghu tegi turaly Genealogiyalyq syzbamen shektelemiz.
Búl keste arghyndardyng shejiresi negizinde [5] jәne D.M. Ishakovtyng maqalasy [6] negizinde qúrastyryldy.
Kestege týsinikteme:
Arghyn - biz múny XIV ghasyrda ómir sýrgen tarihy túlghan retinde esepteymiz. Onyng esimi kóshpelilerding arasynda keng tanymal bolghan. Rudyng atauyn ómir sýrgen adamnyng esimimen atau tәjiriybesi kóshpeliler arasynda keng taralghan [7].
Qodan bi, Arghynnyng úly. Jýzge deyin ómir sýrgen ataqty aqyn әri bi. Ol qazaq handarynyng atasy Orys hannyng kenesshisi bolghan. Balasy Aqjoldyng qaytys boluyna baylanysty qatty qayghyryp, tolghau arnaydy, ol halyqtyng jadynda kýni býginge deyin «Qodan by tolghauy» atauymen saqtalghan.
Aqjol (Dayyrqoja), Qodan biyding balasy. Aqjol Orys hannyng nemeresi Baraq hangha Temir әuletining yqpalynan qútylugha kómektesedi [8]. «Arghyndar arasynda mynaday anyz bar, Ózbekting Ábilqayyryna eng jaqyn túlghalar qaraqypshaq ruynan Qobylandy batyr men arghyn ruynan Aqjol atalghan Dayyr qoja bolghan. Olardyng baqtalastyghy Dayyrqoja (Aqjol) men qaraqypshaq Qobylandynyng qyrqysuymen ayaqtaldy. Sodan Arghyndar Ábilqayyrdan Qobylandyny súraydy, han olardyng búl ótinishin qabyldamaydy, sondan song Jәnibek pen Kerey súltan bastaghan arghyndar (jәne kereyler) Ábilqayyrdy tastap, shyghys jaqqa ketip qalady. Búl anyz tarihtan bizge belgili Jәnibek pen Kereyding Mogholstangha, Balqash kólining ontýstigine (Han taugha) ne sebepti ketkenin týsindiredi. Bayqaghanymyzday, búl qandy renishten úghatynymyz, qalghan rular Jәnibekting úrpaqtary pen shaybanidterge bólingen sәtte shaybany әuletinde eshbir arghyn qalmaydy, sirә, Týrkistandy shabuyldaghan sәttegi Múhamed Shaybaniymen birge bolghan rulardyng tiziminde de arghynnyng aty atalmaydy» [9].
Qaraqoja Aqjoldyng úly. Aqjoldyng búl úly jas kezining ózinde ózgeshe sayasy túlghagha ainalghan adam. Ol, Orys han túqymdarynyng sayasy baghytyn ústanghan әkesining erkine qaramastan Toqtamys hannyng kenesshisi boldy. Osylaysha ol Edigening úly Núradinning taghdyryn qaytalady. Qaraqojanyng sonyna deyin Toqtamystyng senimdi serigi boluy, búl nәtiyjesinde Arghyndardy Shyryn, Baryn, Qypshaqtardyng qatarynda, «Toqtamystyng erekshe múragerleri» atty tórttikting biri bolugha alyp keldi. Ol Qazan men Qyrymdaghy Karachy bek ruynyng rubasy boldy, Qaraqojanyng balalary: qazandyq Karachy bek Naryq (Chora Naryqovtyng әkesi), qyrymdyq Karachiy-bek Ádil Shýkir bek (Adja Yamgurchy bekting әkesi).
Negizinen barlyq qazaq arghyndary da Qaraqojadan (toqal-arghyndar: shaqshaq pen saryjetim, majarlardan basqasy) taraydy.
Qazirgi sәtte qazaqtyng DNQ-jobasynda barlyghy alty arghyn ghana STR-marker boyynsha nәtiyjesin aldy. Beseuining gaplotýrleri sәikes keledi. Olardyng gaplotoby G1. Osy bes adamnyng ekeui ýlken arghynnyng ishki ruyna jatady: Qozghan men Qarjas. Ýsheui Toqal arghynnyng ishki ruyna (kishi arghyndar) jatady: bir Saryjetim jәne eki Majar.
Majar Arghyndar shejiresine sәikes Saryjetimning shóberesi (Saryjetim, úly Joldybay, onyng úly Jauqashty odan Majar tuady) jәne jobamen XVI ghasyrda ómir sýrgen [10].
Sonymen qatar, «A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)» atty maqalada majarlardyng 45 gaplotýri keltirildi. Búrynghy Torghay oblysynda túratyn majar ruynyng jaqyn emes tuystarynyng synaghy alyndy. Nәtiyjesinde 45 synaq tapsyrghan majardyng 39 (86,7%) G1 gaplotoby bar. SNP boyynsha gaplotoptar anyqtaldy. Qalghan alty majarda ózge gaplotoptar: J2*/-M172 (3 adamda), K/-M9, F/-M89, N/-M231 bar ekeni anyqtaldy.
Sonymen birge, DYS 19, DYS 385 a/b, DYS 389-1, DYS 389-2, DYS 390, DYS 391, DYS 392, DYS 393, DYS 437, DYS 438, DYS 439 STR-markerleri boyynsha da saraptamalar jýrgizildi.
Tómende qazaqtyng DNQ-jobasynan jәne maqaladan alynghan arghyn men majardyng gaplotýrlerining salystyrmaly kestesin keltiremiz (bes arghyn kursivpen berilgen) [11]:
Qarjas pen Qozghan rulary ýshin jalpylama alghashqy atasy - Qaraqojanyng úly Meyram (ómir sýrgen uaqyty - XV ghasyrdyng ortasy) bolghanyn eskertemiz.
Ýlken arghyn (qarjas pen qozghan) men kishi arghynnyng (saryjetim, majar) jalpylama alghashqy babasy - Aqjol (ómir sýrgen uaqyty - XIV ghasyrdyng sony men XV ghasyrdyng basy).
|
Ishki rulardyng ataulary |
N |
3 9 3 |
3 9 0 |
1 9 |
3 9 1 |
3 8 5 a |
3 8 5 b |
4 2 6 |
3 8 8 |
4 3 9 |
3 8 9 - 1 |
3 9 2 |
3 8 9 - 2 |
4 3 7 |
4 3 8 |
|
Kozgan |
1 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
10 |
13 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Karjas |
1 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
10 |
13 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Saryjetim |
1 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
14 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar |
2 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
18 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar |
2 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
18 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar1 |
24 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
X |
X |
12 |
13 |
12 |
28 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar2 |
2 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
X |
X |
12 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar3 |
4 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
X |
X |
12 |
14 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar4 |
1 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
18 |
X |
X |
12 |
14 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar5 |
3 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
X |
X |
13 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar6 |
1 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
17 |
X |
X |
12 |
15 |
12 |
30 |
16 |
10 |
|
Madjar7 |
4 |
13 |
23 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
17 |
X |
X |
12 |
14 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
10 |
Arghyndar men majarlardyng gaplotýrlerine qarap otyryp, mynaday týiin jasaugha bolady:
Majarlar arghyndardyng bir bóligi jәne olardyng vengrlermen esh jaqyn tuystyghy joq, tek vengrlik majarlarmen (madyarlar) bar joghy attas qana bolghan.
Sonday-aq, arghyndardyng arghy tegi Mongholiyadan shyqqan degen núsqalardyng eshqaysysy dәleldenbedi. G1 gaplotobyn iyemdengen Arghyndar avtohton bolghan, nemese Altyn Ordanyng batys bóliginen shyqqan boluy mýmkin.
Qazaqshagha audarghan: Dәuren Múhamedjanov
«Abay-aqparat»
Qoldanghan әdebiyetter tizimi:
1. Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev "Materialy po istoriy kazahskogo naroda", Tashkent 1925 jyl. http://www.history.kz/Articles/argyn.php
2. Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev "Materialy po istoriy kazahskogo naroda", Tashkent 1925 jyl. http://www.history.kz/Articles/argyn.php
3. Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly "Týrik, qyrghyz, qazaq hәm handar shejiresi", Baqyt Qayyrbekovting orysshagha audarmasy, Almaty, Dastan BK, 1990 jyl. http://www.history.kz/Articles/argyn.php
4. A.Z. Bíró, A. Zalán, A. Völgyi, H. Pamjav «A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)» // American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Volume 139 Issue 3, Pages 305 - 310.
5. Qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tarihy. Arghyn. 9-tom. 1-3 kitaptar. Almaty. 2007 jyl.
6. Ishakov D.M. «Rodoslovnye y epicheskie proizvedeniya kak istochnik istoriy sosloviy ulusa Djuchy y tatarskih hanstv»// Istochnikovedenie Istoriy ulusa Djuchy (ot Kalky do Astrahany 1223-1556). Qazan. 2001 jyl. 347 bet.
7. Klyashtornyy S.G. Savinov D.G. «Stepnye imperiy drevney Evraziiy». Sankt-Peterbor (2005), 44 bet, Yudin V.P. «Sentralinaya Aziya v 14-18 vekah glazamy vostokoveda». Almaty. 2001 jyl. 74 bet.
8. Sabitov J.M. «Genealogiya Tore» Almaty. 2008 jyl. 83,133 better.
9. Múhamedjan Tynyshbaev "Materialy po istoriy kazahskogo naroda", Tashkent 1925 jyl. http://www.history.kz/Articles/argyn.php
10. Qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tarihy. Arghyn. 9-tom. 3-kitap. Almaty. 2007 jyl. 547,550 better. Ismagulov O. «Etnicheskaya genografiya Kazahstana». Almaty. 1997 jyl. 19 bet
11. Qazaq DNQ-jobasynyng mәlimetter bazasyn myna jerden jýktep alugha bolady: http://www.elim.kz/forum/index.php?showtopic=612
